Chapter 6 Infection Prevention and Control
aseptic technique
Any activity or procedure that prevents infection or breaks the chain of infection.
Bloodborne Pathogens Standard
Any contaminated item must be transported in covered, rigid, puncture proof containers that are properly labeled or color coded.
Cleanliness
Basis of aseptic technique
Four Separate traffic/control dress code requirements
Biohazard = Areas may be contaminated from using equipment, utensils and instruments. PPE is required Unrestricted = Areas include normal traffic areas Semi-restricted = Areas include peripheral support areas to the or, such as CS clean assembly and storage areas. Surgical Srub and hair coverings are required. Restricted = Areas are those where sterile procedures are preformed. Surgical Scrub, hair coverings and masks are required.
Central Service Temperature, Humidity and Air Exchange Requirments
Clean/ Sterile Storage Temp. 75f or lower or 24c or lower Humidity less than 70 percent Air Exchange 4 per hour
Central Service Temperature, Humidity and Air Exchange Requirements
Decontamination 60F to 65F or 16C to 18C humidity is 30 to 60 percent air exchanges are 10 per hour
CS Requirement Review
Decontamination Surgical Scrubs and OSHA required PPE Clean Assembly and Sterile Storage Surgical Scrubs and hair covering Operating Room Surgical Scrubs, Hair covering, masks Non restricted hallways and offices Regular Street attire
Bloodborne Pathogens Standard
Disposal of all sharp items in rigid, puncture proof containers that can be sealed.
15 seconds
During handwashing, hands should be lathered and scrubbed for at least
2 million
Each year approximately how many patients develop a health care infection
Infection prevention and controls goals of CSP
Eliminate and destroy all potentially infectious contaminants present on reuseable instruments and equipment Safely distribute reusable and single-use items required for the delivery of patient care. Establish and enforce standards for decontamination, disinfection and sterilization in various healthcare settings.
OSHA
Following Standard Precations protocols is required by
Microorganisms
Forms of life which are too small to see with the naked eye. Bacteria, viruses, and fungi are types of microorganisms also called "germs and microbes"
If working or entering the decontamination area one must wear
General purpose utility gloves. A fluid resistant covering with sleeves. Full face protection. Shoe covers.
OSHA provided the BLOODBORNE PATHOGENS STANDARD in 1991
In response to concerns and recognizing the potential for occupational exposure to bloodborne diseases such as hep b and c and HIV.
Fomites
Inanimate objects that can transmit bacteria
Infection
Invasion of human body tissue by microorganisms which multiply and produce a reaction.
Washing hands with soap and water or using an alcohol based hand rub (Hand Hygiene
Is the most important procedure to prevent and control transmission of microorganisms from one person to another or from one site to another.
Five Basic Principles of Asepsis
Know what is Dirty Know what is clean Know what is sterile Keep the three conditions seperate Remedy contamination readily
Principles of asepsis
Know what is dirty, know what is clean, know what is sterile and remedy contamination
Two types of aseptic techniques
Medical asepsis Surgical asepsis
Standard Precautions
Method of using appropriate barriers to prevent transmission of infectious organisms from contact with blood and all other body fluids, non-intact skin, and mucous membrane. It applies to all patients, regardless of diagnosis or presumes infectious status.
Shoe Covers
Necessary to protect shoes from becoming wet and contaminated during cleaning procedures.
Decontamination Area
Negative Air Flow
Examples of contaminated items
OR instruments, used linens and suction machines
Bloodborne Pathogens Standard
Observance of Standard Precautions All patients should be considered infected with bloodborne diseases.
Bloodborne Pathogens Standard
PPE must be available in appropriate sizes, and at no cost to employees.
The main theory of Standard Precautions
Patients may pose a risk of infection whether they have been diagnosed with an infectious disease or not
Bloodborne Pathogens Standard
Physically removing the hazard and developing of work practice controls (policies and procedures) to prevent occupational exposure and transmission of bloodbourne pathogens.
