Chapter 6: The Integumentary System
Stratum spinosum
Accounts for most of the epidermis
Sebaceous gland
Acne is an infection of the sebaceous gland. Found everywhere on the body except palms of hands and soles of feet. Gland that secretes and quietly substance
Sebum
And oily secretion that helps to waterproof the body surface
Epidermis
Avascular region. General name of the entire superficial layer of the skin
Some injections and hurt more than others. On the basis of what you have learned about skin structure, can you determine why this is so?
Because hypodermic needles go down further into the skin where there are more nerve cells
Stratum corneum
Dead cells, outermost epidermal layer.
Which layer of the skin or follicles usually found?
Dermis
Melanin
Epidermal pigment
Order of larger skin groups (from outside in)
Epidermis, dermis, hypodermis/subcutaneous
Why is it advantageous to have pain receptors that are sensitive to all vigorous stimuli, whether heat, cold, or pressure?
Example: the back of your hand is less sensitive to heat, so in fires you touch the back of your hand to a door knob and it wont be awful
Which two body areas tested were the least sensitive to touch?
Forearm and back of neck
Keratin
Hard protein of nails and hair
Nail
Has a lunula and cuticle
Stratum granulosum
Layer containing sacks filled with fatty material or keratin subunits, epidermal region exhibiting the most mitoses
Dermis
Major skin area where derivatives (nails and hair) reside, has abundant elastic collogenic fibers. Inner layer of skin
Which cells produce the pigment and hair?
Melanocytes
Eccrine sweat gland
More numerous variety of perspiration gland that produces a secreation containing water, salt, and vitamin C; activated by rise in temperature.
Which two body areas tested were most sensitive to touch?
Palms and fingertips
Hair
Primarily dead/keratinized cells
Arrector pili muscle
Specialized structures that respond to environmental stimuli. Example: causes hair to stand erect and enables goosebumps.
Order of skin structure (from outer layer to inside)
Stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, stratum basale. CLGSB
Hair follicle
Structure that houses the hair. Sheath formed of both epithelial and connective tissues. Tubelike part that contains the root of the hair
How does the skin help to regulate body temperature?
Sweating to cool down, and goosebumps to warm up
Define adaptation of sensory receptors
The decline of the electric responses of a receptor neuron over time in spite of the continued presence of an appropriated stimulus of constant strength. Example: balancing a penny on your arm and forgetting it is there
Stratum basale
The most superficial dermis layer, region where melanocytes are most likely to be found. Cell division and deepest layer of epidermis
What organ system controls the activity of the eccrine sweat glands?
The nervous system
How does the skin on your palm differ from that of the back of your hand?
The palm has a thicker lucidum layer making it thick skin. The back of your hand is a thin skin with a thin lucidum layer.
Pain receptors do not adapt, why is this important?
They always process paying the same way so your body knows it's in danger
Apocrine sweat gland
Type of perspiration producing glands that produce is the secretion containing proteins and fats in addition to water and salts. Becomes active at puberty
What substance is manufactured in the skin (not a secretion) to play a role elsewhere in the body?
Vitamin D
Four protective functions of the skin
Waterproof, protection from UC raise, regulation of body temperature, healing of wounds