Chapter 7
29. This type of power is when the target person complies due to the belief that the person has special knowledge?
a. Expert power
70. Ignoring bad behavior is an example of what type of reinforcer?
a. Extinction
***********Using _______ and________ reinforcement does not guarantee good behavior, but rather reduces the specific bad behavior.
a. Extinction b. Punishment
**********Which two reinforcement methods decrease the likelihood of bad behavior?
a. Extinction and punishment
6. This is the characteristic that leaders can be effective only to the extent that followers are willing to accept their leadership.
a. Followership
********Who developed concepts of job enrichment and the motivation-hygiene theory?
a. Frederick Herzberg
*******Who describes types of power in the 1959, "Studies of Social Power"
a. French and Raven
*****Professor _________ researches leadership, power, and influence and udated French and Ravens taxonomy(classification) to two define two types of power.
a. Gary Yukl
*********What method of motivating firefighters relies on the natural competitiveness of people
a. Goal setting theory
********Telling a firefighter to reduce his turnout time to less than 80 seconds is an example of what type of motivator
a. Goal setting theory
******What motivational theory is used by setting specific, clear, measurable goals?
a. Goal setting theory- goals should be hard but obtainable
***********Conditions external to an individual as described by Fredrick Herzberg?
a. Hygiene factors
78. What are the two parts of the motivation-hygiene theory?
a. Hygiene factors b. Motivation factors
******What are three key factors that keep volunteers active and loyal to the organization
a. Pride b. Group identity c. Personal commitment
71. Punishing bad behavior is an example of what type of reinforcer?
a. Punishment
*******What are 5 principles that apply to motivating people?
a. Recognize individual differences b. Use goals c. Assure goals are perceived and attainable d. Individualize rewards e. Check for system equality
30. This type of power the target person complies due to admiration of or identification with the agent and seeks approval?
a. Referent power
***********What is a motivational theory suggests that behavior is a function of its consequences?
a. Reinforcement theory
28. This type of power is when the target person complies to obtain rewards that are controlled by the agent
a. Reward power
47. Most departments have some form of ____________ that specify what is expected of each company and what to do in a given situation?
a. SOP's
46. The fire officer's "primary" responsibility is to the team of firefighters under his direct supervision. The officer is responsible for their ________, _________, and _________ at an incident scene.
a. Safety b. Actions c. Performance
53. Who is responsible for describing condition to the dispatch center?
a. The first arriving company
*******The first arriving fire officer provides leadership and direction to responding units by implementing what?
a. The incident management plan
58. Who must rely on leadership skills more volunteer officers or municipal officers?
a. Volunteer
56. One method to help firefighters understand when a the officer is performing an official supervisory task is to _________
a. Wearing uniform shirt. (dress shirt)
45. After every incident, the fire officer should briefly review the event while where?
a. While still at the event or soon after returning to quarters.
52. After every incident the fire officer should breiefly review the event when and where?
a. While still at the scene b. Or ASAP after returning to quarters
43. Is it ever necessary to transition from democratic power to autocratic power?
a. Yes for instance on a complex scene when the expertise of everyone on the crew is needed to come up with the best way to tackle the problem is the use of democratic power, however once the operation begins the officer needs to transition into autocratic power
******** This type of leadership takes advantage of all the ingenuity and resourcefulness of the group in determining how to meet objectives or complete a task.
democratic leadership style
********What is the five step approach to making a decision?
1. Clear your mind-take a deep breath or pause to concentrate on the issue 2. List your options-brainstorm to develop a long list 3. Weigh the outcomes 4. Make a choice- accept responsibility for the decision and have a plan B identified 5. Evaluate the decision
*******Two general rules for behavior during non emergency activities are as follows?
1. Do not compromise the ability of the fire company to respond to emergencies in its district 2. Do not jeopardize the publics trust in the fire department
******** Autocratic leadership is required in two situations. What are they?
1. During a high risk emergency scene activity when there is no time for discussion 2. When immediate corrective supervisory activity is needed for example in "control neutralize command"response to a confrontation.
********* A mayday requires a complex response from the company operating within the hot zone or burning structure. The first obligation is to __________the second obligation is ___________
1. Maintain Radio discipline so that the command can determine the mayday location and situations 2. To maintain company or group integrity- Not everyone can save the missing firefighter crews need to stay together and wait for assignment
********According to the expectancy theory the fire officer must address three considerations to motivate an individual.
1. The employees belief that his or her efforts will achieve the goal 2. The employees belief that meeting the goal will lead to the reward 3. The employees desire for the reward or the rewards value to the employee
********Laissez-faire leadership is effective in what two situations?
1. When working with experienced firefighters 2. When handling routine duties that pose little personal hazard
62. How much time on does the core of the active participants in the volunteer fire department have?
a. 15-18 years
24. When discussing power the agent is what? and the target person is what?
a. Agent is the person making the request(they have the power) b. Target person is the person who the agent is making the request to
***********What is an iron-hand style of leadership?
a. Autocratic
******Execution of a plan that was come up with by using the democratic approach to leadership often involves an __________command style?
a. Autocratic
48. A fire officer must use the _________ leadership style when when immediate action is required.
a. Autocratic
49. Orders to evacuate a building and a firefighter mayday are two critical events that that require immediate __________ action.
a. Autocratic
******What are the three situational leadership styles discussed in the book?
a. Autocratic b. Democratic c. Laissez-faire
**********Type of leadership used when the fire officer needs to maintain high personal control of a group. They tell the subordinate what to do and expect immediate and complete adherence to the issued instructions.
a. Autocratic style of leadership
5. ___________ tell people to accomplish a task or objective, whereas _________ make them want to achieve high goals and objectives.
a. Bosses b. Leaders
*******Goals need to be three things to motivate people
a. Clear b. Specific c. Measurable
**********This type of power is when the person complies to avoid punishment believed to be controlled by the agent.
a. Coercive power
75. Ignoring bad behavior _________ the chances of the behavior being done again, and is an example of what type of reinforcer?
a. Decreases b. Extinction
********** Specialized and highly technical fire companies often use the _______ approach to leadership when faced with complex or unusual emergency situations?
a. Democratic
*********** The officer should use ___________ leadership style when planning a project or developing the daily work plan of the company?
a. Democratic
******The best way to size up a "complicated situation" and develop an incident action plan is to use the ___________ style of leadership.
a. Democratic
******This is a consultative approach to leadership
a. Democratic/
86. The goal setting theory of motivation says goals need to be how hard to achieve?
a. Difficult but attainable
****This type of power is when target persons behavior is based on perceptions of opportunity and constraints.
a. Ecological Power
*******This type of power has control over the physical environment, technology, or organization of work.
a. Ecological power
*********What is often the strongest force that influences members performance and commitment to a volunteer organization
a. Effective leadership
******What does Herzbergs theory of motivation-hygiene factors mean?
a. Employees who are dissatisfied with their external conditions will not be motivated to achieve maximal performance for the company. Alternatively once the firefighters are satisfied with the external conditions, improving these factors will not increase performance.
******** What motivational theory states people evaluate the outcome they receive for their inputs and compare them with the outcomes others receive for their inputs?
a. Equity theory
*******What theory explains why the fire chief is paid more than firefighters and firefighters are paid more than restaurant dishwashers
a. Equity theory
*********Motivational theory in which people act in a manner that they believe will lead to an outcome they value?
a. Expectancy theory
********Which motivational theory is this an example of, If the firefighter has a turnout time of less than 80 seconds then the officer will be sure to note the firefighters improvements on the firefighters next review?
a. Expectancy theory
*********What should be included in the initial communications if your department hasn't set specific requirement when arriving to an incident?