Clean Area
Positive Air Flow
Central Service Temperature, Humidity and Air Exchange Requirements
Preparation and Packaging Temp. 68f to 73f or 20c to 23 c Humidity 30 to 60 percent Air exchanges 10 per hour
Asepsis Surgical Sterile Technique
Procedures performed to eliminate the presence of all microorganisms, and or to prevent the introduction of microorganisms to an area Examples sterilization of instruments, OR techniques which prevent contamination of sterile instruments and supplies
Asepsis Medical Clean Technique
Procedures performed to reduce the number of microorganisms to minimize their spread Ex. hand washing and decontamination
Bloodborne Pathogens Standard
Provision of a clean and sanitary working environment including scheduled cleaning using a hospital germicide (disinfectant) approved by the EPA>
Bloodborne Pathogens Standard
Provisions for medial evaluations and treatment when an employee experiences an exposure incident.
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE
Specialized clothing or equipment worn by an employee for protection against a hazard.
aspesis
The absence of microorganisms that cause disease is called
asepsis
The absence of microorganisms that cause disease.
Traffic Control
The first step in maintaining environmental integrity is to control that enters and passes thru Central Service. ie/ dress code is very important. Outside visitors can either wear scrubs or paper scrubs, depending on facility requirements.
Bloodborne Pathogens Standard
The need to maintain medical as well as training records.
Bloodborne Pathogens Standard
The provision of hep b vaccine at no cost.
General purpose utility gloves
These provide the hands with a protective barrier, and prevent contamination when handling applicable items.
epidemiologically significant microorganisms
Those that most often spread disease.
Fluid Resistant Gowns
To protect themselves from splashes and spills, Central Service Tech assigned to the decontamination area should wear
Primary purpose of Central Service Dept.
To stop the spread of disease-producing microorganisms to the healthcare facility.
Restricted
Traffic Control/Dress Code requirements that apply to the OR
Bloodborne Pathogens Standard
Training upon hire and annually thereafter.
Bloodborne Pathogens Standard
Use of BIOHAZARD labels to identify contaminated items or regulated waste that may be stored or transported in refrigerators, freezers or other containers. Labels are not required when using red bags or containers.
housekeeping
a vital component in the department's overall infrection prevention and control process.
Bloodborne Pathogens Standard
a written EXPOSURE CONTROL PLAN. (the plan) that summarizes the employer's programs for protection of workers from occupational exposure to bloodborne disease. The plan must be reviewed annually and updated whenever new tasks or procedures affecting occupational exposures are instituted.
Work Flow
designed to avoid cross- contamination and insure that items efficiently flow through the process from decontamination to storage.
Common Fomites
door handles, computer pads and keyboards, telephones and other items routinely handled by several people.
Departmental Dress Codes apply to
everyone entering the Central Service Department
wet-mopped daily
floors in the Central Service Department should be
Detergent Disinfectant
kills or prevents the growth of any microorganisms that have not been removed by washing
The presence of water allows
passage of microorganisms
Sterile Packaging
referred to as barrier packaging
Washing physically
removes soil and most microorganisms
Absence of microbes can be obtained by
use of steam, dry heat, ethylene oxzide, or other sterilization methods including peracetic acid, irradiation, ozone, and vapor phase hydrogen peroxide
they harbor bacteria
watches and jewelry should not be worn in the Central Service department or work areas because :
Fluid resistant covering with sleeves
A covering such as a jumpsuit, backless gown, or apron. Made of fluid resistant material to prevent contamination of clothing and to protect CST skin from exposure to blood and body fluids. Arms should be completely covered.
The basic attire worn by Central Service Technicians
A facility-issued scrub uniform Hair covering the covers all head and facial hair except eyebrows and eyelashes. Shoes with non skid soles
Full Face Protection
A full length face shield or combo of googles and mask as a protective barriers during cleaning procedures to prevent mucous membrane exposure from splashes, sprays and aerosolized contaminated fluids.
Fomite
AN inanimate object that can transmit bacteria
Sterility
Absence of all miscrobes
