Chapter 6: Anxiety Disorders
Which of the following is accurate regarding the diagnosis of social phobia in an adolescent? a. The adolescent will not recognize that the fear is excessive or unreasonable. b. The distinction between normal and abnormal social anxiety may be particularly difficult. c. The disorder is likely overdiagnosed in adolescents diagnosed in this age group. d.Young people with social anxiety are typically on anxious in one or two social situations (e.g., meeting new people or performing in front a group).
A
Which of the following is required for a diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder? a. Re-experiencing, avoidance, and arousal b. Panic, depression, and dissociation c. Withdrawal, aggression, and delusions d.Fear, rejection of others, dissociation
A
_____________________ is a chronic disorder characterized by vocal and motor tics and related urges. a. Tourette's Syndrome b. Obsessive Compulsive Spectrum c. Multimodal Tic Disorder d. Repetitive Movement Disorder
A
A general definition of anxiety as a complex pattern of three types of reactions to a perceived threat usually refers to which of the following responses? a. Physiological responses b. Unconscious responses c. Aggressive responses d. Covert responses
A
A youngster receiving a DSM-IV diagnosis of social phobia a. is likely to meet the criteria for another DSM diagnosis. b. is likely to have a general absence of appropriate social skills. c. is likely to have a problem with age-appropriate social relations with familiar people. d. may exhibit this problem only in interactions with adults.
A
As a result of the Oklahoma City bombing, a. youngsters in the area experienced both immediate and continuing symptoms of posttraumatic stress. b. the majority of youngsters in the area no longer experienced symptoms after two months' time. c. only those youngsters who had lost an immediate family member continued to experience symptoms two months after the bombing. d. youngsters showed no correlations between television exposure to the event and PTSD symptoms.
A
Brain imaging studies and other findings suggest that obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is linked to the anatomy of the a. basal ganglia. b. cerebral cortex. c. frontal cortex. d. thalamus.
A
Children and adolescents with social phobia a. often fear situations such as public speaking or performing in front of others. b. only exhibit fear or anxiety when interacting with adults. c. exhibit social fears all the time, even when interacting with familiar adults. d. develop selective mutism after having the diagnosis for 6-9 months.
A
In the DSM-IV system, which of the following is an anxiety disorder? a. Separation anxiety disorder b. Overanxious disorder c. Acute fear disorder d. Avoidant disorder
A
Research on generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) indicates that a. GAD often co-occurs with other disorders. b. the intensity of the symptoms tends to decrease with age. c. separation anxiety is a common co-occurring disorder in adolescents with GAD. d. it is theorized to be under diagnosed.
A
Selective mutism might be conceptualized as an extreme form of: a. social anxiety. b. school anxiety. c. language disorder. d. depressive disorder.
A
Severe cases of panic may lead to a youngster becoming terrified of leaving home for fear of being alone or of a situation where an uncontrollable or embarrassing attack may occur. This pattern is known as a. agoraphobia. b. separation anxiety. c. domestic panic. d. attachment panic.
A
Systematic desensitization a. is a combination of relaxation and exposure. b. is a form of contingency management. c. is a cognitive behavioral intervention. d. requires an in vivo experience to be effective.
A
Which brain structure has been linked to anxiety? a. Amygdala b. Cerebellum c. Basal ganglia d. Thalamus
A
Which of the following is a correct indication of what the acronym FEAR stands for, as employed by Kendall in his Coping Cat Workbook? a. F - Feeling frightened b. E - Exposure to feared stimulus c. A - Associate with brave people d. R - Repeat after me, "I am calm and relaxed"
A
Pharmacological treatment for anxiety in youth is probably the treatment of first choice.
F
Separation anxiety is reportedly common in older adolescents.
F
A panic attack that occurs "out of the blue" is described as a(n) a. cued panic attack. b. uncued panic attack. c. pseudo panic attack. d. depressive panic attack.
B
An 8-year-old girl, Cindy, refuses to go to school, complains of stomachaches and nausea on school days, but readily goes to other children's homes and to other activities away from home. Cindy expresses anxiety regarding aspects of the school situation. She would most likely receive a DSM diagnosis of a. school refusal disorder. b. specific phobia. c. separation anxiety disorder. d. social phobia.
B
Heather is a 13-year-old who has been diagnosed with generalized anxiety disorder. It is likely that Heather a. exhibits anxiety concerning one particular kind of situation. b. has excessive concerns with her competence and performance. c. has symptoms that are likely to be transitory (short term). d. does not show other signs of significant impairment in her functioning.
