Chapter 7: American Indians, Chapter 8: Asian Americans, Chapter 9: Middle Eastern and North African Americans, Chapter 10: Black Americans, Chapter 11: Hispanic Americans, Chapter 12: Religious Minorities
__________ theory explains ethnic stereotypes as the dominant group's premature response to minority groups. A) Functionalist B) Conflict C) Social interactionist D) Ecological
C) Social interactionist
A __________ would stress the undercurrents of resentment and tension against the visible presence of nonwestern minorities and their successes. A) conflict theorist B) functionalist C) interactionist D) exchange theorist
A) conflict theorist
Symbols of Amish group identity include their __________. A) clothing B) monotheistic beliefs C) specially styled jewelry D) knowledge of the Russian language
A) clothing
Which state was brought into the United States as a result of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo at the End of the Mexican-American War? A) Oregon B) Utah C) Colorado D) California
D) California
Who is associated with the Brown Berets? A) Cesar Chavez B) Rudolfo Gonzales C) Reies Lopes Tijerina D) David Sanchez
D) David Sanchez
Creationists' support for a literal interpretation of the Bible puts them in conflict with __________ theory. A) Feminist B) Conflict C) Gravity D) Evolutionary
D) Evolutionary
Early Korean immigrants were recruited by the __________. A) railroad companies B) U.S. school system C) petroleum industry leaders D) Hawaii Sugar Planters' Association
D) Hawaii Sugar Planter's Association
Amish citizens in __________ would be most likely to vote Republican. A) Indiana B) Ohio C) Pennsylvania D) Illinois
D) Illinois
True or False) Most of the Muslims in Switzerland follow the codes of dress and conduct associated with conservative Muslim countries like Saudi Arabia.
False
True or False) Native Americans who leave their reservations and move to urban areas tend to be more successful than their peers who remain on the reservations.
False
True or False) Predominantly Arab nations are political enemies of the United States.
False
True or False) Some ancient civilizations considered themselves superior to others, and they typically based their beliefs on race.
False
True or False) Stabilization of European settlements typically led to less strained relations with Native Americans.
False
True or False) Syrian and Lebanese people speak Arabic.
False
True or False) The 1992 Los Angeles riot was between blacks and whites.
False
True or False) The Amish typically support social security and all other forms of insurance, believing the country should be responsible for its people.
False
True or False) The Catholic Church has not rebounded to the levels of participation it held before the sexual scandals in the early 2000s.
False
True or False) The Indian Removal Act recommended that all Native Americans in the northwestern states be relocated to the southeastern states.
False
True or False) The bracero program encouraged American-born Hispanics to sponsor recent immigrants to the United States.
False
True or False) The discovery of silver in California ended Mormon isolation because their settlement was located along the best route to the California silver mines.
False
True or False) The value of Marianismo might be expressed in a Hispanic female's decision to prevent her husband from trying to dominate her.
False
True or False) The widest gaps in education for blacks occur in the Southern states that were the strongholds of slavery.
False
For Mormons, Monday is set aside as __________.
Family Home Evening
True or False) Greater acculturation appears to be associated positively with satisfaction with life in the U.S. for Arabs but negatively associated with family satisfaction.
True
True or False) Hispanics are the largest ethnic group in the United States and are steadily increasing in number all the time.
True
True or False) Hispanics generally have a more casual attitude toward time than do others in the United States.
True
True or False) In the second half of the 19th century, Mexicans from south of the border helped fill U.S. labor needs for the construction of railroad lines and the expansion of cotton, fruit, and vegetable farms.
True
True or False) Israeli Americans typically experience a smoother transition to American life than any other immigrant group.
True
True or False) Many Jewish Americans today see religion less as an inherited ethnic identity and more as a personal choice of belief and practice.
True
True or False) Mexicans and Central Americans are increasingly visible as employees in Korean-owned-businesses in metropolitan cities. This is an example of minority-minority relations.
True
True or False) Most Africans who arrived in America from 1619 until 1808 immigrated unwillingly.
True
True or False) Native American children grow up under the encouragement and discipline of the extended family, not just the nuclear family.
True
True or False) Native Americans first learned about scalping from white settlers.
True
True or False) Nearly all the early Asian Indian immigrants were Sikh males.
True
True or False) New Filipino arrivals tend to have better educational and occupational skills than most of their ethnic cohorts born in the United States.
True
True or False) No research to date has proved Native Americans to be different from other people regarding the physiology of alcohol metabolism.
True
True or False) Protestants were dedicated to keeping Catholics out of office because they would supposedly take their orders from Rome.
True
True or False) Puerto Ricans became U.S. nationals in 1898 when the Treaty of Paris ended the Spanish-American War.
True
True or False) Rosa Parks' refusal to sit at the back of the bus eventually led a federal district court to rule against segregated seating.
True
True or False) Syrian males usually came alone and then sent for their wives and children.
True
True or False) The Chinese first came to the United States during the California gold rush in the 1850s.
True
True or False) The Filipinos did not establish the support institutions usually found in immigrant communities.
True
True or False) The United States is now probably the most religiously diverse country in the world.
True
True or False) The idea of a model minority creates a harmful and unrealistic example for the dominant group to use as a cudgel to blame others for their difficulties in achieving success.
True
True or False) The median age at death of Aborigines in Australia is 53.
True
True or False) The median family income for Latino families has traditionally been higher than for black families.
True
True or False) The referendum to ban the building of Minarets in Switzerland was passed with 58% of the vote.
True
True or False) The self-employment rate of Korean Americans is one of the highest of all ethnic or racial groups.
True
True or False) To ease their transition to a new land, other ethnic groups re-created in miniature the society they left behind; but the Africans who came to the Unites States were not allowed to do so.
True
True or False) U.S. Immigration and Naturalization Service launched a program in the 1950s called "Operation Wetback."
True
True or False) Undocumented aliens make substantial economic contributions as consumers and low-skilled workers.
True
The Los Angeles __________ riot in 1943 began over conflicts between Mexican residents and some sailors on leave.
Zoot Suit
A __________ is a tower attached to Mosques from which a Muezzin or Crier calls the faithful to prayer.
minaret
In the 1940s, legislators in 14 states passed laws against __________ (interracial marriage) to prevent Asians from marrying whites.
miscengenation
Of the 150 Mosques in Switzerland, __________ conduct the call to prayer.
none
The percentage of Mexican-Americans receiving welfare assistance is only about __________ that of whites.
one-half
Failure to grasp the humanity of the Arab people increases the __________ between non-Arabs and Arabs.
social distance
Since the 1850s, some foreigners came to the United States to stay, but many came as __________, intending to return home after earning enough money.
sojourners
Warfare against the Seminole cost the U.S. Army more than __________ soldiers and __________dollars before the army gave up.
