Chapter 6 Vitamins, Minerals, and Herbs
Minerals
1. Inorganic elements essential to the body
Whole milk, eggs, liver, vegetable oils, fish
10. List at least five food sources for fat soluble vitamins. (pg 162-163)
Retinol(A),Cholecalciferol(D),Tocepherol(E),K
11. Name the fat soluble vitamins. (pg 162-163)
Potassium
12. Both a deficiency and an excess of which mineral cause cardiac abnormalities? (pg 166)
Hypovitaminosis
2. Condition resulting from a diet lacking in vitamins
0.3
25. The physician orders cyanocobalamin (vitamin B12) 30 mcg subcutaneously daily. Available is 100 mcg/mL. Prepare to administer _________ mL to your patient.
0.25
26. The physican orders phytonadione (vitamin K) 0.5 mg intramuscularly daily. Available is 2 mg/mL. You will administer _________mL to your patient.
4
27. The physician orders potassium chloride (K-dur) 40 mEq orally bid. Available are 10 mEq tablets. You will give __________ tablets to your patient.
1
28. The physician orders ferrous sulfate (Feosol) 325 mg orally daily. Available are 325 mg tablets. You will give ________ tablets to your patient.
0.52
29. The physician orders calcium carbonate (Caltrate) 650 mg orally daily. Available are 1250 mg tablets. Prepare to give ________ tablets to your patient.
Vitamins
3. Organic substances essential for normal metabolism
Pokeroot
30. Which of the following unsafe herbs is fatal to children? (pg 170) A. Germander B. Comfrey C. Pokeroot D. Calamus
Tylenol, Haldol, Cognex
31. Name three prescription drugs that interact with milk thistle. (pg 170) A. Heparin, Ticlid, Coumadin B. Tylenol, Haldol, Cognex C. Allegra, Zoloft, Desyrel D. Paraflex, Parafon Forte, Persantine
Fatigue, weakness, dizziness
32. A patient taking iron complains of which three symptoms of an iron deficiency? (pg 167) A. Fatigue, weakness, dizziness B. Decrease in taste and smell, thirst, confusion C. Bruising, loose teeth, wounds that will not heal D. Cracks in the corner of the mouth, sore tongue, diarrhea
3 cups
33. A patient asks you how many servings of milk are required daily according to MyPlate. What response should you give? (pg 161) A. 2 cups B. 2.5 cups C. 4 cups D. 3 cups
Green leafy vegetables, eggs, milk
34. Which of the following foods are rich in tocopherol (vitamin E)? (pg 163) A. Green leafy vegetables, eggs, milk B. Pork, pasta, liver C. Chicken, yellow fruits, fish D. Potatoes, nuts, meat
Homeostasis
4. State of fluid balance within the body
Ion
5. Particle that carries an electrical charge
RDA
6. The level of intake for essential nutrients considered to be adequate to meet the nutritional needs of healthy individuals is called__________. pg 159
Trace minerals
7. Another name for microminerals is __________ __________. pg 165
USDA
8. MyPlate was developed by the ________ to assist in the buying and preparation of food. (pg 159)
Thiamine(B1),Riboflavin(B2),Niacin(B6), Pyridoxine, Folic acid, Cobalamin(B12),Pantothenic acid, Biotin, Vitamin C
9. Name the water soluble vitamins. (pg 164)
Hypovitaminosis
A condition that results from a diet lacking in vitamins; also know as avitaminosis
Hypervitaminosis
A condition that results from taking large doses of vitamins over a period of time
Ion
A particle that carries an electrical charge
Electrolyte
A solution that carries an electrical charge
copper
An excess in ______ causes headache, dizziness, and gastrointestinal upset.
sodium
An excess in _______ results in hypernatremia, confusion, and fluid retention.
Ephedra
Central nervous system stimulation; anorectic; bronchodilator; cardiac tissue stimulation
Organic
Compounds that contain carbon such as vitamins, carbohydrates, proteins and fats
Inorganic
Compounds that do not contain carbon, such as minerals and water
RDA (Recommended daily allowance)
Daily level of intake for essential nutrients considered to be adequate to meet the nutritional needs of healthy individuals.
folic acid
Fat soluble _______ ________ deficiency causes anemia, fatigue, and sore tongue.
