Chapter 6
Which of the following are products of cellular respiration?
energy to make ATP and carbon dioxide
What is the correct general equation for cellular respiration?
C6H12O6 + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + ATP energy
The overall equation for the cellular respiration of glucose is
C6H12O6 + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + energy.
Which of the following statements regarding the movement of electrons during cellular respiration is true?
O2 is reduced when it accepts electrons and forms water.
Recent data suggests that heat-generating brown fat is most active in __________.
lean people exposed to cold temperatures
The processes of photosynthesis and cellular respiration are complementary. During these energy conversions, some energy is
lost in the form of heat.
The electron transport chain is a series of electron carrier molecules. In eukaryotes, where can this structure be found?
mitochondria
In what organelle would you find acetyl CoA formation, the citric acid cycle, and the electron transport chain?
mitochondrion
Cellular respiration accomplishes two major processes: (1) it breaks glucose down into smaller molecules, and (2) it harvests the chemical energy released and stores it in ATP molecules. By the end of _____, the breakdown of glucose is complete; most ATP molecules are produced during _____.
the Citric Acid cycle ... electron transport
The functioning of an electron transport chain is analogous to
a Slinky toy going down a flight of stairs.
Which of the following processes takes place in the cytosol of a eukaryotic cell? glycolysis ATP production by ATP synthase acetyl CoA formation citric acid cycle electron transport chain
glycolysis
Select the correct sequence of steps as energy is extracted from glucose during cellular respiration.
glycolysis → acetyl CoA → citric acid cycle → electron transport chain
Cellular respiration completely breaks down a glucose molecule through glycolysis and the citric acid cycle. However, these two processes yield only a few ATPs. The majority of the energy the cell derives from glucose is _____.
found in NADH and FADH2
When a cell uses fatty acids for aerobic respiration, it first hydrolyzes fats to
glycerol and fatty acids.
Which part(s) of cellular respiration take(s) place in the mitochondria?
the Citric Acid cycle and the electron transport chain
Most NADH molecules generated during cellular respiration are produced during __________.
the citric acid cycle
Sunlight is essential for the varied life on Earth. Sunlight provides energy to photosynthetic organisms by providing __________.
the energy necessary to power the rearrangement of chemical bonds in H2O and CO2
In the first stage of cellular respiration (glycolysis), two molecules of pyruvate are produced. In the remaining stages of cellular respiration, a number of additional products are produced, such as __________. These other stages occur in the __________.
ATP ... mitochondria
What is the role of oxygen in cellular respiration?
Oxygen accepts high-energy electrons after they are stripped from glucose.
Which statement describes the citric acid cycle?
This process produces some ATP and carbon dioxide in the mitochondrion.
A molecule that functions as the electron donor in a redox reaction __________.
loses electrons and becomes oxidized
As a result of glycolysis, there is a net gain of ________ ATP(s).
2
How many molecules of NADH are produced during glycolysis?
2
Substrate-level phosphorylation directly generates ATP during a chemical reaction. As a single molecule of glucose is completely oxidized in the presence of oxygen, how many molecules of ATP are made by substrate-level phosphorylation?
4 ATP
In cellular respiration, which of the following outcomes is the result of electrons moving through the electron transport chain (or its components)?
A proton gradient is formed.
DNP is a chemical that has been used by people to lose weight. However, it is a dangerous option and has caused several people to die. DNP works in a fashion similar to that of brown fat. Based on this information, how would DNP cause weight loss and death?
DNP must increase metabolism of food by producing heat instead of ATP.
We inhale O2 and we exhale CO2. Carbon dioxide is produced _____.
In the reaction that creates acetyl CoA (coenzyme A) from pyruvate
The end products of glycolysis include
NADH
What is the ultimate fate of the electrons that are stripped from glucose during cellular respiration?
They are used to form water.
Each turn of the citric acid cycle generates one ATP and ___ additional energy-rich molecules: __________.
four; 3 NADH and 1 FADH2
During cellular respiration, the energy in glucose
is carried by electrons.
Glycolysis is the only stage of cellular respiration that _____.
requires ATP to make ATP
Where do the reactions of the citric acid cycle occur in eukaryotic cells?
the mitochondrion
The enzyme ATP synthase catalyzes the phosphorylation of ADP to form ATP. In eukaryotic cells, the energy needed for this endergonic reaction is derived from _____.
the movement of hydrogen ions across the mitochondrial membrane
As electrons move through the mitochondrial space,
the pH of the intermembrane space decreases.
Pyruvate
forms at the end of glycolysis.
The electron transport chain is, in essence, a series of redox reactions that conclude cellular respiration. During these redox reactions, _____.
NADH is oxidized, which then reduces an electron acceptor in the electron transport chain
NADH pills can be purchased over the counter and are often taken by sufferers of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). How might these pills benefit a CFS patient?
They would increase the number of electrons provided to the electron transport chain.
Which statement describes glycolysis?
This process splits glucose in half and produces 2 ATPs for each glucose.
Which statement describes the electron transport chain?
This process uses energy captured from electrons flowing to oxygen to produce most of the ATPs in cellular respiration.
NADH and FADH 2 are important in cellular respiration because they deliver high-energy electrons to the electron transport system. Electron transport produces _____ ATP molecule(s) per NADH molecule and _____ ATP molecules(s) per FADH 2 molecule.
three ... two
In electron transport, high-energy electrons "fall" to oxygen through a series of reactions. The energy released is used to _____.
transport protons into the intermembrane space of the mitochondria, where they become concentrated. They then flow back out into the the inner compartment (matrix) of the mitochodria. On the way back, protons turn ATP synthase turbines and produce ATP.
During fermentation, __________ that was produced during glycolysis is converted back to __________.
NADH; NAD+
In fermentation, ________ is ________.
NADH; oxidized
The function of coenzyme A in the citric acid cycle is most like
a limousine driver dropping off a couple at the school prom.
Using the ATP generated during cellular respiration, the intermediates of glycolysis and the citric acid cycle, such as pyruvate and acetyl CoA, can be siphoned off and used to __________.
build amino acids, fats, and sugars
During redox reactions,
electrons are lost from one substance and added to another substance.