2,000, $40 million
One Jewish survey shows that only __________ of Jews in the United States today are "seriously religious."
20%
__________ is identifiable as an example of "civil religion." A) "In God We Trust" B) Biblical literalism C) The separation of church and state D) The removal of prayer from schools
A) "In God We Trust"
How many religious groups in the United States have memberships exceeding one million? A) 29 B) 83 C) 513 D) 1245
A) 29
As of 2013, what percentage of legislators in the U.S. congress was Jewish? A) 5% B) 14% C) 23% D) 43%
A) 5%
__________ reduced Puerto Rican involvement in the Catholic Church on the mainland. A) A closed church hierarchy B) Inability to internalize a Catholic identity C) The appeal of Lutheran churches D) Spiritualism and superstition
A) A closed church hierarchy
If you were concerned about the Hispanic dropout rate, you would do well to focus on __________. A) age at the time of entry into the United States B) attendance C) size of family D) living in a two-parent household
A) Age at the time of entry into the United States
Which legislative effort prohibited any person who was ineligible for citizenship from owning land in California? A) Alien Landholding Law of 1913 B) Gentlemen's Agreement of 1908 C) Immigration Act of 1965 D) Simpson Bowles Act of 1910
A) Alien Landholding Law of 1913
Rastafarians believe themselves to be__________. A) black Israelites B) black Muslims C) black Arabs D) black Indians
A) Black Israelites
Which social caste is considered to be the elite? A) Brahmins B) Kshatriyas C) Vaishyas D) Sudras
A) Brahmins
What is the largest U.S. denomination? A) Catholic B) Baptist C) Methodist D) Mormon
A) Catholic
The sanctuary movement that hid Salvadoran refugees from immigration officials involved __________. A) Catholic clergy and parishioners B) Cubans serving as a middleman minority C) Mexican smugglers D) the Underground Railroad
A) Catholic clergy and parishioners
Chicano power was promoted by __________. A) Cesar Chavez B) Martin Luther King, Jr. C) Jesse Jackson D) Manuel Noriega
A) Cesar Chavez
The Trail of Tears refers to the deadly expulsion of the __________. A) Cherokee B) Apache C) Iroquois D) Seminoles
A) Cherokee
Which Asian immigrants first came to the United States during the California gold rush in the 1850s? A) Chinese B) Japanese C) Korean D) Filipinos
A) Chinese
The pottu or dot on the forehead for Hindus is similar to __________. A) Christians wearing a cross B) The nazi swastika C) The American flag D) a marriage ceremony
A) Christians wearing a cross
__________ is/are identified in the text as an identifying symbol for Rastafarians. A) Dietary habits B) Smoking tobacco C) Using ebonics as a language D) Refusing to bathe
A) Dietary habits
Why did most Egyptians leave Egypt? A) Economics and educational reasons B) Political unrest C) Religious reasons D) Political and religious reasons
A) Economics and educational reasons
What strained relations between the "old" Jewish population and the "new" Jewish arrivals? A) Ethnic and nationalist prejudices B) Similarity in social class C) Religious homogeneity D) Differing family sizes
A) Ethnic and nationalist prejudices
__________ is/are identified in recent studies as a suicide risk factor for Native American youth. A) Family instability B) LGBT issues C) A lack of firearm safety D) Bullying
A) Family instability
In which of the following ways did Cubans respond to discrimination in Miami in the early 1980s? A) Forming an ethnic enclave B) Shunning local politics C) Immediate attempts to assimilate D) Moving in large numbers to Pensacola
A) Forming an ethnic enclave
__________ was a political feature of the Iroquois League. A) Free political expression B) Hierarchical tribal authority C) Restricted religious expression D) A dictatorial political system
A) Free political expression
The __________ perspective points to examples from the Amish and Hasidim to show that when minority groups are marginalized, they will simply become even more extreme and separatist. A) functionalist B) conflict C) interactionist D) feminist
A) Functionalist
__________ theory explains ethnic discrimination as a social dysfunction. A) Functionalist B) Conflict C) Social interactionist D) Ecological
A) Functionalist ?????
__________ explains ethnic riots as a social dysfunction. A) Functionalist theory B) Conflict theory C) Social interactionist theory D) Ecological theory
A) Functionalist theory
__________ are routinely denied refugee status in the United States. A) Haitians B) Jamaicans C) Cubans D) Kenyans
A) Haitians
__________ was a Cherokee effort to attain assimilation. A) Holding onto a hunting and gathering economy B) The burning of sawmills C) The creation of a written language D) Retaining their religion
A) Holding onto a hunting and gathering economy
The largest concentration of Palestinian Americans is in __________. A) Illinois B) Texas C) Georgia D) Massachusetts
A) Illinois
It was not until the passage of the __________ that the Chinese were able to enter the United States under regular immigration regulations. A) Immigration Act of 1965 B) Burlingame Treaty of 1868 C) Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 D) Taft and Hartman Act of 1864
A) Immigration Act of 1965
Chicano activists have incorporated the concept of __________ that was first applied to the black ghetto because it also helps to describe the Anglo takeover of Latin American lands and people for the last 150 years. A) internal colonialism B) race C) Hispanic identity D) ethnicity
A) Internal Colonialism
__________ is mentioned by the text as a disease faced by Native Americans after exposure to Europeans. A) Measles B) Cholera C) Influenza D) Cancer
A) Measles
__________was/were often a push factor for nonwestern immigrants. A) Overpopulation B) Job opportunities C) Rapid air travel D) Religious freedom
A) Overpopulation
Chinese immigrants utilized the minority group response of __________ when they formed Chinatowns. A) segregation B) expulsion C) xenophobia D) rebellionA
A) Segregation
Why did the U.S. Supreme Court deny the Cherokee the right to sue Georgia? A) The Cherokee were not considered a foreign nation. B) John Marshall argued that the Cherokee should be forcibly removed. C) The Court wanted to concur with the other two branches of government. D) Andrew Jackson intervened in the decision.
A) The Cherokee were not considered a foreign nation.
