Chapter 7

glycolipid

A lipid covalently attached to a carbohydrate. Role is to maintain stability of the cell

sodium-potassium pump

a carrier protein that uses ATP to actively transport sodium ions out of a cell and potassium ions into the cell

An animal cell lacking carbohydrates on the external surface of its plasma membrane would likely be impaired in which function?

cell-cell recognition

In what way do the membranes of a eukaryotic cell vary?

certain proteins are unique to each membrane

The sodium-potassium pump is called an electrogenic pump because it _______

generates voltage across the membrane

The membranes of winter wheat are able to remain fluid when it is extremely cold by ________.

increasing the proportion of unsaturated phospholipids in the membrane

Diffusion across a biological membrane is called

passive transport

structure of a biological membrane

two layers of phospholipids with proteins either crossing the layers or on the surface of the layers

The movement of glucose into a cell against a concentration gradient is most likely to be accomplished by

cotransport of the glucose with a proton or sodium ion that was pumped across the membrane using the energy of ATP hydrolysis

What kinds of molecules pass through a cell membrane most easily?

small and hydrophobic