Chapter 6 Psych Quiz

The capacity of short-term memory is _____ items.

5 to 9

In the 1960s, psychologist _____ showed that participants could recall 76 percent of the letters briefly flashed on a screen. The findings from his study indicate that partial report performance _____ whole report performance.

Sperling; exceeded

Of the three general memory processes mentioned at the outset of this chapter, the hippocampus is probably LEAST involved in

retrieval

Psychologists' understanding of the brain areas involved in memory is founded in large part on in-depth studies of individual patients such as Clive Wearing and Henry Molaison (H.M.). These examples highlight the importance of the _____ method in psychological research

case study

Deep processing is to shallow processing as _____ is to _____.

elaborative rehearsal; maintenance rehearsal

The textbook states that "people with retrograde amnesia generally remember who they are and the most important events of their earlier lives." This sentence suggests that some _____ memories are preserved in cases of retrograde amnesia

episodic

With respect to memory, hippocampus is to cerebellum as ______ is to _____.

explicit; implicit

Recall test is to recognition test as _____ is to _____.

fill-in-the-blank; multiple choice

"It's like riding a bike; once you know how, you never forget." This saying suggests that procedural memory does not require conscious recall; that is, procedural memory is:

implicit

Walking past a classroom's open door, Michael overhears an instructor say, "In the next unit, we will explore how information is collected, stored, and retrieved for later use." Michael realizes that the next unit must be about:

memory

Jonah met a number of new people at a party last night. However, he can only remember the two or three people he met as he was leaving. Jonah's experience illustrates the _____ effect.

recency

In the _____ effect, the last items in a list are better-remembered than the middle items in a list

receny

The visuospatial sketchpad is to the phonological loop as _____ is to _____

visual; verbal

As Trent reads a textbook, he actively integrates sentences with the memory representation of earlier sentences that he is maintaining in memory. Trent's active processing is taking place in _____ memory

working

Baddeley is associated with

working memory.

The phonological loop permits the rehearsal of about _____ seconds of verbal material without repetition.

2

In a phenomenon called infantile amnesia, most adults cannot remember events before the age of _____ years

3

One uses _____ rehearsal when one deliberately repeats information to oneself to keep it alive in short-term memory

maintenance

How are the cerebellum and amygdala involved in memory?

The cerebellum and amygdala are both involved in implicit memory.

Which statement BEST contrasts the prefrontal cortex with the remainder of the cortex regarding their roles in memory?

The prefrontal cortex is essential for retrieval, while the rest of the cortex is involved in storage

Two brain areas involved in the formation of implicit memories are the _____ and the _____.

amygdala; cerebellum

Among both animals and humans, physical exercise appears linked to each of the following EXCEPT:

an increase in amyloid plaques.

Shane needs to learn a long list of biology terms. Shane increases his short-term memory capacity by composing a few sentences, each containing several of the terms. Shane is using a strategy called:

chunking.

Research with the sea slug Aplysia has contributed to psychologists' understanding of not only long-term potentiation, but also:

classical conditioning

In Godden and Baddeley's (1975) pioneering "scuba diver" study of the encoding specificity principle, participants were asked to recall all the words they could remember from the encoding condition. Recall accuracy is a(n) _____ variable in this study

dependent

The similarity between the learning context and retrieval context influences memory. This is known as the _____ principle.

encoding specificity

When the room is empty, Frankie studies her art history notes in the lecture hall where she attends class. Frankie is capitalizing on the ____ principle

encoding specificity

When Mandy types sentences in a document that she will later save on her laptop's hard drive, her action is analogous to the human memory process called:

encoding.

Ebbinghaus's forgetting curve may be described as _____ sloped and _____ accelerating

negatively; negatively

In the _____ effect, the first items in a list are better-remembered than the middle items in a list.

primacy

Before brain injury/damage is to after brain injury/damage as _____ amnesia is to _____ amnesia.

retrograde; anterograde

The primacy and recency effects are both components of the _____ effect

serial position

Saving a file on a computer's hard drive is analogous to the human memory process of:

storage

Tanner's study partner asks him, "Which German physiologist is associated with the trichromatic theory of color vision?"; "Um . . . von . . . von . . . I know it! 'H' something . . . ," Tanner manages. Tanner is experiencing:

the tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon.