Chapter 6 questions
What was the lasting result of the Declaration of Independence?
"All men are created equal" becomes a battle cry for equality
George Washington
- Commanded the Patriot forces in key battles
Information about the Battle of Trenton
- December 26, 1776 - Washington led 2,400 men in surprise attack - The victory lifted morale, and many Hessian mercenaries were captured
Baron von Steuben
- Helped train the continental army
Information about the Battle of Saratoga
- turning point - led to foreign support, French joined Americans
Draw a timeline placing Major events in the correct order. Major battles and treaty and declaration
1775 Battle of Lexington and Concord Bunker Hill- First major battle where colonist showed that they could fight a war with the British Declaration of Independence Washington retreats from New York Washington Wins at Trenton Gates forces Burgoyne's surrender at Saratoga Battle of Yorktown Treaty of Paris Signed 1783
What was Lee's Resolution?
A statement that proclaimed that the colonies should be free and led to the Declaration of Independence
Well was the Treaty of Paris approved?
April 15, 1783
Who was a known traitor in the Revolutionary war?
Benedict Arnold
Results of the American Revolution
Britain agreed that the US was an independent country with established borders - The US promised to restore rights and property taken from Loyalists (didn't really happen)
What was the 2nd main point of the Crisis?
Britain is not that tough, they got beat by a woman
Who was the audience of the Declaration of Independence?
British Parliament
What is the first section of the Declaration?
Declaration of natural rights. - "We hold these truths to be self-evident that all men are created equal" - People's rights can't be taken away(did they mean all people?) - The government must protect people's rights - When the government fails to protect people's rights, the people should change or replace the government
Benedict Arnold
Early in the war Arnold fought bravely for the Patriots. Arnold thought that congress undervalued him so he chose to change his allegiance to Britain. Benedict was passed over for many positions in the Revolution and he married a woman whose family were strong loyalists. He planned to make West Point a key British fort on the Hudson river
The expectation that females educate their sons increased...
Education opportunities
The British offered enslaved Africans Americans ____________ in exchange for fighting for their side
Freedom
What was the 1st main point of The Crisis?
God is on our side because we are right
What military tactics did the Americans use that the British were not used to?
Guerilla warfare, small groups of soldiers that perform hit and run attacks
Nathan Hale
Hale was a Connecticut officer that was a spy and was caught behind the enemy lines in New York trying to get plans of the British army. When on the gallows about to be hanged he was quoted as saying, "I only regret that I have but one life to lose for my country."
In your answer document, identify two ideas from the Enlightenment that influenced the Declaration of Independence.
Humanity is only governed by laws of nature; man has right to life, liberty, and property (natural rights). There is a natural social contract that binds the people and their government together; the people have a responsibility to their government, and their government likewise has a responsibility to its people. No one group having sole power social contract "general will" - government acts for the majority, government comes from the consent of the governed
What was Thomas Paine's signature writing technique?
Hyperbole
Marquis de Lafayette
In the American Revolution, Lafayette served as a major-general in the Continental Army under George Washington. He blocked troops led by Cornwallis at Yorktown while the armies of Washington and those sent by King Louis XVI under the command of General de Rochambeau, Admiral Grasse, and Admiral de Latouche Tréville prepared for battle against the British. Marquis de Lafayette there when Cornwallis surrendered. -A high ranking officer from France who volunteered to help Americans - Helped Washington win key battles - Was like Washington's son
What was the significance of Trenton, NJ?
In the Battle professional, hired German soldiers, Hessians, were defeated by Washington's Army. Washington fearing defections were going to happen soon. He attacked the day after Christmas crossing the Delaware River in the middle of the night. The victory was a morale boost and needed to convince soldiers to reenlist after the first of the year.
What is the Significance of 1776?
It is the year the American colonies declared independence from Britain
Describe the Declaration and its parts?
It severed ties with the British. The Break up letter. It had four parts: • Preamble- reasons for writing the Declaration • Protection of natural rights- using ideas from the Enlightenment, the document states that all men are born with certain unalienable rights. It also states that if a government denies those rights the citizens have the right to overthrow the government. • Grievances against the King- Lists the rights the king violated and the petitions he ignored. • Declaring independence- for what is stated above we are declaring independence. (Breaking UP)
Name things fundamental to the U.S. Declaration of Independence
John Locke's natural rights and right to rebel- Two Treatises on Government Rousseau's The Social Contract, Legitimate power comes from the people
How long did the Revolutionary war last?
Lexington and Concord April 18, 1775- April 15, 1783 Treaty of Paris
What is the 2nd section of the Declaration?
List of grievances. - The colonists must have the right to representation
What are tories?
Loyalists
Who is the author of the Declaration of Independence?
Mostly Thomas Jefferson
What is a loyalist?
One who is or remains loyal especially to a political cause, party, government, or sovereign (king). Patriot? One who is or remains loyal especially to a political cause, party, government, or sovereign, in our case loyal to the American government. Did all people want independence? Many members of the First Continental Congress opposed declaring independence because they believed reconciliation with Great Britain was still possible
What are Whigs?
Patriots
What was the importance of Common Sense?
People were inspired by it
What kind of government was established in the United States?
Representative Democracy
What is the 3rd section of the Declaration?
Resolution for Independence. - The colonists say they are free, independent states
Which group of people was "all men are created equal" really talking about?
Rich, white, men
Who wrote "That these United Colonies are, and of Right ought to be Free and Independent States; that they are Absolved from all Allegiance to the British Crown, and that all political connection between them and the State of Great Britain, is ought to be totally dissolved"
Richard Henry Lee
What was the significance of Saratoga and who was involved? What resulted from Saratoga?
Saratoga was the turning point of the war. Horatio Gates and Benedict Arnold were American commanders. The British we read by General Burgoyne. After this significant lopsided victory for the Americans, other foreign countries joined the war effort on the side of the Americans. Friedrich von Steuben, Thaddeus Kosciusko, Marquis de Lafayette, and many troops came to America to fight with the colonists
What were the 3 most important battles in the American Revolution?
Saratoga- it was a turning point in the war Trenton- raised soldier's morale (Washington crossing the Delaware) Yorktown- Last Battle of the war, Cornwallis surrenders
What was the importance of the Treaty of Paris?
Saved the U.S. from losing the war
What grievances did the colonists list in the Declaration that they had against the king?
That the colonists were being taxed without having Representation in Parliament. They were not receiving fair Jury Trials. Ignored petitions sent to him.
How did the Declaration and American Revolution have an effect on the world outside North America?
The American Declaration and Revolution inspired French citizens to rebel against their government and later revolutions in Latin America.
What was the main reason for the American Revolution?
The Americans had no opinion in Parliament, taxation without representation
What document is this passage from... "Tyranny, like hell, is not easily conquered; yet we have this consolation with us, that the harder the conflict, the more glorious the triumph. What we obtain too cheap, we esteem too lightly; it is dearness only that gives everything its value"
The Crisis by Thomas Paine
What was the official end of the American Revolution?
The Treaty of Paris, 1783
Richard Henry Lee
The Virginian delegate that proposed the resolution for independence
Where did French Ships chase away the British?
The Yorktown peninsula
Where did the Ideas included in the Declaration come from?
The enlightenment thinker John Locke who believed that the government derives its power from the people and that people have God given rights they are not given by the king (Divine right of kings)
What was the Treaty of Paris? What did it call for? Were all stipulations followed?
The three American negotiators, John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, and John Jay, proved themselves to be masters of the game, outmaneuvering their counterparts and clinging fiercely to the points of national interest that guaranteed a future for the United States. Two crucial provisions of the treaty were British recognition of U.S. independence and the delineation of boundaries that would allow for American western expansion. Loyalists were also to get property back but often this was not done by the Americans
Who is the author of The Crisis?
Thomas Paine
Who wrote Common Sense?
Thomas Paine
Who was Thomas Paine? What contributions did he make to the Revolutionary cause?
Thomas Paine was an author that called the King a "royal brute" and ridiculed the rule of kings. He wrote Common Sense, a 50 page pamphlet, which was designed to create support for independence. He also wrote the Crisis which was designed to build morale among the continental army. Is Starts by saying "These are the times that try men's souls....", Washington had this read to his men to increase morale.
What was Thomas Jefferson's contribution to the second continental Congress?
Thomas was a delegate from the state of Virginia. He was on the committee of five responsible for producing the Declaration of Independence. He is the noted author of the Declaration writing the draft that was changed little.
What was the purpose of The Crisis?
To persuade colonists to join America in its revolution against Britain. Raise morale of the patriots
What was the purpose of the Declaration of Independence?
To state their reasons for separating from Britain
What was the 3rd main point of the Crisis?
Tories are selfish, cowards and will be easy to beat
John Paul Jones
Was a naval officer that is famous participating in a battle off the coast of England with the Serapis a larger British battleship. Though his ship was in tatters he vowed' "I have not yet begun to fight." In the end his ship defeated the mighty British warship.
How was it that the Americans won a war against a far superior fighting force?
• Patriotic Spirit- A reason to fight, a new nation, risking life for independence • Geography- Knew the land better than the soldiers from across the Atlantic • Skilled leadership- though Washington faced a lot of criticism from congress his men in the army loved and were willing to do anything for him. • Help from abroad- Leaders like Lafayette, von Steuben, money from Spain and the Netherlands and troops and navy from France