B
In order to diagnose OCD: a. obsessions must be related to dirt and germs. b. the obsessions and compulsions must be highly time consuming and interfere with life. c. a child must have both obsessions and compulsions. d. parents and children must agree that there is a problem.
B
In regard to biological influences of anxiety, a. the influence of genetics is greatest for adolescents. b. serotonin has been linked to anxiety and panic. c. GABA is elevated in the brains of anxious individuals. d. the influence of genetics is higher for anxiety than other psychological disorders.
B
In treating youngsters with obsessive-compulsive disorder, the treatments for which there are the best empirical support are a. exposure with response prevention and antianxiety medications. b. exposure with response prevention and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). c. systematic desensitization and antianxiety medications. d.systematic desensitization and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs).
B
Mark experiences an event that poses a serious threat of injury or loss of his life. He subsequently experiences feelings of fear and helplessness that clearly interfere with his functioning. He also reports dissociative symptoms. The entire set of symptoms lasts for about three weeks. Mark is most likely to receive the DSM-IV diagnosis of a. specific phobia. b. acute stress disorder. c. panic type stress disorder. d. posttraumatic stress disorder.
B
Susan is 8 years old and exhibits an excessive and persistent fear of bearded men. She cries, clings to her mother, and is nauseous whenever she sees bearded men. She will not go to church since many members of the congregation have beards. She also does not want to go shopping or to restaurants for similar reasons. Susan would most likely receive a DSM-IV diagnosis of a. social phobia. b. specific phobia. c. separation anxiety disorder. d. neurotic anxiety.
B
The evidence for a genetic influence is probably greatest for which anxiety disorder? a. Post traumatic stress disorder b. Obsessive-compulsive disorder c. Separation anxiety disorder d. Specific phobia
B
Which of the following is true regarding the prevalence rate of anxiety disorders? a. Anxiety disorders are the least common disorders experienced by children and adolescents. b. Young people are likely to meet the criteria for more than one anxiety disorder. c. Young people typically outgrow their anxiety disorder. d. Boys are more likely than girls to be diagnosed with an anxiety disorder.
B
Which of the following pairs of symptoms is required for a DSM-IV-TR diagnosis of generalized anxiety disorder? a. Excessive anxiety or worry and difficulty concentrating b. Excessive anxiety or worry and difficulty controlling worry c. Difficulty controlling worry and irritability d. Difficulty concentrating and disturbed sleep
B
Which of the following represent the common "themes" associated with OCD? a. Aggressive thoughts or images and being good b. Cleanliness, grooming, averting danger, and pervasive doubting c. Fear of not being prepared for disaster and hoarding or collecting d. Aggressive thoughts or images and counting
B
Which of the following would be the least likely to be used to assess the subjective component of a child's fear or anxiety? a. Global self-ratings by the child b. A behavioral avoidance test c. The Revised Fear Survey Schedule for Children d.The Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale
B
__________________ ensures positive consequences follow exposure to but not avoidance of the feared stimulus. The youth is rewarded for improvement. a. Relaxation training b. Reinforced practice c. Rehearsal d. Repeat modeling
B
A(n) _______ is usually defined as an event outside of everyday experience that would be distressing to almost anyone. a. panic attack b. obsession c. trauma d. parathesia
C
A(n) __________ is a discrete period of intense fear or terror that has a sudden onset and reaches a peak quickly. a. anxiety attack b. compulsion c. panic attack d. parathesia
C
Several classic studies indicate that normal children do not exhibit a large number of fears.
F
An 8-year-old boy, Ben, refuses to go to school, complains of stomachaches and nausea on school days, and experiences extreme anxiety in this and other situations requiring interactions with peers. Ben would most likely receive a DSM-IV diagnosis of a. separation anxiety disorder. b. specific phobia. c. social phobia. d. generalized anxiety disorder.
C
Kagan's findings regarding children who are extreme on the dimension of behavioral inhibition to the unfamiliar indicate that a. inhibited children tend to have decreased autonomic system reactivity. b. fears in the inhibited children are usually associated with prior trauma, whereas fears in the noninhibited children are not. c. inhibited children were more likely than noninhibited children to meet the criteria for multiple anxiety disorders. d. inhibited children were particularly at risk for the development of depression.
C
Sam, age 6, experiences repeated and persistent thoughts concerning infection and illness, which he does not think are unusual or unreasonable. These thoughts a. may be compulsions. b. are not compulsions since they are not viewed as unreasonable. c. may be obsessions. d.are not obsessions since they are not viewed as unreasonable.
C
The DSM-IV-TR diagnosis of separation anxiety disorder requires a. refusal to go to school plus two out of seven other symptoms. b. refusal to go to school plus three of seven other symptoms. c. any three of eight listed symptoms. d. evidence of actual prolonged separation from the mother plus three of eight listed symptoms.
C
The most widespread explanation for cases of school refusal is a. psychological disturbance in the mother. b. anxiety concerning academic performance. c. separation anxiety. d. traumatic experiences at school.
C
Which combination is most likely to result in anxiety? a. Low positive affect and high negative affect b. High effortful control and low positive affect c. Low effortful control and high negative affect d. High effortful control and high negative affect
C
Which of the following is true regarding PTSD? a. Avoidance is the most common symptom. b. Children and adolescents tend to experience the same pattern of symptoms. c. Symptoms can differ depending on the nature of the traumatic event. d. The degree of exposure to the traumatic event is irrelevant.
C
Which of the following is true regarding fears, worries and anxiety in youth? a. As children get older they are less likely to worry about threats to well-being. b. Boys are more likely than girls to report fears and worries. c. The most common fears do not vary across cultures. d. There are no cultural differences in how anxiety is expressed (i.e., the prevalence rates of specific anxiety disorders).
C
Which of the following is true regarding panic disorder in children? a. Children report more cognitive symptoms than adults. b. Children experience only cued panic attacks. c. Children may report a general fear of becoming sick rather than specific physical symptoms. d.Panic disorder is more prevalent in children than adolescents
C
Which of the following symptoms is least likely to occur in a young child who has experienced a traumatic event during a train trip? a. Sleep difficulties b. Fears regarding other forms of transportation c. Fears related to small animals and other objects d. Dependent, clinging behavior
C
______________ is an alteration in self-awareness that includes numbing, detachment or appearing to be in a daze. a. Trauma b. Derealization c. Dissociation d. Depersonalization
C
__________________ involves observation followed by the fearful child joining the model in making gradual approaches to the feared objects. a. In vivo exposure b. Imaginal exposure c. Participant modeling d. Symbolic modeling
C
Somatic (physical) complaints (e.g., stomachaches) are symptoms that occur among youngsters with separation anxiety disorder, but not among those with generalized anxiety disorder.
F
Surveys of normal children have revealed that parents may overestimate the prevalence of fears in their children
F
The DSM-IV-TR diagnostic criteria for obsessive-compulsive disorder requires that youngsters realize that these thoughts and behaviors are unreasonable
F
The most widely used measure to assess anxiety in children and adolescents is a heart rate monitor.
F
There is clear evidence that developmental rituals are early manifestations of OCD.
F
There is little evidence of a genetic contribution in anxiety disorders.
F
To date, prevention programs for anxiety have not been very effective.
F
Within the internalizing syndrome of the empirical taxonomy based on Achenbach's instruments, there are separate subcategories for anxiety and depression.
F
Amy is a kindergarten girl who, since preschool, does not speak at all in school or with her peers. She does easily speak with family members or when she is alone. Others describe her as fearful and clinging. Which of the following best fits Amy? a. Developmental language disorder b.School phobia c. Avoidant disorder d.Selective mutism
D
Based on the case study of Carlos presented in your book, which of the following is likely true regarding specific phobias? a. In order for phobias to develop, an individual must have a history numerous negative experiences with the feared object. b. If there has only been one bad experience with an object, the phobia is not severe. c. Phobias tend to resolve without treatment. d. Phobias can generalize to broad categories of objects (e.g., all buttons).
D
Based on the work of LaGreca et al., following Hurricane Andrew, which of the following statements regarding the developmental course of symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder is accurate? a. All attempts to cope, both negative and positive, resulted in persistent symptoms. b. Symptoms of avoidance and general numbing increased over time. c. Symptoms of arousal increased over time. d. Substantial numbers of children continued to report "re-experiencing" symptoms.
D
Most anxiety prevention programs have included a. systematic desensitization. b. modeling. c. contingency management. d. cognitive behavioral methods.
D
Regarding the etiology of anxiety disorders such as specific phobias, it is most likely that they are a. largely genetically determined. b. due to direct experience. c. due to indirect experience. d.multiply determined.
