Chapter 6

How do defense mechanisms differ from coping strategies? a. Defense mechanisms are unconscious processes whereas coping strategies are consciously chosen. b. Defense mechanisms are varied whereas people always use the same small set of coping strategies. c. Defense mechanisms are a response to stress or anxiety whereas coping strategies are used constantly. d. Defense mechanisms are effective in diffusing a stressful situation, whereas coping strategies are typically ineffective.

a. Defense mechanisms are unconscious processes whereas coping strategies are consciously chosen.

Which statement accurately describes a way that attachment style affects romantic relationships? a. People are likely to be happy in their relationship if either they or their partner have a secure attachment style. b. People with a secure attachment style tend to be happier when they are in a relationship with an avoidant partner. c. People with an avoidant attachment style tend to be happier when they are in a relationship with an anxious-ambivalent partner. d. People with an anxious-ambivalent attachment style tend to be happier when they are in a relationship with an anxious-ambivalent partner.

a. People are likely to be happy in their relationship if either they or their partner have a secure attachment style.

Attachment theory asserts that adult romantic behavior can be understood by examining ________. a. the relationships people had with their parents as children b. the recurring dreams people have about the opposite sex c. how people cope with stressful relationship situations d. how aggressively people act when under duress

a. the relationships people had with their parents as children

A person who ________ used a problem-focused coping strategy. a. refused to see a doctor despite concerns of a developing medical condition b. did hours of research to understand his newly diagnosed medical condition c. found comfort in his religion after discovering that he had a medical condition d. stayed busy to distract himself from his worries about his medical condition

b. did hours of research to understand his newly diagnosed medical condition

Which type of coping strategy is most effective for a stressful situation that can't be corrected, such as the death of a family member? a. problem-focused strategies b. emotion-focused strategies c. avoidance strategies d. repression strategies

b. emotion-focused strategies

Which theory was the springboard for attachment theory? a. displacement theory b. object theory c. frustration-aggression theory d. sublimation theory

b. object theory

Matt typically wants more intimacy in relationships and worries that his girlfriends don't really love him or won't want to stay with him long term. He sometimes comes on too strong in the beginning of a relationship and scares new girlfriends away with the intensity of his affection. Which attachment style does Matt most likely have? a. a secure attachment style b. an avoidant attachment style c. an anxious-ambivalent attachment style d. both a secure and avoidant attachment style

c. an anxious-ambivalent attachment style

Mariko is not afraid that her romantic partner will abandon her, but she does have a high amount of fear of getting too close to anyone romantically. Mariko can be classified as having which kind of attachment? a. secure b. anxious-ambivalent c. avoidant d. disoriented

c. avoidant

Lashing out at an innocent bystander rather than attacking the source of our frustration directly is known as ________. a. object relations b. disorientation c. displaced aggression d. catharsis

c. displaced aggression

The frustration-aggression hypothesis states that ________. a. frustration leads to aggressive behavior in people with poor coping skills b. frustration reduces aggression and aggression reduces frustration c. frustration always leads to aggression and aggression is always based on frustration d. frustration can only be reduced by engaging in aggressive behaviors

c. frustration always leads to aggression and aggression is always based on frustration

Why might a cathartic release of tension such as punching a pillow actually increase aggression? a. The pleasure we feel from the cathartic release of tension may make us repeat aggressive behaviors in order to achieve the pleasant feeling. b. Acting aggressively may lead us to become disinhibited to aggression and make it easier for us to act aggressively. c. Observing our own aggressive actions may inspire us to commit further acts of aggression. d. All of these options are possible explanations for why catharsis actually increases aggression.

d. All of these options are possible explanations for why catharsis actually increases aggression.

Which statement about attachment styles is true? a. Attachment styles are permanently established by puberty. b. The attachment styles predicted by theory have not been found in research. c. The effects of attachment styles dissipate during stressful times. d. Attachment styles can change over time.

d. Attachment styles can change over time.

Research indicates that a cathartic release of tension such as punching a pillow ________. a. is the most effective way to reduce aggression b. eliminates triggered displaced aggression c. reduces displaced aggression but not triggered displaced aggression d. actually makes people more aggressive

d. actually makes people more aggressive

According to Freud, ________ anxiety occurs when unacceptable id impulses are dangerously close to breaking into a person's consciousness. a. moral b. reality c. objective d. neurotic

d. neurotic

Alicia had a long and frustrating day at work and couldn't wait to relax on the couch and watch a movie when she got home. As soon as she stepped into her apartment, she saw that her roommate had left her clean laundry piled on the couch—again. Normally Alicia ignores this annoying behavior, but this time she angrily confronted her roommate about it. Alicia's reaction to her roommate's laundry being left on the couch best illustrates ________. a. dismissing b. object relations c. disorientation d. triggered displaced aggression

d. triggered displaced aggression