The differences in the Japanese experience in Hawaii and on the mainland are best understood by recognizing __________. A) the differences in structural discrimination B) fear of the "perfidious" character C) mass evacuation of the Japanese D) the Japanese experience in internment camps
A) The differences in structural discrimination
Which of the following was an action the federal government took against Mormons? A) Use of federal troops to install a non-Mormon governor B) Higher taxation rates C) Deportation D) Removal from political office
A) Use of federal troops to install a non-Mormon governor
In the 1920s, the Ku Klux Klan spread northward and __________. A) added Jews, Catholics, and foreigners to its list of targets B) focused on the urban blacks who had migrated from the South C) were ignored by almost everyone D) seized control of several state legislatures
A) added Jews, Catholics, and foreigners to its list of targets
German Jews were embarrassed by the __________ of the Sephardic Jews. A) appearance B) German language C) unorthodox religious practices D) cosmopolitanism
A) appearance
Efforts to overcome chronic unemployment among Native Americans now emphasize __________. A) attracting light industry and business to reservations B) increasing tourism to reservations C) relocating Indians near industrial parks D) creating a federal job corps
A) attracting light industry and business to reservations
Today, many African Americans still lack __________. A) basic services and amenities B) educational opportunities C) legal rights D) political representation
A) basic services and amenities
African-born Americans tend to __________ than American-born African Americans. A) be better educated B) have lower income levels C) own their homes in lower numbers D) be more represented in popular media
A) be better educated
Since the Immigration Act of 1965, Filipino immigration has __________. A) been quite high B) been severely restricted C) stayed the same D) resulted in strict segregation
A) been quite high
The interactionist view on the experiences of African Americans stresses that __________. A) beliefs about a people are culturally transmitted and reinforced by external conditions B) differences or alleged inferiority lead to class differentiation C) the opposition to integration efforts usually comes from a fear of how social roles and institutions will be altered D) slavery provided cheap labor in the South as a social function
A) beliefs about a people are culturally transmitted and reinforced by external conditions
Currently, the two most common stereotypes that Mexican Americans have had to combat involve __________. A) belonging to youth gangs and being undocumented aliens B) preferring enjoyment over working hard and material over intangible rewards C) being future-oriented and materialistic D) being unwilling to learn English and not caring about education
A) belonging to youth gangs and being undocumented aliens
Analysis of the age distribution of American blacks and whites shows __________. A) blacks have a larger percentage of young people B) whites have a larger percentage of young people C) a fairly even age distribution between the two races D) both blacks and whites are experiencing a new "baby boom"
A) blacks have a larger percentage of young people
Native-American silence with strangers usually indicates __________. A) caution B) egotism C) low levels of intelligence D) non-sociability
A) caution
Bias-motivated hate crimes against Pacific Americans have __________. A) declined throughout the years B) increased significantly C) remained virtually non-existent D) remained at about the same moderate level
A) declined throughout the years
The Zoot Suit Riots of 1943 illustrate __________. A) dominant-group tolerance of violence against a minority B) an extreme form of minority-group defiance C) labor unrest in times of economic trouble D) the failure of government-mandated hiring programs
A) dominant-group tolerance of violence against a minority
The Pan-Indian movement has been of limited success primarily because of __________. A) emphasis on tribal identities B) government resistance C) reservations scattered among many states D) weak leadership
A) emphasis on tribal identities
Throughout much of the colonial period, U.S. Catholics__________. A) encountered discriminatory laws in all thirteen colonies B) faced no discriminatory laws since they were so few in number C) settled mostly in New England where people were more hospitable D) dominated Maryland which was their power base at the Constitutional Convention
A) encountered discriminatory laws in all thirteen colonies
The Immigration Act of 1965 __________. A) ensured both sexes equal opportunity to enter the United States B) restricted female Asian immigrants from entering the United States C) restricted Asian children from entering the United States D) allowed for unlimited Asian immigration to the United States
A) ensured both sexes equal opportunity to enter the United States
"Repatriation" and "Operation Wetback" are examples of __________ efforts. A) expulsion B) forced assimilation C) Americanization D) self-justification
A) expulsion
According to the functionalist view, less skilled non-Westerner newcomers __________. A) fill a population void in inner-city neighborhoods B) live in middle-class neighborhoods C) bring upheaval to neighborhoods D) like the openness of rural communities
A) fill a population void in inner-city neighborhoods
As a(n) __________ theorist, Marissa sees the massive population growth of Latin Americans as providing both a cultural identity in a new land and inciting antagonism among other ethnic groups in the United States. A) functionalist B) conflict C) interactionist D) feminist
A) functionalist
Barry sees the major problem with white and native relations to be a lack of understanding about the complexity and sophistication of the American Indian social system. Although they are markedly different from one another each system has well-defined institutions and social roles. Barry is a __________. A) functionalist B) conflict theorist C) interactionist D) feminist
A) functionalist
From a __________ perspective the strong rates of marriage and multigenerational families present in Chinatowns is a strong indicator of social stability and economic success. A) functionalist B) conflict C) interactionist D) feminist
A) functionalist
Martin, defending the institution of religion, argues that religion helps otherwise disparate groups of people to maintain common values and bonds. Martin's views are in line with __________ theory. A) functionalist B) conflict C) interactionist D) feminist
A) functionalist
While Aaron does not condone slavery, as a(n) __________ theorist, he understands that it served a purpose by allowing the Southern states to develop an agricultural based economy. A) functionalist B) conflict C) interactionist D) critical race
A) functionalist
While her parents decry the "exclusionary" nature of Chinatowns, Parker, a sociology major whose views are in line with the __________ perspective, points out that these areas serve a number of purposes that help create prosperity and social stability for everyone. A) functionalist B) conflict C) interactionist D) feminist
A) functionalist
Andrew understands that any immigrant group faces problems, but he is struck by the relative ease with which the groups in this chapter managed to integrate into U.S. society. As someone whose views align with the __________ perspective, he points to the high levels of education and professionalization that many of these immigrants brought with them as key factors in making this possible. A) functionalist B) conflict C) interactionist D) feminist
A) functionalist ?????
Bill, a city planner, is working to promote his town as a place for immigrants because his urban and exurban neighborhoods need the stability. As a(n) __________, he knows that these groups will help prevent neighborhood decline and maintain racial balance. A) functionalist B) conflict theorist C) interactionist D) feminist
A) functionalist ?????
According to __________, North African and Middle Eastern immigrants have benefitted from immigration laws that ensure sufficient earning power in occupational preference or priority for those with a social support system already in place such as an extended family. A) functionalists B) conflict theorists C) interactionists D) feminists
A) functionalists
The Civil Rights Movement __________. A) inspired Native Americans B) slowed Native American progress C) discouraged Native Americans D) angered Native Americans
A) inspired Native Americans
The Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 is significant because __________. A) it was the first federal legislation against a particular race of immigrants B) it was the first restrictive bill passed over a presidential veto C) it was the first act to stop completely immigration from any one country D) its passage brought organized labor into opposition with the government
A) it was the first federal legislation against a particular race of immigrants
Many Japanese settled in rural areas instead of urban regions because __________. A) labor union hostility prevented their finding much work in the cities B) they came from an agrarian country and preferred farming C) they did not get along with the Chinese who lived in the cities D) they did not think cities were a good place to raise children
A) labor union hostility prevented their finding much work in the cities
For the Indians, cultural diffusion usually meant __________. A) less self-sufficiency B) greater self-sufficiency C) assimilation D) annihilation
A) less self-sufficiency
What is referred to as the "new buffalo" for American Indians? A) Farming B) Casinos C) Tourism D) Forestry
B) Casinos
The Native-American birthrate is __________. A) lower than Asians, blacks and whites B) slightly below the national average C) below that of all other ethnic minorities D) slowly decreasing
A) lower than Asians, blacks and whites
Early Iranian immigrants who opted to stay in the United States permanently called themselves Persian Yankees or __________. A) mandegar B) belataklif C) cosmopolitans D) globalizers
A) mandegar
High levels of church involvement among Korean immigrants was the result of __________. A) marginalization B) religious beliefs C) middle class status D) stronger religious foundations
A) marginalization
The __________ had implications far beyond slavery as it produced a system which replicated social inferiority throughout generations. A) master-slave social system B) racial reparations C) creation of African American ethnic enclaves D) Jim Crow laws
A) master-slave social system
Many of today's professional Arab immigrants do not fit past acculturation patterns because they__________. A) need not become Americanized to enjoy the lifestyle they want B) have a religion different from the three major faiths C) do not physically fit into the melting pot theory D) do not fit into theories about behavior in the western world
A) need not become Americanized to enjoy the lifestyle they want
Today, with approximately 200,000 Aborigines dispersed throughout Australia, they account for only __________ of the total population. A) one percent B) two percent C) ten percent D) twenty percent
A) one percent
The occupation of __________ helped speed up Syrian acculturation. A) peddling B) mechanic C) nursing D) teaching
A) peddling
The National Commission on Civil Disorders said a major cause of the 1960s riots was/were __________. A) police practices B) low unemployment C) the rise of affordable housing D) religious persecution
A) police practices
Asian Indians in the early twentieth century experienced __________. A) racial prejudice B) affirmative action C) forced assimilation D) extermination
A) racial prejudice
Dignidad refers to __________. A) reciprocal respect in human interaction B) formal rules of etiquette C) deference to those of high status D) laws against children disrespecting their parents
A) reciprocal respect in human interaction
19th-century U.S. policies, including __________ prevented most tribes from becoming full participants in U.S. society. A) removal B) reconciliation C) restoration D) affirmative action
A) removal
In 1954, the landmark desegregation order covered __________. A) schools only B) transportation only C) any public establishment D) any form of segregation, including housing
A) schools only
Anti-Jewish stereotypes included characterizing Jews as __________. A) scoundrels B) athletes C) part of an open society D) accommodating
A) scoundrels
Critics attack the Bell Curve for its __________. A) selective use of data B) poorly trained scientists C) use of graduate students as analysts D) conflict of interest with regard to funding
A) selective use of data
Whites viewing Native Americans as cruel, treacherous, lying, dirty heathens is an example of __________. A) self-justification B) discrimination C) cruelty D) ingroup hostility
A) self-justification
According to the interactionist view, __________. A) skin color often triggers negative responses about busing, crime, housing, jobs, and poverty B) oppression of blacks is the result of American capitalists' exploitation C) the question of who benefits is the most significant issue in black-white relationships D) slavery provided cheap labor in the South as a social function
A) skin color often triggers negative responses about busing, crime, housing, jobs, and poverty
Wilson maintains that denial of upward mobility to the black poor results from __________. A) social class barriers that limit life chances B) racial discrimination C) cutbacks in government support programs D) job competition from Hispanic immigrants
A) social class barriers that limit life chances
Achieving economic success, but not public acceptance, is known as__________. A) social ostracism B) clannishness C) parasitic deference D) consciousness of kind
A) social ostracism
Often accompanying Jewish economic success was __________. A) social segregation B) structural assimilation C) return to their native land D) social acceptance
A) social segregation
Koreans have utilized __________ to successfully immigrate to the United States. A) sojourning B) return migration C) chain-migration D) segregation
A) sojourning
With respect to the Asian American populations __________. A) the Chinese is the largest population B) the Filipino is the largest population C) Los Angeles has the largest Asian population D) San Francisco has the largest Asian populationA
A) the Chinese is the largest population
Many Iranians kept to themselves for fear of__________. A) the SAVAK B) religious persecution C) violence D) disease
A) the SAVAK
In the early twentieth century, the migration of southern blacks to the North was due mostly to __________. A) the existence of Jim Crow laws and poor economic conditions in the North B) better educational opportunities in the North C) more political freedom in the South D) religious persecution in the South
A) the existence of Jim Crow laws and poor economic conditions in the North
The major criticism against using intelligence testing to compare the capabilities of races is __________. A) the presumption that genetic factors explain differences in scores B) the presumption that cultural factors explain differences in scores C) no significant or consistent differences in scores occur D) whites outnumber blacks, giving them an unfair advantage
A) the presumption that genetic factors explain differences in scores
Anti-Turkish sentiment in the United States prior to World War I was due primarily to__________. A) the suppression and massacre of Armenians B) the heroin traffic from Turkish poppy fields C) anti-American actions in Turkey D) Turkish support of the Russian pogroms
A) the suppression and massacre of Armenians
In 1847, Mormon migration to the Great Salt Lake Valley resulted from __________. A) the threat of extermination or forced assimilation B) the lure of gold and silver discoveries C) the desire to live in a less settled region D) an avoidance response to the growing slavery issue
A) the threat of extermination or forced assimilation
The new black immigrants come from areas where __________. A) their race is the majority B) a bipartite color system prevails C) color is a primary factor in group life D) Africans are partially assimilated and socially restricted
A) their race is the majority
Opponents of slavery reparations argued that __________. A) unlike other reparation payments, no victims are alive today B) the statute of limitations has not expired C) identifying descendants of slaves is meaningless even with racial self-identification D) no real harm was done to the African slaves in the long run
A) unlike other reparation payments, no victims are alive today
The principle of "separate but equal" was __________. A) upheld by the Supreme Court in 1896 B) struck down by the Supreme Court in 1896 C) recommended by President Lincoln D) created by Congress in 1896 with passage of the Plessy-Ferguson Act
A) upheld by the Supreme Court in 1896
Syrian adjustment, acceptance, and upward mobility were fairly rapid because of their __________. A) wide dispersal which negated any significant opposition to their presence B) propensity to do low paying factory work C) lower class status which meant they were not seen as a threat D) religious values
A) wide dispersal which negated any significant opposition to their presence
Interaction surveys of Americans and nonwestern newcomers in professional, managerial, or technical fields show__________. A) widespread social distance B) much less social distance than in past years C) extensive social distance for Africans but not Asians D) extensive social distance for all but the Arabs
A) widespread social distance
__________ were the first inhabitants of Australia.
Aborigines
Some black leaders have lobbied for slavery reparations, arguing that if President __________ had not stripped the freed slaves of the land given them by General William Tecumseh Sherman under Special Field Orders No. 15, their descendants might now control a much larger share of U.S. wealth. Proponents seek cash payments now to right an old wrong.
Andrew Johnson
__________ is a broad term covering people of diverse nationalities, religions, and socioeconomic backgrounds. Although Americans described by this term may share a sense of peoplehood, they come from 22 nations of North Africa and the Middle East.
Arab
Terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001, in New York City and Washington, DC increased suspicions about __________, although their social acceptance remains fairly strong.
Arab Muslims
In terms of median income, Arab men earn an average of __________ more than the national median for all males. A) $2500 B) $4500 C) $3000 D) $5000
B) $4500
According to Figure 7.2, what percentage of Native American males graduate from college? A) 3.3% B) 13.3% C) 23.3% D) 33.3%
B) 13.3%
How long do most sojourners remain in the U.S.? A) 10 years B) 2 to 5 years C) 1 year D) 4 to 5 years
B) 2 to 5 years
According to Figure 7.1, what is the median age of Native American females? A) 30.0 B) 31.0 C) 36.5 D) 38.2
B) 31.0
According to a 2011 poll by ABC News and the Washington Post, what percentage of respondents considered mainstream Islam a peaceful religion? A) 9% B) 43% C) 72% D) 82%
B) 43%
Between 1820 and 1900, fewer than __________ immigrants came to the U.S. from India A) 500 B) 800 C) 750 D) 900
B) 800
How many legal South American immigrants entered the United States between 2000 and 2009? A) 2,249,421 B) 856,508 C) 576,831 D) 502,247
B) 856,508
La Raza Cosmica refers to __________. A) an annual competitive event among Hispanic people B) a common bond and great destiny for the Hispanic peoples C) a master-race concept asserting Hispanics are superior D) the emphasis upon nuclear, not extended, families
B) A common bond and great destiny for the Hispanic people
The Amish allow __________. A) conservative behavior from their teenagers B) adolescent rebelliousness prior to adult church membership C) their teenagers to date outgroup members D) educational achievement through high school only
B) Adolescent rebelliousness prior to adult church membership
In terms of income, which group has benefited most from all the civil rights actions? A) Black poor B) Black middle class C) Both the black poor and the black middle class D) Neither the black poor nor the black middle class
B) Black middle class
Which of the following presents the conflict view of ethnic competition for jobs? A) An influx of Chinese workers to the United States to expand the nationwide railroad system B) Blacks in Harlem and Brooklyn urging boycotts of Korean stores C) Korean picture brides and students migrating to the United States between 1907 and 1924 D) Black-Filipino animosity on the East Coast leading to the emigration of Filipinos
B) Blacks in Harlem and Brooklyn urging boycotts of Korean stores.
__________ theorists often find validity with the split-labor-market approach and point to the experiences of Syrian/Lebanese men in the United States as strikebreakers as further evidence to support that theory. A) Functionalist B) Conflict C) Interactionist D) Feminist
B) Conflict
__________ theorists viewed the terrible actions of 9/11 as a real threat to reducing prejudice because the already existing social distance of Arab Americans would make it easy to stereotype all of them as radical extremists. A) Functionalist B) Conflict C) Interactionist D) Feminist
B) Conflict
__________ theory explains ethnic conflict as economic exploitation of minority groups. A) Functionalist B) Conflict C) Social interactionist D) Ecological
B) Conflict
The split-labor-market theory belongs to __________. A) functionalist theory B) conflict theory C) social interactionist theory D) feminist theorists
B) Conflict theory
__________explains ethnic struggles as economic exploitation of minority groups. A) Functionalist theory B) Conflict theory C) Social interactionist theory D) Ecological theory
B) Conflict theory
The 1960s sit-ins and freedom rides are examples of which minority response pattern? A) Avoidance B) Defiance C) Deviance D) Self-justification
B) Defiance
The 1973 Wounded Knee incident illustrates which minority-response pattern? A) Annihilation B) Defiance C) Deviance D) Avoidance
B) Defiance
__________ explains ethnic tensions from the conflict view. A) Employers needing inexpensive Asian labor, and reaping the profits B) Dominant groups using intergroup ethnic antagonisms to divide the working class to protect their own interests C) Cultural traditions and family cohesiveness being a positive function easing the adjustment of Asian immigrants into U.S. society D) The changing religious meanings and rituals that occur with assimilation
B) Dominant groups using intergroup ethnic antagonisms to divide the working class to protect their own interests
__________ brought an end to the forcible detention of the Japanese in 1945. A) Korematsu v. United States of America B) Endo v. United States of America C) The Japanese American Citizens League D) The Foreign Visitors Act
B) Endo v. United States of America
What primary motivation prompted the Mormons to move westward from New York? A) Economic opportunity B) Expulsion C) Overpopulation D) Railroad work
B) Expulsion
What is the main "hot button" issue that that triggers nativists' ire more than any other ethnic manifestation by Hispanics? A) Large families B) Extensive use of the Spanish language C) Catholicism D) Refusal to participate in 4th of July celebrations
B) Extensive use of the Spanish language
As a whole, the patterns for recent Hispanic immigrants can be said to be __________ those for other racial and ethnic groups. A) vastly different than B) extremely similar to C) harder than D) easier than
B) Extremely similar to
In Puerto Rico, as in all Latin American countries, an individual's identity, importance, and security depend on __________. A) migration patterns B) family membership C) religion D) occupation
B) Family Membership
One way the Gentlemen's Agreement improved the personal lives of U.S. Japanese was __________. A) the authorization of small business loans B) giving permission for wives to enter the United States C) the right to own land D) the liberalization of immigration regulations
B) Giving permission for wives to enter the United States
Chinatowns today are __________. A) declining in size, like many European ethnic communities B) growing larger than in earlier years C) primarily tourist attractions, not residential clusters D) being replaced by Hispanic communities
B) Growing larger than in earlier years
In what way can we say that Hinduism is like most Western religions? A) It originated with a single founder. B) It reflects a diverse set of practices and philosophical concepts. C) It has a single system of morality. D) It has a specific theological system.
B) It reflects a diverse set of practices and philosophical concepts
__________ constitute the largest non-Hispanic immigrant population from the Caribbean. A) Haitians B) Jamaicans C) Cubans D) Kenyans
B) Jamaicans
What are identified in the text as "the basic building blocks" of Native American societies? A) Intertribal alliances B) Kin relationships C) The buffalo D) Ancestor worship
B) Kin relationships
Most Palestinian Americans are __________. A) Buddhist B) Muslim C) Hindu D) Atheist
B) Muslim
Unrestrained displays of affection or temper and the use of corporal punishment have rarely been part of __________ child-care practices. A) European B) Native American C) Greek D) Christian
B) Native Americans
What two metropolitan areas account for approximately half of all Israeli Jews living in the U.S.? A) San Antonio and El Paso B) New York City and Los Angeles C) Upper Marlboro and Chevy Chase D) Dallas and Austin
B) New York City and Los Angeles
Native-born blacks __________. A) rarely face racial issues in their social acceptance B) raised in the Northeast tend to differ in lifestyles and interaction patterns compared to those from the South C) are pretty homogenous as a group D) are completely integrated into society
B) Raised in the Northeast tend to differ in lifestyle and interaction patterns compared to those from the South
The Hmong __________. A) technically are Laotians B) society is patrilineal C) identify with a national identity D) have a lot of exposure to the modern world
B) Society is patrilineal
What happened in 1990 that led an 11-year-long exodus of Nicaraguan refugees to subside? A) The contra war began. B) The Sandinistra regime was voted out. C) Nicaraguan asylees were denied resident status. D) Immigration services denied entry to all Nicaraguan refugees.
B) The Sandinistra regime was voted out.
In the United States, machismo causes a culture class because it often involves __________. A) the stereotype of a woman as a sex object B) the belief in male dominance and female submissiveness C) less opportunity for males to display physical prowess D) the emphasis upon nuclear, not extended, families
B) The belief in male dominance and female submissivesness
Which is part of the Rastafarian behavior code? A) An emphasis on frequent cleaning to maintain dreadlocks B) Using only natural foods without chemical processing C) Drinking only natural milk, not liquor or soda D) Using "you" and "me" only when speaking to outgroup members
B) Using only natural foods without chemical processing
In what ways were Asian immigrants in the United States similar to the first European immigrants? A) They assimilated very quickly due to similarities in religious belief. B) When encountering hostile natives, they chose to settle in homogenous communities near their port of entry. C) Their success can be largely explained by gains in political representation. D) Although a statistical majority, they experienced minority social status.
B) When encountering hostile natives, they chose to settle in homogenous communities near their port of entry.
Iranian Americans experiencing mixed feelings about no longer living in the homeland call themselves __________. A) mandegar B) belataklif C) slyasi D) Now-Ruz
B) belataklif
Malik and his immediate family came to the United States a few years ago. They have managed to carve out a nice, middle class lifestyle that they could never have imagined for themselves in their home country. Over the course of letters and phone calls, they convince some of their friends and extended family to come as well. This is a pattern known as __________ migration. A) acquaintance B) chain C) legal D) gradual
B) chain
Mormons forbid __________. A) eating meat B) coffee or tea C) having sex D) women working
B) coffee or tea
Although she recognizes that slavery happened generations ago, Shilene cannot help but see the connection between the long term economic exploitation of labor and current inequalities. She is a(n) __________ theorist. A) functionalist B) conflict C) interactionist D) critical race
B) conflict
Bob, a __________ theorist, thinks the Asian immigrant experience is simple, when U.S. employers needed cheap labor they opened the doors and downplayed tensions. When economic times turned bad, they divided the working class and let immigrant persecution go unchecked. A) functionalist B) conflict C) interactionist D) feminist
B) conflict
David is not a religious person. He thinks dominant religions are simply tools of the powerful to keep other people from challenging the status quo. His views are in line with __________ theory. A) functionalist B) conflict C) interactionist D) feminist
B) conflict
From a __________ perspective, split-labor-market theory explains the experiences of several Asian groups very well as employers exploited the Asian willingness to work for very low wages. A) functionalist B) conflict C) interactionist D) feminist
B) conflict
When trying to understand the Latin American experience in the United States, Raul continually stresses the dual pillars of residential segregation and economic inequality and exploitation. His views are in line with __________ theory. A) functionalist B) conflict C) interactionist D) feminist
B) conflict
Tyreke found that Lieberson's power theory really resonated with the way he understood American Indian-white relations. He thinks that the quest for and exercise of power shaped these relations more than anything else because he is a __________. A) functionalist B) conflict theorist C) interactionist D) feminist
B) conflict theorist
Which theoretical perspective is most likely to point out that Latinos are persistently restricted to low-paying job opportunities? A) functionalism B) conflict theory C) interactionism D) feminist theory
B) conflict theory
The gradual and pervasive change in the values of people is known as __________. A) value shift B) cultural drift C) cultural differentiation D) value evolution
B) cultural drift
Myrdal called the intensification of discrimination resulting from Jim Crow laws __________. A) exponential pathology B) cumulative causation C) behavioral rigidity D) societal racism
B) cumulative causation
Segregation for Blacks has __________ over the last 20 years. A) increased B) decreased C) remained the same D) been impossible to measure
B) decreased
According to conflict analysis, improvement of Hispanic status depends upon their __________. A) learning the English language B) developing political power C) benefiting from greater government jobs programs D) reduced immigration to stabilize their ethnic communities
B) developing political power
Franklin's account of the Indian response to the offer of scholarships for educating Indian youth at Williamsburg illustrates __________. A) assimilation B) different value orientations C) integration D) upward mobility
B) different value orientations
Some ethnophaulisms about the Chinese dealt with perceptions of them being __________. A) industrious B) dirty C) quiet D) violent
B) dirty
The push factors for Syrian immigrants included__________. A) low unemployment B) disease C) Chinese oppression D) job opportunities
B) disease
Muslims are concerned about __________ interfering with their ability to maintain the integrity of their way of life. A) work B) divorce C) television D) the government
B) divorce
Iranian immigration, which peaked in the 1980s, __________. A) more than doubled the number from the 1970s B) dropped in the 1990's before picking up again in the 2000s C) has been more or less steady since the 1950s D) is currently at record low levels
B) dropped in the 1990's before picking up again in the 2000s
The greatest conflict between Catholics and Protestants was on the subject of __________. A) tax exemption status B) education C) zoning variances for convents D) Sunday blue laws
B) education
The term "inscrutable" is __________. A) used almost exclusively to describe Hispanics, especially the Mexican and Puerto Rico immigrants B) exemplified by Asians who defy understanding due to their markedly non-Western physical appearance, language, belief systems, customs, stoicism, and observable behavior C) a way of explaining that diversity of Asian ethnic characteristics should be understood in terms of their own traditions D) a way of describing the lack of acculturation and assimilation of minority groups
B) exemplified by Asians who defy understanding due to their markedly non-Western physical appearance, language, belief systems, customs, stoicism, and observable behavior
Mormon values stress __________. A) religious exploration B) family togetherness C) economic independence D) independent thinking
B) family togetherness
The General Allotment Act of 1887 attempted to __________. A) establish permanent Indian reservations B) give individual allocations of food and clothing C) offer employment assistance in urban centers D) end communal ownership of Indian lands and encourage private ownership
B) give individual allocations of food and clothing
Most Egyptian Americans __________. A) live within well-defined urban ethnic communities when they first arrive B) have children who experience great difficulty adjusting to American culture C) do not marry outside their ethnic community D) live in Louisiana
B) have children who experience great difficulty adjusting to American culture
North Africans and Middle Eastern immigrants __________. A) come from a part of the world predominantly governed by Eastern thought B) have come since the 1965 Immigration Act C) have cultures that are as monolithic as their religious affiliation (Islam) D) have never voluntarily come to the United States
B) have come since the 1965 Immigration Act
With regard to ethnic inequality, the functionalist view suggests that __________. A) inequality exists in all societies because of distinct ethnic mentalities B) in a society, a value consensus develops about the functional importance in meeting the needs and priorities of society C) slavery offered the south an effective means of finding a consensus between whites and blacks D) ethnic differences are really just a struggle for class status and social position
B) in a society, a value consensus develops about the functional importance in meeting the needs and priorities of society
Since the mid-1960s, the number of elected black officials has __________. A) increased slightly B) increased dramatically C) decreased slightly D) decreased dramatically
B) increased dramatically
The Bell Curve says the best explanation of wealth, status, poverty, and social pathologies is __________. A) education B) intelligence C) occupation D) work ethic
B) intelligence
The term used for the gradual replacement in a neighborhood of one group by another is__________. A) block-busting B) invasion-succession C) migration D) gradated sequencing
B) invasion-succession
An important component of adjustment, acceptance, and assimilation is__________. A) arranged marriages B) length of U.S. residence C) older age at immigration D) recent visits to the country of origin
B) length of U.S. residence
A common social center for working-class Palestinian Americans is the__________. A) neighborhood bar B) local coffeehouse C) corner grocery store D) parish church
B) local coffeehouse
In explaining what her life as an immigrant is like to her U.S. friends, Shariz stresses the importance of the __________, which serves a religious purpose, an educational purpose, a social purpose and acts as a kind of social service agency. A) YMCA B) mosque C) Arab League D) community school
B) mosque
In 1923, the U. S. Supreme Court ruled that Asian Indians were__________. A) whites B) non-white and ineligible for citizenship C) eligible for citizenship D) too culturally inferior to be citizens
B) non-white and ineligible for citizenship
The occupation of Alcatraz island in 1969 was a(n) __________. A) effort by American Indians to overthrow the U.S. government B) protest designed to draw attention to the concerns of American Indians C) attempt by the United States government to make amends for treaty violations with American Indians D) international peace effort by indigenous peoples from many different countries
B) protest designed to draw attention to the concerns of American Indians
Jim Crow Laws __________. A) caused a massive migration of blacks to the southern states B) reflected southern states' embracing the notion of separate but equal upheld in Plessy v. Ferguson C) meant that segregation became the norm only in limited areas in the South D) were common in northern states in the form of poll tax laws
B) reflected southern states' embracing the notion of separate but equal upheld in Plessy v. Ferguson
A Hispanic student who does not look her teacher in the eye is very likely doing so because she __________. A) feels guilty B) respects her teacher C) disrespects her teacher D) has not been raised well by her parents
B) respects her teacher
In a larger context, the fundamental difference in values that separate European Americans from Native Americans is that European Americans __________. A) see art and religion holistically B) see the world from a linear perspective C) emphasize experience over interpretation D) understand life as a great circle
B) see the world from a linear perspective
Native Americans experienced __________ from the dominant group. A) affirmative action B) segregation C) assimilation D) celebration
B) segregation
African immigrants and black Americans __________. A) identify with each other because of the racial bond B) seldom interact because of the cultural differences C) are alike, since both are African Americans D) come into frequent conflict with one another
B) seldom interact because of the cultural differences
Asian Indians have a __________. A) higher birth rate than any other Asian group B) significantly lower birth rate than any other Asian group C) similar birth rate to other Asian groups D) slightly lower birth rate than any other Asian group
B) significantly lower birth rate than any other Asian group
In Latin American countries, __________. A) racial prejudice is nonexistent B) social class, not race, is the primary basis for differential treatment C) a sharp racial line determines social standing D) racial prejudice is worse than in the United States
B) social class, not race, is the primary basis for differential treatment
Racism emerged as an ideology __________. A) after slavery began in the United States B) sometime in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries C) during the sectional rivalry in the early nineteenth century D) only in the twentieth century
B) sometime in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries
Columbus's first impressions of the Arawak tribe in the Caribbean reflected __________. A) xenophobia B) stereotyping C) ethnocentrism D) self-justification
B) stereotyping
Generally, traditional Asian values emphasized __________. A) freedom of behavior B) strict control of aggressive or assertive impulses C) independent thought and behavior D) atheism
B) strict control of aggressive or assertive impulses
After the Gentlemen's Agreement Act of 1908 curtailed Japanese emigration, the Hawaiian Sugar Planters' Association recruited laborers from __________. A) China B) the Philippines C) Vietnam D) the continental United States
B) the Philippines
Phuc duc is __________. A) the belief in astrology as important in child-rearing practices B) the amount of good fortune accumulated over generations of conduct C) the belief in the ability to determine one's own fate D) another term for reincarnation
B) the amount of good fortune accumulated over generations of conduct
Blauner's "internal-colonialism" refers to __________. A) the rise in tenement housing B) the large number of African Americans trapped in ghettos C) racial pride D) a negative mindset found in Blacks
B) the large number of African Americans trapped in ghettos
Looking at the TV news about inner-city black adolescents' delinquency problems, John thinks that blacks are the cause of social problems in the US. This is an example of __________. A) overt racism B) the subtlety of racism C) institutional racism D) external prejudice
B) the subtlety of racism
The expulsion of the Cherokee was primarily motivated by __________. A) their inability to fit in with white society B) their fertile land that was coveted by whites C) their active assaults on the white settlements D) religious reasons
B) their fertile land that was coveted by whites
