CHAPTER 6 ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY

a. tissue

A collection of similar cells that perform a function is called a(n) _____. a. tissue b. structure c. organ d. organism

c. hormones

Acne, loss of scalp hair, facial hair growth and color, and darker skin pigmentations are some of the results of changing or fluctuating _____. a. cells b. tissues c. hormones d. metabolism

d. adipose

Another term for fat is _____ tissue. 1. a. nerve b. muscle c. epithelial d. adipose

b. The exchange of carbon dioxide for oxygen

Blood is generally bright red in the arteries and dark red in the veins. What accounts for the difference in color? a. The addition of iron b. The exchange of carbon dioxide for oxygen c. The return of needed sugars d. The substitution of carbon monoxide for oxygen

a. endocrine glands

Ductless glands that release secretion of hormones directly into the bloodstream are _____. a. endocrine glands b. digestive glands c. exocrine glands d. sweat glands

c. 206

How many bones are in the adult human body? 1. a. 186 b. 196 c. 206 d. 216

b. Changes in the growth rate, quality, or texture of hair or nails

How might a cosmetologist notice changes in a client's thyroid function? a. Swollen lymph nodes in the neck a. Swollen lymph nodes in the neck b. Changes in the growth rate, quality, or texture of hair or nails c. Signs of infection including abscesses d. Improved muscle tone throughout the body

b. 8 to 10 pints

How much blood is in the adult human body? a. 5 to 7 pints b. 8 to 10 pints c. 3 to 4 quarts d. 5 to 6 quarts

a. mitosis

In living organisms, cell reproduction is called _____. 1. a. mitosis b. catabolism c. metabolism d. aptosis

c. hormones

Insulin, adrenaline, and estrogen are examples of _____. a. digestive enzymes b. waste products c. hormones d. proteins

b. daughter

Most cells reproduce by dividing into two cells called _____ cells. 1. a. neutral b. daughter c. twin d. sibling

c. adductors

Muscles that draw the fingers together the fingers are called _____. 1. a. abductors b. pronators c. adductors d. extensors

c. 4

One square centimeter of skin contains_____ yards of nerves. 1. a. 12 b. 3 c. 4 d. 10

b. insertion to the origin

Pressure in massage is usually directed from the _____. a. insertion to beginning b. insertion to the origin c. skeleton to origin d. front to sides

d. sphenoid bone

QUESTION 22 The bone that joins all of the bones of the cranium together is the ____ a. ethmoid bone b. parietal bone c. malar bone d. sphenoid bone

c. organs

Structures composed of specialized tissues that perform specific functions in plants and animals are called _____. 1. a. cells b. hormones c. organs d. neurons

c. Orbicularis oculi

Suppose you instruct a client to close his or her eyes before you apply makeup. Which muscle are you instructing the client to use? a. Temporal oculi b. Corrugator muscle c. Orbicularis oculi d. Latissimus dorsi

a. Three

The ankle joint is composed of how many bones? 1. a. Three b. Four c. Six d. Nine

b. cells

The basic units of all living things are _____. 1. a. bacteria b. cells c. plasmas d. hormones

c. occipital

The bone that forms the back of the skull above the nape is the _____. 1. a. temporal b. mandible c. occipital d. frontal

a. phalanges

The bones in the fingers or digits are called _____. 1. a. phalanges b. metacarpus c. scapula d. carpus

a. protoplasm

The cells of all living organisms are made of a substance called _____. 1. a. protoplasm b. neoplasm c. ultraplasm d. cytoplasm

d. zygomatic bones

The cheekbones are also called the _____. 1. a. hyoid bones b. lacrimal bones c. ethmoid bones d. zygomatic bones

a. nucleus

The dense, active structure at the center of the cell is the _____. 1. a. nucleus b. membrane c. neuron d. origin

b. thorax

The elastic, bony cage that acts as a protective framework for the heart and lungs is the _____. 1. a. sternum b. thorax c. scapula d. clavicle

d. Fourteen

The facial skeleton has how many bones? 1. a. Six b. Eight c. Twelve d. Fourteen

a. femur

The heavy, long bone that forms the leg above the knee is called the _____. 1. a. femur b. tibia c. fibula d. patella

c. ulna

The inner and larger bone of the forearm, attached at the wrist and located on the side of the little finger, is the _____. 1. a. humerus b. carpus c. ulna d. radius

a. inflammation of tissue surrounding the joint

The joint pain people complain about is often caused by _____. a. inflammation of tissue surrounding the joint b. damage to the joint itself c. circulatory impairments d. nervous system damage

c. brain

The largest and most complex organization of nerve tissue in the body is the _____. 1. a. spinal cord b. neurons c. brain d. PNS

c. trigeminal nerve

The largest of the cranial nerves also called the fifth cranial nerve, is the _____. a. sensory nerve b. mandibular nerve c. trigeminal nerve d. ophthalmic nerve

a. common carotid arteries

The main arteries that supply blood to the head, neck, and face are the _____. a. common carotid arteries b. common aorta arteries c. internal jugular d. serratus anterior arteries

b. belly

The middle part of the muscle is called the _____. 1. a. nucleus b. belly c. insertion d. origin

D. TRAPEZIUS

The muscle that covers the back of the neck and upper and middle region of the back is the _____. a. corrugator muscle b. pectoralis minor c. latissimus dorsi d. trapezius

c. pronators

The muscles that turn the hand inward so the palm faces downward are the _____. a. flexors b. supinators c. pronators d. levitators

b. Three

The nervous system as a whole is divided into how many main subdivisions? 1. a. Two b. Three c. Four d. Six

d. origin

The part of the muscle that does not move is the _____. 1. a. ligament b. tendon c. insertion d. origin

c. insertion

The part of the muscle that moves and is farthest from the skeleton is the _____. 1. a. ligament b. tendon c. insertion d. origin

b. skeletal system

The physical foundation of the body consisting of bones connected by joints is the _____. 1. a. nervous system b. skeletal system c. muscular system d. endocrine system

a. Testosterone

The primary male reproductive hormone is _____. 1 a. Testosterone b. Insulin c. Progestin d. Estrogen

c. physiology

The scientific study of the functions and activities performed by the body's structures is called _____. 1. a. neurology b. anatomy c. physiology d. reflexology

a. neurology

The scientific study of the structure, function, and pathology of the nervous system is called _____. 1. a. neurology b. anatomy c. physiology d. reflexology

a. reflex

The simplest form of nervous activity that includes a sensory and motor nerve is called a(n) _____. a. reflex b. instinct c. activation d. inflammation

d. cranium and facial bones

The skull consists of the _____. a. temporal and occipital bones b. sphenoid and hyoid bones c. vertebrae and discs d. cranium and facial bones

d. radius

The smaller bone of the forearm, on the same side as the thumb, is the _____. 1. a. hyoid b. humerus c. ulna d. radius

a. anatomy

The study of body structures that can be seen with the eye is called _____. 1. a. anatomy b. physiology c. kinesiology d. histology

c. nerve

The type of tissue that controls and coordinates body functions is _____ tissue. a. endocrine b. epithelial c. nerve

c. nerves

The whitish cords made up of bundles of nerve fibers, held together by connective tissue that make up the nervous system are called _____. 1. a. nuclei b. glands c. nerves d. lymphatics

c. natural covering

The word integument means _____. a. blood vessels b. hormone c. natural covering d. gland

c. veins

Thin-walled blood vessels that are less elastic than arteries and located closer to the skin surface are _____. a. buccinators b. capillaries c. veins d. arteries

a. Sternocleidomastoideus

To find the comb she dropped on the floor while working on her client Tyna lowered her head and turned her head away. What muscle was Tyna most likely using? a. Sternocleidomastoideus b. Temporalis c. Masseter d. Aponeurosis

c. Ventricle

To what part of the heart is oxygenated blood returned? 1. a. left atrium b. Mitral valve c. Ventricle d. Pericardium

d. Cytoplasm

What is the fluid of a cell that surrounds the nucleus and is necessary for growth and reproduction? a. Cell membrane b. Cerebrospinal fluid c. Mitosis d. Cytoplasm

b. Connective tissue

What is the tissue that binds together, protects, and supports various parts of the body? a. Nerve tissue b. Connective tissue c. Epithelial tissue d. Muscle tissue

c. Central

What nervous system controls the voluntary functions of the five senses? 1. a. Peripheral b. Autonomic c. Central d. Somatic

a. Pineal

Which gland plays a major role in sexual development, sleep, and metabolism? 1. a. Pineal b. Pituitary c. Thyroid d. Spleen

d. Levator palpebrae superioris

Which muscle can easily be damaged during makeup application? a. Corrugator b. Orbicularis oculi c. Platysma d. Levator palpebrae superioris

a. Sural nerve

Which nerve supplies impulses to the skin on the outer side and back of the foot and leg? a. Sural nerve b. Common peroneal nerve c. Saphenous nerve d. Dorsal nerve

b. Thymus gland

Which of the following is part of the lymphatic system? 1. a. Thyroid b. Thymus gland c. Pancreas d. Pineal

c. Ovaries

Which organ is part of the female reproductive system? 1. a. Urethra b. Prostate c. Ovaries d. Testes

b. Epithelial

You hungrily take a bite of steaming hot pizza and the bubbling cheese burns the inside of your mouth. What type of tissue have you damaged? 1. a. Endocrine b. Epithelial c. Nerve d. Lymphatic

a. Corrugator muscle

You notice your instructor watching you perform a service. Your instructor's eyebrows are down and her forehead has vertical wrinkles in it. What muscle is she most likely using? a. Corrugator muscle b. Masseter muscle c. Orbicularis oculi muscle d. Epicranius muscle

a. Protoplasm; nucleus

_____ is to raw egg white as _____ is to raw egg yolk. a. Protoplasm; nucleus b. Cell membrane; protoplasm c. Nucleus; cytoplasm d. Cytoplasm; cell membrane