D
Research suggests that ______ may serve as a precursor to panic disorder. a. medical fears and specific phobias b. orderliness and obsessive-compulsive disorder c. shyness and social phobia d. separation concerns and separation anxiety disorder
D
Research suggests that parents may influence the development of anxiety in several ways. Which of the following is a possible method of parental influence? a. Parents ignore anxious behavior. b. Parents reinforce active methods of coping. c. Parents assume their children can handle anxiety-provoking situations. d.Parents are overprotective and intrusive
D
Which of the following regarding panic attacks and youth is true? a. Adolescents with panic attacks do not experience very much distress or impairment. b. Adolescents with panic attacks are not likely to seek treatment. c. Most youth with panic have no history of anxiety. d. Many youth with panic disorder in clinical settings have a family history of panic attacks.
D
Which of the following statements regarding school refusal is true? a. School refusal only occurs during the elementary school years. b. School refusal has a better prognosis in older youngsters. c. School refusal in young children is likely to be related to conduct disorder. d.School refusal in adolescents is likely to be associated with a mixed presentation of anxiety and depression
D
Which of the following statements regarding the epidemiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder is accurate? a. Obsessive-compulsive disorder occurs in about 10 percent of the general population of adolescents. b. Onset for boys tends to be postpubertal. c. Onset for girls tends to be prepubertal. d. Mean age of onset is about 10 years of age.
D
Worry is a behavioral response to anxiety.
F
According the research reported in the textbook, ethnicity does not impact the reporting of anxiety symptoms.
F
Acute stress disorder (ASD) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are the same; however, one occurs in children and one occurs in adults.
F
All youth who have separation anxiety exhibit school refusal.
F
An 8-year-old boy who is afraid of the water does not realize that his fear is excessive and unreasonable; therefore, he would not meet the DSM-IV criteria for specific phobia.
F
Based on the case study of Bruce reported in the textbook, the boy with selective mutism, selective mutism is an easily treated disorder.
F
Based on the case study of Sergei (the 17 year old with OCD), it is evident that symptoms of OCD tend to remain fairly stable in young people, making the disorder easier to manage.
F
Depression and anxiety are both characterized by low levels of positive affect.
F
In regard to youth who refuse school, it is best to recommend home schooling versus attempting to have them resume regular classroom attendance.
F
LaGreca et al. studied children who experienced Hurricane Andrew in Florida. After 10 months, less than 10 percent of the children reported re-experiencing symptoms.
F
Most youngsters with social phobia do not meet the criteria for other disorders.
F
Panic attacks are a DSM-IV diagnosis.
F
According to the FDA, Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) may increase depression or suicidality in youth.
T
According to the case study in the textbook of John who had Generalized Anxiety Disorder, having low self esteem is a common side effect of this disorder.
T
Anxiety is future oriented, whereas fear is a reaction to an immediate threat.
T
Becca, a high school freshman, must give an oral report in order to pass her social studies course. She has been nervous and upset. On the day of the scheduled presentation, she does not come to school. Becca may be experiencing social anxiety disorder.
T
Childhood obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is often recognized only when symptoms are very severe.
T
Concerns about being negatively evaluated are common among youngsters with social phobia.
T
Effortful control is the ability to employ self-regulative processes.
T
Exposure to anxiety provoking situations is a central element of successful fear reduction
T
Generalized anxiety disorder is one of the most common anxiety disorders among adolescents.
T
It is most commonly reported that both the number and intensity of fears experienced by children decreases with age
T
Many children who experience child abuse also meet the diagnostic criteria for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
T
OCD is often comorbid with tic disorders.
T
Part of the basis for a biological explanation of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is research that indicates that both OCD and Tourette syndrome occur in the same individuals.
T
Phobia is the term often employed to describe fears that are quite intense, continue longer than expected, and interfere with functioning
T
Prior to adolescence, boys are more likely to be diagnosed with OCD than girls
T
Research indicates that Hispanic American children have higher rates of separation anxiety disorder than European American children.
T
Research on the children kidnapped from Chowchilla, CA, found that 73% of the children had moderate to severe reactions to the event.
T
School refusal and truancy can be differentiated by fear, parental knowledge of the absence, and the existence of other conduct problems.
T
Selective mutism is a separate DSM-IV-TR disorder.
T
Specific phobias are among the most commonly diagnosed anxiety disorders in children and adolescents.
T
The assessment of the subjective component of anxiety disorders may be more difficult for child clients than assessment in adults. This may be due, in part, to the difficulty parents and clinicians have in reliably identifying emotional discomfort in children.
T
The main difference between the FEAR program and the FRIENDS program is family involvement
T
The number of hours watching televised reports of the September 11, 2001 terrorism attacks was correlated with stress symptoms. That is, the more hours watched, the greater the symptoms reported.
T