Chapter 51 Bio 182

1) Which 3 scientists are most closely associated with the original studies done in ethology?

- Lorenz, van Frisch, and Tinbergen

28) A stickleback fish will attack a fish model as long as the model has red coloring. What animal behavior idea is manifested by this observation? A) sign stimulus B) cognition C) imprinting D) classical conditioning E) operant conditioning

A

37) White-crowned sparrows can only learn the "crystallized" song for their species by A) listening to adult sparrow songs during a sensitive period as a fledgling, followed by a practice period until the juvenile matches its melody to its memorized fledgling song. B) listening to the song of its own species during a critical period so that it will imprint to its own species song and not the songs of other songbird species. C) practicing as a fledgling until the innate species-specific song becomes perfected. D) performing the crystallized song as adults when they become sexually mature, as the song is programmed into the innate behavior for the species. E) observing and practicing after receiving social confirmation from other adults at a critical period during their first episode of courtship behavior.

A

6) What type of signal is long-lasting and works at night? A) olfactory B) visual C) auditory D) tactile E) electrical

A

20) A cage containing male mosquitoes has a small earphone placed on top, through which the sound of a female mosquito is played. All the males immediately fly to the earphone and go through all of the steps of copulation. What is the best explanation for this behavior? A) The males learn to associate the sound with females. B) Copulation is a fixed action pattern, and the female flight sound is a sign stimulus that initiates it. C) The sound from the earphone irritates the male mosquitoes, causing them to attempt to sting it. D) The reproductive drive is so strong that when males are deprived of females, they will attempt to mate with anything that has even the slightest female characteristic. E) Through classical conditioning, the male mosquitoes have associated the inappropriate stimulus from the earphone with the normal response of copulation.

B

23) A type of learning that can occur only during a brief period of early life and results in a behavior that is difficult to modify through later experiences is called A) insight. B) imprinting. C) habituation. D) operant conditioning. E) trial-and-error learning.

B

59) In the territorial behavior of the stickleback fish, the red belly of one male that elicits attack from another male is functioning as A) a pheromone. B) a sign stimulus. C) a fixed action pattern. D) a search image. E) an imprint stimulus.

B

24) Learning in which an associated stimulus may be used to elicit the same behavioral response as the original sign stimulus is called A) concept formation. B) trial and error. C) classical conditioning. D) operant conditioning. E) cognition.

C

27) A salmon returns to its home stream to spawn. What term best applies to this behavior? A) sign stimulus B) cognition C) imprinting D) classical conditioning E) operant conditioning

C

67) A region of the canary forebrain shrinks during the nonbreeding season and enlarges when breeding season begins. This change is probably associated with the annual A) addition of new syllables to a canary's song repertoire. B) crystallization of subsong into adult songs. C) sensitive period in which canary parents imprint on new offspring. D) renewal of mating and nest-building behaviors. E) elimination of the memorized template for songs sung the previous year.

C

7) What type of signal is brief and can work among obstructions at night? A) olfactory B) visual C) auditory D) tactile E) magnetic

C

9) A chemical produced by an animal that serves as a communication to another animal of the same species is called A) a sign stimulus. B) an inducer. C) a pheromone. D) an imprinter. E) an agonistic promoter.

C

Listed below are several examples of types of animal behavior. Match the letter of the correct term (A-E) to each example in the following question. A. operant conditioning B. agonistic behavior C. innate behavior D. imprinting E. altruistic behavior 18) A mother goat can recognize its own kid by smell. A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E

D

5) Animal communication involves what type of sensory information? A) visual B) auditory C) olfactory D) tactile E) visual, auditory, olfactory, and tactile

E