Chapter 5: Tissues (Human A/P)

Plasma membrane modifications are most commonly seen in __________.

epithelial

There are four major types of tissues in the human body. What are they?

epithelial (covering), connective (support), muscle (movement), and nervous (control)

_______ glands- secrete their products into ducts that open onto surfaces inside or outside of the body. ex. sweat glands pancreatic glands (empty digestive enzymes into the intestines)

exocrine

Merocrine glands. A ______ secretion is released by the process of exocytosis. ex. salivary glands- saliva pancreatic glands- digestive juices sweat glands- sweat

fluid

_____ _______ allow communication. they hollow tubes call conexons that connect cells They also have chemical molecules that can pass from cell to cell.

gap junctions

The Epithelial is the major tissue of most _______.

glands

Simple Cuboidal Epithelium. this type of tissue is found: 1. Lining the ducts of _____ like the salivary gland and pancreas (secretion). 2. Lining the tubules of the ____ (absorption and secretion)

glands kidneys

As cells are pushed toward the surface, they begin to produce a protection called _____ which causes them to become harder and flatter.

Keratin

the _____ shape is tall in thin (like columns). (two part name-epithelium)

columnar

Glandular Epithelium Structure. 1. Found most commonly in _____ epithelium and _____ epithelium.

columnar cuboidal

Simple Cuboidal Epithelium. Function. 1. ____- passage of a substance into or across a membrane of blood vessel. 2. ________- the process of making a material inside a cell and then moving it across the cell membrane to the outside of the cell.

absorption secretion

Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium. This type of tissue is found: 1. Lining _____ or _____ pathages. 2. lining _________ ___ of uterus.

airways or respiratory pallopian tubes

The Epithelial tissues always have on free (unattached) surface call the ______ surface.

apical

Epithelial tissue is ______- it has no blood supply. It depends entirely on _______ from capillaries in the underlying tissue for nutrients and oxygen.

avascular and diffusion

The lower surface of the cell always rest on a ____ ________ structure.

basement membrane

The basement membrane side is called the _____ surface.

basil

Transition Epithelium. Location. lines your ____ only in the _____ system.

bladder urinary

Apocrine glands. 1. part of the ____ _____is pinched off and released along with secretion. ex. mammary glands- milk`

cell body

Holocrine glands. Entire _____ ______ that are filled with secretions are released. ex. sebaceous glands- oil.

cell body

_______ are hair-like projects that produce a "sweeping" movement.

cilia

The Epithelial _______ all body surfaces.

covers

the ______ shape is cubed shaped. (two part name-epithelium)

cuboidal

The constantly dividing cells near the basement membrane are ___ or ____ in shape.

cuboital columnar

______ are the anchoring junctions. They keep the cells from pulling apart and they are made of protein filaments that extend from cell to cell.

desmosomes

Transition Epithelium. Functions. 1. Transitional epithelium's ability to change shape allows the bladder to ____ as it fills up with urine and then returns to its normal size when ______. 2. Forms a _______ to prevent urine from diffusing out of its passageways.

distend emptied barrier

Exocrine Glands. 1. Secrete into _____ that open onto a surface of the body. 2. Classified based on the method of _____.

ducts secretion

Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium. Function. 1. In the respiratory tract,secreted mucus traps _______ particles and _____ ______ that enter with the inspired air. _____ sweep the mucus and trapped debris out of the airways. 2. In the reproductive tract, cilia move the __ from the ovary toward the uterus.

dust infectious organisms cilia egg

______ glands- secrete their products directly into the blood or fluid surrounding the cells of the body (tissue fluid). ex. thyroid glands

endocrine

The Epithelial ______ most internal organs.

lines

Simple Squamous epithelium. 1. The type of cell is found: __________- diffusion of O2 and CO2. 2. ___________ (smallest blood vessels)- diffusion of nutrients and gases between the blood and the cells. 3. Capillaries of the _________- blood is filtered to make urine. 4. ____________ membranes- the lining of the ventral body cavities (abdomen, pelvic and thoracic cavities).

