Chapter 6 integumentary system

_________ Layers of keratinocytes comprise the stratum granulosum.

3 to 5

Keratinocytes of the epidermis are usually present for about___________week(s)

4 weeks or one month.

Melanin

A pigment that gives the skin its color

comedo

A sebaceous gland plugged with sebum.

2 major regions of the dermis

A superficial papillary layer and a deeper reticular layer.

cutaneous membrane

A term skin is known by

Scientifically, thinning of the hair on the scalp is called ______________.

Alopecia

A hemangioma is a congenital anomaly that results in skin discoloration due to __________________ That proliferate and form a benign tumor.

Blood vessels

integumentary system

Consists of the skin and it's derivatives: nails, hair, sweat glands, and sebaceous (oil) glands.

Nails are derived from the same type of cells that produce a Stratum ________________ layer of the epidermis.

Corneum

In addition to keratinocytes, the stratum spinosum also contains another epidermal cell type called epidermal ______________ cells which helped to fight infection.

Dendritic cells

The epidermal ridges interdigitate with the __________________.

Dermal papillae

The dermis of the skin has an extensive innervation, which refers to the _______________.

Distribution of nerve fibers

Apocrine and merocrine sweat glands release their secretory products by the process of ______________.

Exocitosis

Nodule

Extends into the deep layer and ruptured the hair follicle wall which can be prone to scarring.

Ceruminous Glands are modified sweat glands located only in the ______________.

External acoustic meatus (ear canal)

A function of cerumen is to lubricate the _______________.

External acoustic meatus and eardrum.

Differences in skin pigmentation are due to varying numbers of melanocytes within each individual.

False.

Pustule

Filled with a mix of white blood cells, dead skin cells, and bacteria (pus).

Friction bridges on the tips of the fingers are known as

Fingerprints

merocrine sweat glands

Function in thermal regulation and excretion.

In the layer of the epidermis called the stratum ______________ , the process of keratinization begins.

Granulosum

Melanocytes

Have Long branch and processes and are scattered among the keratinocytes of the stratum basale. They produce and store the pigment melanin.

When ________________ binds oxygen, it exhibits a bright red color, giving blood vessels in the dermis a reddish tint that is most easily observed in the skin of lightly pigmented individuals.

Hemoglobin

Epidermis

Is a keratinized, stratified squamous epithelium.

Hair

Is found almost everywhere on the body except the palms of the hands in Palmer surface of the fingers the side and soles of the feet and toes the lips and portions of the external genitalia.

Mammary glands only become functional in

Lactating and pregnant females

Cyst

Large, fluid filled nodule that can become inflamed and painful and can lead to scarring of the skin.

Sebaceous glands

Lipid material called sebum.

At the nail root and the proximal end of the nail body, the nail but thickens to form the nail _____________.

Matrix

The color of hair is the result of ____________.

Melanin production

You accidentally cut your fingernail too far, causing a sharp pain and some bleeding. Which part of your nail was injured?

Nail bed

During the process of keratinization, the cells ________________ and organelles of the cells disintegrate and the cells start to die.

Nucleus

The _________________ layer of the dermis contains areolar connective tissue and dermal papillae.

Papillary

In anatomy, a single hair is also called a(n) _____________.

Pilus

The apocrine sweat glands become active and produce secretory products during _______________.

Puberty

The __________________ of The dermis forms the deeper, major portions of the dermis and extends from the papillary layer to the underlying subcutaneous layer.

Reticular layer

Sebaceous glands are activated primarily by ______________ during puberty in both sexes.

Sex hormones

Merocrine sweat glands are classified as ______________ glands that release their secretion into the surface of the skin.

Simple, coiled, tubular

After a stem cell divides in Stratum basale, the resulting daughter cell enters the stratum _______________ and it begins to lose its ability to divide.

Spinosum

Subcutaneous layer

Stabilizes the position of the skin and binds it to underlying structures.

The integument consists of the epidermis, which is composed of ______________, and the dermis, which is composed primarily of ______________ connective tissue.

Stratified squamous epithelium Dense irregular

In which way do sweat glands function in homeostasis?

Temperature regulation

stratum basale

The deepest epidermal layer also known as the stratum germinative or basal layer.

