chapter 6
Which of the following is an example of an in group/out group dynamic
Members of sorority Delta Delta Delta advise their pledges not to socialize with members of rival sorority Sigma Delta Theta
The United States Government is a form of:
A. A. bureaucracy
A total institution can be define as:
An organization in which participants live a controlled lifestyle and in which resocialization occurs.
meritocracy:
a bureaucracy where membership and advancement is based on merit—proven and documented skills
hierarchy of authority:
a clear chain of command found in a bureaucracy
aggregate
a collection of people who exist in the same place at the same time, but who don't interact or share a sense of identity
in-group:
a group a person belongs to and feels is an integral part of his identity
expressive function:
a group function that serves an emotional need
out-group:
a group that an individual is not a member of, and may even compete with
laissez-faire leader:
a hands-off leader who allows members of the group to make their own decisions
democratic leader
a leader who encourages group participation and consensus-building before moving into action
expressive leader:
a leader who is concerned with process and with ensuring everyone's emotional wellbeing
A instrumental leader:
a leader who is goal oriented with a primary focus on accomplishing tasks
instrumental leader:
a leader who is goal oriented with a primary focus on accomplishing tasks
authoritarian leader:
a leader who issues orders and assigns tasks
triad:
a three-member group
dyad:
a two-member group
total institution:
an organization in which participants live a controlled lifestyle and in which total resocialization occurs
group:
any collection of at least two people who interact with some frequency and who share some sense of aligned identity
When Michael starts high school, he joins the basketball team. He begins to look to his teammate friends for cues on how to behave at dances, in the hallways, and even in the classroom. Michael's basketball team is serving as Michael's _____. a. Out-group b. Reference group c. Aggregate d. Secondary group
b. Reference group
instrumental function:
being oriented toward a task or goal
Justin enrolls in a local community college so he can one day become an engineer. Justin is about to become a member of a: a. Voluntary organization b. Paparazzi organization c. Utilitarian organization d. Coercive organization
c Utilitarian Organization
Kellan wants to shop at Express for the new school year, but because all of his friends shop at Pacific Sun, Kellan does as well. Kellan's behavior is an example of: a. Consumer-oriented discretion b. Laissez-faire leadership c. Conformity d. Out-group dynamics
c. Conformity
Christine is president of her Improvisation Comedy Troupe. When making decisions about booking gigs, rehearsal spaces, and call-times, Christine leaves the troupe to decide for themselves. Christine is a(n) _____ leader. a. Authoritarian b. Democratic c. Laissez-faire d. Republican
c. Laissez-faire
A famous socialite is court-ordered to enter a rehabilitation center to eliminate her drug addiction. The socialite is about to become a member of a: a. Voluntary organization b. Paparazzi organization c. Utilitarian organization d. Coercive organization
d. Coercive organization
The concept "reference groups" can be defined as: a. Groups which consist of people for whom an individual feels great disdain. b. Groups a person belongs to and feels are an integral part of his or her identity. c. People who share similar characteristics but who are not connected in any way. d. Groups to which an individual compares himself or herself.
d. Groups to which an individual compares himself or herself.
bureaucracies
formal organizations characterized by a hierarchy of authority, a clear division of labor, explicit rules, and impersonality
reference groups:
groups to which an individual compares herself
formal organizations:
large, impersonal organizations
secondary groups:
larger and more impersonal groups that are task-focused and time limited
utilitarian organizations:
organizations that are joined to fill a specific material need
coercive organizations:
organizations that people do not voluntarily join, such as prison or a mental hospital
normative or voluntary organizations:
organizations that people join to pursue shared interests or because they provide some intangible rewards
category:
people who share similar characteristics but who are not connected in any way
primary groups:
small, informal groups of people who are closest to us
conformity:
the extent to which an individual complies with group or societal norms
clear division of labor
the fact that each individual in a bureaucracy has a specialized task to perform
McDonaldization of Society:
the increasing presence of the fast food business model in common social institutions
leadership function:
the main focus or goal of a leader
impersonality:
the removal of personal feelings from a professional situation
leadership style:
the style a leader uses to achieve goals or elicit action from group members
Iron Rule of Oligarchy:
the theory that an organization is ruled by a few elites rather than through collaboration
explicit rules:
the types of rules in a bureaucracy; rules that are outlined, recorded, and standardized