lungs walls of capillaries kidneys body cavity

______ are areas where the cells touch other cells.

membrane junctions

______ are small finger-like projections that increase the surface are of the cell membrane.

microvilli

Stratified means that this tissue is composed of ___ layers of cells.

multiple

What does the first part of the two part name refer to in the classification of Epithelium?

number of cell layers

How many layers does the simple epithelium have?

one

Simple Squamous epithelium. 1. ____ layer of cells 2. cells are shaped like ___________

one fish scales

Cells that are close to the surface are all ___ because they have moved so far away from the capillaries in the underlying connective tissues that they can no longer receive _____ or ________.

oxygen or nutrients

Simple Columnar Epithelium. Function. 1. The shape of this tissue makes it thick, so it helps ______ underlying tissues. 2. _______ some digestive fluids. 3. _____ nutrients from digested food.

protect secrete absorbing

Because it is to thick, _____ is the major function of stratified squamous epithelium.

protection

Simple Squamous epithelium. 1. simple squamous epithelium is very thin, it is not good for_______. 2. Often used as a membrane in areas where ________ or _______ occurs.

protection filtration and diffusion

Epithelial Tissues ______ easily.

regrow

Glandular Epithelium Function. 1. Glandular Epithelium is composed of epithelial cells that are specialized to produce and _______ cells.

secrete

Except for glandular epithelium, cells fit close together in __________.

sheets

Simple Columnar Epithelium. Structure. 1. ______ layer of cells. 2. cells are shaped like ________. 3. Nuclei are located at the ____ near the basement membrane. 4. Often have _______, finger-like projections of the cell membrane that increase the surface area for absorption.

single columns bottom microvilli

Simple Cuboidal Epithelium. Structure. 1. _____ layer of cells. 2. cells are shaped like _________. 3. Nuclei are large and ______.

single cubes centered

Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium. Structure. 1.This tissue appears stratified, but it is not- it is a ____ layer of cells. (pseudo means false) 2. The cell nuclei are located at different levels within the cells so the tissue appears to be stratified. 3. Contains __ ___, specialized cells that secret muscles. 4. Often possesses ______, hair-like structures which extend from the apical surface of the cell and move constantly. This tissue is called ________________.

single goblet cells cilia pseudostratified cilliated columnar epithelium

New cells are formed in the deeper layers near the __ membrane and push older cells outward toward the __ surface.

top apical

Stratified Squamous Epithelium. This type of cell is found in: 1. Forms the outer layer of ______ 2. Lines the _______, _______, and ____ ___ of the digestive tract and also lines the _______. **3. it is the most common type of epithelial tissue in the body.

skin inside mouth esophagus anal canal vagina

As cells get closer to the apical surface (free edge) and fill keratin, they become ____ shaped.

squamous

the _______ shape is flattened like fish scales. (two part name-epithelium)

squamous

Simple Columnar Epithelium. This type of tissue is found: 1. lining the ____, ______, and the ___.

stomach small intestine colon

What type of epithelium has more than one layer?

stratified epithelium

Transition Epithelium. Structure. 1. The appearance of this epithelial tissue is different depending on if it is ________ or_______. 2. Transitional epithelium is composed of ____ layers of _____ shaped cells. 3. When tissue is ____, the basal cells are cuboidal to columnar in shape and the apical cells are rounded and puffy looking. 4. When tissue is ____, the apical becomes flattened and squamous in appearance.

stretched or relaxed multiple layers cuboidal relaxed stretched

What does the second part of the two part name refer to in the classification of Epithelium?

the shape of the cell

What is Histology?

the study of tissues

_______ ______are zipper like. They are found in the lining of the intestines. They are impermeable (leak proof) and they also keep substances from passing between the cells.

tight junctions

Each type of epithelium has a _______ __________name

two part

The Epithelial tissues 'cover and line' other structures so they always have one surface that is ________

unattached/free