chapter 6

The partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the interstitial space of highly active peripheral tissues is approximately 70 mm Hg. 50 mm Hg. 40 mm Hg. 45 mm Hg. 100 mm Hg.

45 mm Hg.

For carbon dioxide to leave the interstitial fluid (and into the capillaries at the tissues,) the PCO2 should be higher. pH should be slightly basic. PCO2 should be low. PO2 should be about 70 mm Hg.

PCO2 should be higher.

The most important chemical regulator (stimuli) of respiration is hemoglobin. oxygen. sodium ion. carbon dioxide

carbon dioxide

The function of the nasal meatuses and conchae is to provide a surface for the sense of smell. provide an opening into the pharynx. create turbulence (swirling the air) in the air to trap small particulates in mucus. provide an opening to the outside of the body.

create turbulence (swirling the air) in the air to trap small particulates in mucus.

Forced expiratory movements are produced by contraction of the abdominal muscles. scalenes. external intercostals. serratus anterior. diaphragm.

abdominal muscles.

Functions of the respiratory system include defending the respiratory system from pathogenic invasion. all of these ventilation. providing an extensive area for gas exchange between air and circulating blood.

all of these

Dust cells are also known as alveolar macrophages. Type I pneumocytes. Type II pneumocytes. septal cells.

alveolar macrophages.

The force that causes air to move into the lungs during quiet inspiration is supplied by the diaphragm. the abdominal muscles. atmospheric pressure. external intercostal muscles. scalene muscles.

atmospheric pressure.

Most of the oxygen transported by the blood is carried by white blood cells. bound to hemoglobin. in ionic form as solute in the plasma. dissolved in plasma.

bound to hemoglobin.

Pulmonary ventilation refers to the movement of dissolved gases from the blood to the interstitial space. movement of dissolved gases from the alveoli to the blood. movement of air into and out of the lungs. movement of dissolved gases from the interstitial space to the cells. utilization of oxygen.

movement of air into and out of the lungs.

According to firemen like Matt P., taking a voluntary additional deep breath on top of the tidal inspiration is possible due to the stimulating of the ________ center. pneumotaxic VRG ORG expiratory

not pneumotaxic

The process by which dissolved gases are exchanged between the blood and lungs is external respiration. cellular respiration. internal respiration. pulmonary ventilation.

not pulmonary ventilation.

Which of the following organs is not part of the lower respiratory system? oropharynx bronchioles alveoli trachea bronchi

oropharynx

Which of the following would be lower? oxygen saturation of hemoglobin when the body temperature is 100.5˚F. oxygen saturation of hemoglobin when the body temperature is 97.4˚F.

oxygen saturation of hemoglobin when the body temperature is 100.5˚F.

The walls of the alveoli are composed of reticular connective tissue. stratified epithelium. pseudostratified epithelium. simple squamous epithelium. loose connective tissue.

simple squamous epithelium.

The pitch of a vocal sound is controlled by changing the tension in the vocal cords. force of air. nasal cavity. shape of the laryngeal cartilage. size of the laryngeal cartilage.

tension in the vocal cords.

Major Tom is involved in building the international space station. During his spacewalk, a piece of debris strikes his faceplate and cracks it. Because there is no air pressure in space, the air in his lungs will move out of his body. the air in space will move into his body. the air in his lungs will be held in place by the zero pressure.

the air in his lungs will move out of his body.

Level 3 centers that alter the activity of the respiratory centers include all of the following, except the cerebral cortex. the hypothalamus. the limbic system. the medulla oblongata.

the medulla oblongata.

Which is greater? the number of lobes in the right lung the number of lobes in the left lung

the number of lobes in the right lung

Which of the following is lower? the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in blood leaving the lungs the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the blood leaving the tissues.

the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in blood leaving the lungs

Air moves out of the lungs because the volume of the lungs decreases with expiration. contraction of the diaphragm increases the volume of the pleural cavity. none of these the gas pressure in the lungs is less than the outside pressure. all of these

the volume of the lungs decreases with expiration.

Which of the following has an average volume of 500 mL? vital capacity inspiratory capacity inspiratory reserve volume expiratory reserve volume tidal volume

tidal volume

The amount of air that enters and leaves the lungs in a normal respiratory cycle is the vital capacity. tidal volume. total lung capacity. residual volume. inspiratory volume.

tidal volume.

Air entering the body is filtered, warmed, and humidified by the alveoli. lungs. all of these lower respiratory tract. upper respiratory tract.

upper respiratory tract.

The partial pressure of oxygen in the majority of arterial blood is approximately 95 mm Hg. 100 mm Hg. 40 mm Hg. 50 mm Hg. 45 mm Hg.

100 mm Hg.

In any pulmonary condition like pneumonia etc., when there is excess fluid in the alveoli, how would you expect the fluid to affect the process of pulmonary ventilation? It would be easier to expand the lungs on inspiration. More air would be forced out during an expiration. Ventilation would require less energy. Tidal volume would increase. Breathing would be laboured and difficult.

Breathing would be laboured and difficult.

Dalton's law states that gas pressure is inversely proportional to gas volume. gas volume and temperature are directly proportional. in a mixture of gases such as air, the total pressure is the sum of the individual partial pressures of the gases in the mixture. gas volume and temperature are inversely proportional.

in a mixture of gases such as air, the total pressure is the sum of the individual partial pressures of the gases in the mixture.

In quiet breathing, inspiration and expiration are both passive. inspiration involves muscular contractions and expiration is passive. inspiration is passive and expiration involves muscular contractions. none of these inspiration and expiration involve muscular contractions.

inspiration involves muscular contractions and expiration is passive.

Most of the carbon dioxide transported by the blood is carried by white blood cells. dissolved in plasma. is converted into carbonic acid in the RBC bound to the same protein as carbon dioxide. bound to hemoglobin.

is converted into carbonic acid in the RBC

Select the best statement) The pneumotaxic center is in the pons and excites the apneustic center. inhibits the apneustic center. excites the apneustic center. is in the pons and inhibits the apneustic center. is in the pons.

is in the pons and inhibits the apneustic center.