Collagen

The predominate type of protein fiber found in the dermis.

Keratinocytes

They are the most abundant cell type in the epidermis and are found throughout all epidermal strata.

All people, of all skin tones, have about the same number of melanocytes.

True

In children, ______________ is the primary human hair and Is found on most of the body.

Vellus

Which of the following is not found in thick skin

hair follicles

apocrine sweat glands

secrete proteins and lipids

Integument

the skin that covers your body

dermatology

the study and treatment of the integumentary system

tactile cells (merkel cells)

touch sensations

The connective tissue fibers of the _________________ layer of the dermis are extensively interwoven with those of the _______________ layer to stabilize the position of the skin and bind it to the underlying tissues.

1. Reticular layer 2. Subcutaneous layer

Terminal hair is a type of hair that grows on the _____________, and it's also the hair of ____________and eyebrows, the axilla, and the pubic region. In men it also grows on the face.

1. Scalp 2. Eyelashes

When part of the skin is too severely damaged or its cells left the capacity to divide, the body fills in the gap with ______________ tissue. This process is known as ______________.

1. Scar 2. Fibrosis

The secretions of sebaceous glands, called _______________ is usually deposited into a _________________.

1. Sebum 2. Hair follicle

The integumentary system consists of 2 distinct layers.

1. Stratified squamous epithelium called the epidermis. 2. A deeper layer of both areolar and adipose connective tissue called the subcutaneous layer (hypodermics).

The 5 layers (strata) of the epidermis

1. Stratum básale 2. Stratum spinosum 3. Stratum granulosum 4. Stratum lucidum ( found in thick skin only) 5. Stratum corneum

The skin houses two types of general exocrine glands, which are ____________ glands and ____________ glands.

1. Sweat 2. Sebaceous

The dermis is _________________to the epidermis, and contains primarily ______________.

1. Deep (ranges from 0.5 mm-3.0 mm thick) 2. Collagen fibers

The two distinct layers of the integument consist of a layer of stratified squamous epithelium called the ________________and a deeper layer of areolar And dense irregular connective tissue called the ________________.

1. Epidermis 2. Dermis

The three recognizable zones along the length of the hair are _______________?

1. Hair bulb 2. Root 3. Shaft

When the skin has been damaged, which integumentary system components are NOT repaired?

1. Hair follicles 2. Exocrine glands 3. Nerves 4. Arrector pili muscle cells

Which are the functions of the skin?

1. Heat regulation 2. Barrier to water loss

During our lives we produce three kinds of hair: _________________, _________________, and _________________ hair.

1. Lanugo 2. Vellus 3. Terminal hair

The first three strata of the epidermis consist of _________________ keratinocytes in the most superficial strata contain ________________ keratinocytes.

1. Living 2. Dead

The two types of sweat glands in the skin are _______________ sweat glands and _______________ sweat glands.

1. Merocrine 2. Apocrine

Cavernous hemangiomas, sometimes called _____________ stains, involve large dermal _____________ and may last a lifetime.

1. Port wine 2. Blood vessels

Functions of the hair

1. Protection 2. Heat retention 3. Sensory reception 4. Visual identification

In what to ways are damaged skin tissues normally repaired?

1. Regeneration 2. Fibrosis

The subcutaneous layer of hypodermis is made up of two types of connective tissue: _________________ and _________________.

1. Areolar 2. Adipose connective tissue

The net effect of vasoconstriction of the dermal blood vessels is a shunting of blood ______________from the periphery of the body to ____________heat.

1. Away 2. Conserve

In thin and thick skin, the layers that contain living cells are the stratum ___________________, stratum ___________________, and stratum ___________________.

1. Basale 2. Spinosum 3. Granulosum

In the dermis of the skin, _____________ fibers impart tensile strength while _______________ fibers allow some stretch.

1. Collagen 2. Elastic

The specific orientation of _____________ fiber bundles in the dermis is a result of the direction of applied ________________during routine movements.

1. Collagen 2. Stress

The cells of a hair follicles walls are organized into two principal concentric layers: an outer _______________ tissue route sheath and an inner _______________ tissue root sheath.

1. Connective 2. Epithelial