chapter 6

Which alternative is the definition of the amniotic sac?

A fluid-filled reservoir that acts as a cushion and temperature regulator

Which of the following best expresses the relationship between an adolescent's social identity and her self-concept?

An adolescent's social identity is part of her self-concept.

t twelve months of age, James is classified as securely attached. Which of the following behaviors in the strange situation would be most consistent with this classification?

James is moderately distressed when mother leaves him alone and pleased when she returns.

Alice takes her 1-year-old son, Derek, to visit an infant-toddler program in which she hopes to enroll him. Derek eagerly explores the room as long as Alice is present. When Alice leaves the room to fill out some forms, Derek becomes somewhat upset. When she returns, though, Derek quickly calms down. Which term best describes Derek's attachment style?

Secure

Concerning the development of the brain during childhood and adolescence, which of the following statements is true?

The brain continues to develop into one's twenties.

Once adults move beyond their 20s, most will experience:

a slow, steady decline in all areas of physical function

Rebecca takes her 1-year-old son, Adam, to visit an infant-toddler program in which she hopes to enroll him. Adam appears very anxious and is unwilling to explore and play with the toys even though Rebecca is close by. When Rebecca leaves the room to fill out some forms, Adam becomes extremely upset and remains inconsolable. When Rebecca returns, Adam stays close to her, holding onto her pant leg. However, Adam makes it very clear he does not want her to touch him or pick him up. Which term best describes Adam's attachment style?

ambivalent

A teratogen is:

an environmental agent that can produce a birth defect

According to Piaget, the process of fitting new experiences into existing schemata is called _________, whereas the process of changing or modifying existing schemata to make sense of new experiences is called ________.

assimilation; accommodation

Which of the following phrases best approximates the proportion of fertilized eggs that fail to progress to the embryonic period of prenatal development?

at least half

Hailey's parents demand her strict obedience; "backtalk" is not tolerated. Isabella's parents are firm as well, but are more likely to reason with her and explain the consequences of her behavior. In terms of the parenting styles discussed in your text, Hailey's parents are _________; Isabella's are __________.

authoritarian; authoritative

Tom rarely acts nervous in strange situations and pays little attention to his mother's presence or absence. Tom would most likely be classified as having a(n) ___________ attachment pattern.

avoidant

Ed is no longer angry that he is dying of lung cancer. If Kübler-Ross is correct, Ed will now experience:

bargaining

Imagine that an infant is shown a blue-colored card over repeatedly until the infant stops watching the card. If the color of the card is now changed to green, and the infant starts watching again, researchers can infer that the infant:

can perceive the difference between the two cards

During the sensorimotor period

children form schemas based on their senses

jay complains to his father that he wants more juice. His father takes the juice Jay has in his glass and pours it into a taller but narrower glass. Jay is now content that he has more juice. Jay has apparently failed to develop:

conservation

Question text Jody is completing a test in which she has to name as many state capitals as she can in one minute; Aditi is trying to complete analogies between pairs of abstract diagrams. Jody is taking a test of _________ intelligence; Aditi, a test of __________

crystallized intelligence; fluid intelligence

According to Erikson, the major goal of adolescent development is:

developing a sense of identity

Mr. Eseston asks Colin if he wants his sandwich in one piece, or cut into two pieces. Colin asks him to keep it in one piece because he isn't hungry enough to eat two pieces. Colin's answer suggests that he

does not yet understand conservation.

According to Erikson, the challenge of intimacy versus isolation occurs:

during young adulthood

Grace is a 19-year-old college sophomore. She is living away from home for the first time and is trying to decide on a major. Grace is in a phase of life many developmental psychologists term ________ adulthood.

emerging

From two months after conception until birth, the developing fertilized egg is called a(n) _________.

fetus

The longest part of a pregnancy, from the 9th week through to birth, is the period of the _____.

fetus

Lee is in high school. He states that he is a Republican. However, he has given little thought to politics; he is a Republican mainly because his parents and neighbors are Republicans. Lee's example illustrates Marcia's _________ stage of identity formation.

foreclosure

According to Erikson, adolescents must resolve the challenge of:

identity versus role confusion

Charles, a high-school senior, is actively exploring potential career paths but has not yet made a commitment about which one to choose. In Marcia's terms, Charles reflects the _________ stage of identity development.

moratorium

When an infant recognizes that objects continue to exist even when they are no longer in sight, the infant has attained what Piaget termed:

object permanence

Walter's parents strongly believe that Walter should make his own decisions so they set very few rules about homework, bedtime, and household chores. Since they believe that freedom and responsibility are important, they patiently tolerate all of Walter's behavior, whether childish or mature. The parenting style adopted by Walter's parents is termed:

permissive

Jack registered as a conscientious objector during the Vietnam War. He believed that it is wrong to take the life of others. If necessary, Jack would serve time in jail, rather than take part in an armed conflict. Jack's reasoning reflects the __________stage of moral development.

postconventional

In part, the impulsivity of adolescence reflects the fact that brain development occurs more slowly in the brain's _______ than in its ____.

prefrontal cortex; limbic system

Over the years, the proportion of people who eventually marry has:

remained stable at 90%

On Monday, Jacques announces to his parents that he wants to be called "Jack." On Wednesday, he says he wants to drop out of school. On Friday, he says he wants to get a tattoo and become an architect. Erikson would say that Jacques is experiencing

role confusion

Which of the following sequences accurately reflects the order of Piaget's stages of cognitive development from birth through adolescence?

sensorimotor --> preoperational --> concrete operational --> formal operational

The habituation technique for studying infant perception is based on the finding that infants will:

show a decline in responsiveness to repeated stimulation

Juanita is 16 years old and she wants to study chemical engineering when she gets to college. Her parents think Juanita is being too ambitious and they are pressuring her to complete a business degree instead. Meanwhile, her boyfriend is talking about marriage and he doesn't want her to even start college. Based on Erikson's theory, it is likely that Juanita will:

show evidence of role confusion

Melanie presents infants with the same red light repeatedly until the infants quit looking at it. She then presents a new, slightly different colored light and records whether the infants resume responding. This is an example of:

the habituation procedure

As psychologists use the term, to "habituate" means:

to become accustomed

According to Erikson, the first challenge in a child's development is that of:

trust versus mistrust

Recall the Eriksonian challenges that occur during development. Which is correctly matched with the appropriate ages below?

trust vs. mistrust-ages 0 to 1-½