Chapter 6

The concentric rings of bone produced are

lamellae

Bones play an important role in regulating blood __________ levels, which must be maintained within narrow limits for functions such as muscle contraction and membrane potentials to occur normally.

calcium

Bone forming cells that produce collagen and proteoglycans and release matrix vesicles are

osteoblasts

Bone producing cells are

osteoblasts.

Hyaline cartilage

serves as a precursor for the formation of long bones in the body.

Bone building cells beneath the endosteum lay down bone to form ridges around a blood vessel.

False

Once a tunnel of bone is formed around a blood vessel, the bone building cells of the periosteum lay down bone in concentric circles that fill in the tunnel.

False`

In __________ growth of cartilage, chondroblasts in the perichondrium add new cartilage to the outside edge of the existing cartilage.

appositional

Hyaline cartilage consists of specialized cells called __________ that produce a matrix surrounding themselves. When matrix surrounds these cells they become __________ that are trapped in lacunae.

chondroblasts; chondrocytes

Long bones and bony projections increase in length because of growth at the __________.

epiphyseal plate

Chondroblasts produce a _________ cartilage model that has the approximate shape of the bone to be formed by endochondral ossification.

hyaline

Mechanical stress applied to bone __________ osteoblast activity in bone tissue, and the removal of mechanical stress __________ osteoblast activity.

increases; decreases

In _________ growth of cartilage, chondrocytes within the tissue divide and add more matrix between the existing cells.

interstitial

During fetal development bone forms in two patterns, __________ ossification takes place in connective tissue membranes and __________ ossification takes place in cartilage.

intramembranous; endochondral

Calcium homeostasis is maintained by two hormones: parathyroid hormone and __________.

Calcitonin

Very large multinucleated bone cells that are responsible for the reabsorption of bone are

osteoclasts

Bone cells that become surrounded by bone matrix and are located in cavities called lacunae are

osteocytes

The combination of all of the concentric rings of bone built around a single blood vessel is called a(n)

osteon

Bone remodeling is important for all of the following reasons EXCEPT

sodium ion regulation in the body.