St. Johns Wart
Inhibits uptake of serotonin Uses: mild depression; infections
Minerals
Inorganic elements essential to the body; classified as macrominerals or microminerals
bilberry
Match each use to the correct herb: 21. Improves circulation in the eye (pg 169) a. ginger b. ginseng c. bilberry d. ginkgo biloba
ginger
Match each use to the correct herb: 22. Is an antiemetic (pg 169) a. ginger b. ginseng c. bilberry d. ginkgo biloba
ginkgo biloba
Match each use to the correct herb: 23. Improves memory (pg 169) a. ginger b. ginseng c. bilberry d. ginkgo biloba
ginseng
Match each use to the correct herb: 24. Increases physical endurance (pg 169) a. ginger b. ginseng c. bilberry d. ginkgo biloba
iron
Match the function to the correct mineral: 17. Formation of hemoglobin (pg 167) a. iodine b. calcium c. iron d. sodium
iodine
Match the function to the correct mineral: 18. Development of thyroid gland: (pg 167) a. iodine b. calcium c. iron d. sodium
sodium
Match the function to the correct mineral: 19. Control of fluid balance in the body (pg 166) a. iodine b. calcium c. iron d. sodium
calcium
Match the function to the correct mineral: 20. Formation of bones and teeth (pg 166) a. iodine b. calcium c. iron d. sodium
Vitamin b1
Match the function to the correct vitamin: 13. Nerve conduction (pg 164) a.Vitamin K b. Vitamin D c. Vitamin C d. Vitamin b1
Vitamin C
Match the function to the correct vitamin: 14. Formation of collagen (pg 164) a. Vitamin K b. Vitamin D c. Vitamin C d. Vitamin b1
Vitamin D
Match the function to the correct vitamin: 15.Maintenance of healthy bones and teeth (pg 163) a. Vitamin K b. Vitamin D c. Vitamin C d. Vitamin B1
Vitamin K
Match the function to the correct vitamin: 16. Formation of prothrombin for blood clotting (pg 163) a. Vitamin K b. Vitamin D c. Vitamin C d. Vitamin B1
Macrominerals
Minerals needed with a daily requirement of 100 mg or more. They include calcium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, and phosphorus.
Microminerals
Minerals needed with a daily requirement of less than 100 mg; also known as trace minerals They include iron, iodine, zinc, and copper
Anions
Negatively charged ions
Vitamins
Organic substances essential for normal metabolism; classified as fat soluble or water soluble.
Cations
Positively charged ions
Milk thistle
Promotes growth of liver cells Uses: liver disorders
Homeostasis
State of fluid balance within the body
5000
The RDA for fat soluble vitamin A is ________ IU
150
The RDA for iodine is _______ mcg
2000
The RDA for potassium is ______ mEq
400
The RDA for water soluble folic acid is _____ mcg.
Vitamin D
Vitamin Cholecalciferol; maintains healthy bones and teeth
Vitamin A
Vitamin Retinol; maintains skin and mucous membranes; vision
Vitamin b1
Vitamin Thiamine; normal nerve conduction
Vitamin E
Vitamin Tocopherol; prevents oxidation of fatty acids
Vitamin b12
Vitamin cobalamin; builds genetic material, forms rbcs, prevents pernicious anemia
Biotin
Vitamin helps form fatty acids, metabolizes protein
Vitamin K
Vitamin helps form prothrombin for blood clotting
Vitamin C
Vitamin maintains healthy bones and teeth, forms collagen
Pantothenic acid
Vitamin metabolized proteins carbs and fats, helps form hormones
Vitamin b6
Vitamin pyridoxine; metabolizes proteins carbs and fats, helps form RBCs
Vitamin b2
Vitamin riboflavin; aids in growth, metabolizes protiens carbs and fats
Fat soluble vitamins
Vitamins that are soluble in fat. A,D,E, and K
Water soluble vitamins
Vitamins that are soluble in water; vitamin B complex and vitamin C
Cats claw
______ ______ is taken for cancer, infection, hypertension and gastrointestinal disorders.
Aloe vera
_______ _________ is taken for minor burns and wound healing
Calamus
________ contains certain carcinogenic agents.
Cranberry
anti-infective Uses: prophylaxis only
Chamomile
anti-inflammatory; antispasmodic Uses: inflammatory gastrointestinal disorders, respiratory and skin disorders
Garlic
lowers lipid levels Uses: elevated cholesterol level; infections; diabetes mellitus;hypertension
Valerian
minor tranquilizer Uses: anxiety; sleep disorders; (natures valium)
Echinacea
stimulates immune system Uses: common cold; upper respiratory infections