a. Identification of the company arriving on scene b. Brief description of the incident situation c. Obvious conditions d. Brief description of actions to be taken e. Declare strategy: offensive or defensive f. Any safety concerns g. Assumption, Identification, location of the command h. Request or release of resources needed
66. Reinforcement must _____________________ an action to increase the probability that the desired behavior will recur.
a. Immediately follow
38. ___________ power is based on the target persons assessment of the agents ability to discover or obtain relevant information, rapidly and efficiently, usually through a cultivated network of sources.
a. Information power
********What are two additional position powers described by Gary Yukl that are not part of French and Ravens 5 types of power?
a. Information power b. Ecological power
*********What type of leadership style moves the decision making from the fire officer to the individual fire fighter?
a. Laissez-Faire
*********Known as a free-rein style of leadership
a. Laissez-faire
*********This type of leadership style depends on firefighters good judgment and sense of responsibility to get things done within basic guidelines.
a. Laissez-faire
*******A fire commissioner serving in a large county observed four phases of volunteer participation?
a. Large loss of applicants during initial fire training (due to time, physical unpreparedness, couldn't pass the cognitive certification exam) b. Small loss of participants during the probation c. Moderate to high loss of participation during 3-6 years (young fire fighter in college, having families, getting real jobs, they don't have time for the department) d. Recommitment between the 15-18 years of membership (people kids are grown, careers are established ect.......This group forms the core of the volunteer fire department)
********** Stephen Lovette describes _________ as getting the troops to do what we need to attain the goals of the organization or department.
a. Leadership
**********The process by which a person influences others to understand and agree about what needs to be done. Is defined by Gary Yukl as what?
a. Leadership
*********The process of facilitating individual and collective efforts to accomplish shared objectives is defined by Gary Yukl as what?
a. Leadership
*******A complex process by which a person influences others to accomplish a mission, task, objective, and directs the organization in a way that makes it more cohesive and coherent.
a. Leadership
********* As an incident increases in scale and complexity it is important for IC's to separate management and _________ functions. ___________ is about stepping back and detaching from the management of the incident to analyze what is taking place and project future actions.
a. Leadership b. Leadership
27. Under the incident management system, the IC has __________ power to reassign the ventilation sector.
a. Legitimate
26. What type of power is it when the target person believes that the agent has the right to make the request and the target person has the obligation to comply.
a. Legitimate power
*********What are the five types of power
a. Legitimate power b. Reward power c. Expert power d. Referent power e. Coercive power
*******Three examples of positional power(gary yukl) described by French and Raven?
a. Legitimate, reward, coercive power
*********The democratic leadership style can be used in some _______risk emergency scene operations?
a. Low risk
44. In training it is important to allow for _____________ as long as it doesn't result in injury.
a. Mistakes
64. One of the key components of leading is the ability to ___________
a. Motivate
*******The desire for recognition, achievement, responsibility, and advancement are examples of which of Fredrick Herzbergs factors.
a. Motivation Factors
*******Individuals internally determined motivators as described by Fredrick Herzberg
a. Motivational factors
69. Removing an undesirable consequence of good behavior is an example of what type or reinforcer?
a. Negative
*********What type of reinforcement is often underutilized as a management strategy
a. Negative reinforcement
4. Is being a leader and a supervisor the same thing?
a. No
********Name four examples of hygiene factors
a. Pay b. Work conditions c. Supervision d. Company policy
34. This type of power includes expert and referent power and reflects the effectiveness of the individual
a. Personal power
*******Gary Yukl, Updated French and Ravens taxonomy(classifications of power into what?
a. Personal power- includes expert and referent power b. Positional power- includes legitimate, reward, and coercive power
*******This type of power is defined by the role of the person in the organization?
a. Positional power
68. Giving a reward for good behavior is what type of reinforcer?
a. Positive
*********What two types of reinforcement increase the likelihood of good behavior
a. Positive and negative reinforcement
********What are the four types of reinforcers?
a. Positive reinforcement b. Negative reinforcement c. Extinction d. Punishment
*****The capacity of one party to influence another party?
a. Power