The 1980s Miami riot __________. A) was black versus Asian B) was caused by black resentment against the Cuban community C) was about protesting the war in Vietnam D) lasted for 13 years
B) was caused by black resentment against the Cuban community
Settlement patterning of recent Arab immigrants tends to be__________. A) in tight clusters in the inner city B) widespread and in loose clusters C) almost exclusively on the West Coast D) in rural and suburban areas
B) widespread and in loose clusters
What percentage of Arab Americans have a post graduate degree? A) 10% B) 15% C) 18% D) 20%
C) 18%
In what year did the Mormon church announce that blacks could become priests? A) 1948 B) 1969 C) 1978 D) 1990
C) 1978
Approximately what percentage of the Mississippi Choctaw perished in their march to Oklahoma? A) 5% B) 15% C) 25% D) 45%
C) 25%
Based on the U.S. Census Bureau, 2011, approximately what percentage of American Indians own their homes? A) 17% B) 35% C) 54% D) 67%
C) 54%
In 1970, the total population of Latin America and the Caribbean was more than 285 million. What was the approximate population in 2012? A) 100 million B) 160 million C) 599 million D) 400 million
C) 599 million
The local and regional association that helps Palestinian immigrants adjust to life in the United States is called the__________. A) Chain Migration Association B) Arab Nation C) American Federation of Ramallah D) Nation of Islam
C) American Federation of Ramallah
For Asian and white Americans it is generally true that __________. A) Asian men are less educated than white men B) Asian women have the highest education of all races C) Asian poverty level is lower than that of the white population D) More Asian families own their home than white families
C) Asian poverty level is lower than that of the white population
__________viewed Native Americans as Noble Savages, while __________ viewed them as bloodthirsty barbarians. A) Bartolome de las Casas; Columbus B) Juan Gines de Sepulveda; Bartolome de las Casas C) Bartolome de las Casas; Juan Gines de Sepulveda D) Columbus; Juan Gines de Sepulveda
C) Bartolome de las Casas; Juan Gines de Sepulveda
Before European colonization, approximately how many Native Americans lived in what would become the United States? A) Less than one million B) Between one and six million C) Between six and ten million D) Over ten million
C) Between six and ten million
The conflict view on the experiences of African Americans stresses that __________. A) compared to the era of slavery, more recent economic exploitation of blacks may be even more obvious B) confining blacks to marginal positions preserved better-paying job opportunities for Hispanics C) Blauner's internal-colonialism theory is appropriate for understanding the racial oppression of blacks D) slavery creates a meaning system that develops among slaves to communicate with one another in the presence of the dominant group
C) Blauner's internal-colonialism theory is appropriate for understanding the racial oppression of blacks
Islam incorporates many beliefs and practices of__________. A) Buddhism and Hinduism B) Buddhism and Christianity C) Christianity and Judaism D) Christianity and Hinduism
C) Christianity and Judaism
The greatest number of South American immigrants came from __________. A) Argentina B) Chile C) Colombia D) Ecuador
C) Colombia
According to Figure 11.3, __________ appear to have the most prosperous economic status. A) Mexicans B) Puerto Ricans C) Cubans D) Central Americans
C) Cubans
What groups have low intermarriage rates with non-Hispanics? A) Central and South Americans B) Cubans and Mexicans C) Dominicans and Puerto Ricans D) Colombians and Peruvians
C) Dominicans and Puerto Ricans
A "No Trespassing" sign would most likely be found in which culture? A) Native American B) Swedish C) European-American D) East African
C) European-American
__________ is/are least likely to have a favorable view of Islam. A) College students B) Seculars C) Evangelical Protestants D) People under 30 years old
C) Evangelical Protestants
Which state historically provided the most opportunity and protection for Asian immigrants? A) California B) Alaska C) Hawaii D) Oregon
C) Hawaii
__________ is a current pattern in Asian-American assimilation. A) Low family median income B) High rates of poverty C) High rates of racial intermarriage D) High residential segregation
C) High rates of racial intermarriage
__________ had the biggest decrease in high school dropouts between 2000 and 2010. A) Whites B) African Americans C) Hispanics D) Asian Americans
C) Hispanics
Linda, as a(n) __________, stresses that Hispanics are not a monolithic group even though non-Hispanic Americans tend to view them and stereotype them that way. A) functionalist B) conflict C) interactionist D) feminist
C) Interactionist
Many groups rely on religion to help them make sense of the world and to interpret both daily and cosmic level events. Jill stresses this meaning making function of religion because she is a(n) __________. A) functionalist B) conflict theorist C) interactionist D) feminist
C) Interactionist
__________ theory focuses on how European immigrants in the United States interpreted the actions of the Asian immigrants and translated these interpretations into action. A) Functionalist B) Conflict C) Interactionist D) Feminist
C) Interactionist
In seeking to explain the experiences of Middle Eastern and North African immigrants to the United States, Diadra, an immigrant from Syria, talks about how she gets along with everyone at work, but socially, she is not well integrated beyond her own compatriots. __________ stress that this increases opportunities for ethnic stereotypes and division to emerge. A) Functionalists B) Conflict theorists C) Interactionists D) Feminists
C) Interactionists
Which worldwide religion is second to Christianity in membership numbers? A) Buddhism B) Hinduism C) Islam D) Taoism
C) Islam
Hispanics are heavily underrepresented in __________. A) blue collar jobs B) manufacturing jobs C) managerial positions D) service occupations
C) Managerial positions
One tribe brought to economic disaster by the termination program was the __________. A) Cherokee B) Iroquois C) Menominee D) Taos Pueblo
C) Menominee
__________ is a social dysfunction that Asian immigrants experienced in the 18th and 19th century. A) Long-lasting economic prosperity B) High rates of intermarriage C) Negative legislation against Asian immigrants D) Affirmative action
C) Negative legislation against Asian immigrants
Changes in the U.S. economy affect Puerto Rico because __________. A) most of its labor force works on the mainland B) it is only a small island C) of its economic dependency on the United States D) the only industry in Puerto Rico is servicing cruise ships from the U.S.
C) Of its economic dependency on the Untied States
Which religious group has grown the most vigorously in recent years? A) Mormons B) Jehovah's Witnesses C) Pentecostal Assemblies of God D) Presbyterians
C) Pentecostal Assemblies of God
Through the __________, the United States reserved the right to intervene in Cuba if necessary to protect U.S. interests. A) Know-Nothing Party B) Labor Unions C) Platt Amendment D) Peace Act Agreement
C) Platt Amendment
Cuban cultural values emphasize __________. A) living in order to work and achieve physical comfort B) directing hostility into physical violence C) readily displaying kindness and generosity D) being unwitty or disagreeable
C) Readily displaying kindness and generosity
In what ways do Jewish Israeli immigrants maintain their identity? A) Become naturalized U.S. citizens B) Marry U.S. citizens C) Remain active in Israeli organizations D) Live in mixed communities
C) Remain active in Israeli organizations
__________ was a major social problem affecting most Asian immigrants up through the 1940s. A) Alcoholism B) Suicide C) Shortage of women D) Nationalism
C) Shortage of women
True or False) Arab Americans appear to be generally unconcerned about racial differences in the United States.
True
__________ explains ethnic stereotypes as the dominant group's premature response to minority groups. A) Functionalist theory B) Conflict theory C) Social interactionist theory D) Ecological theory
C) Social interactionist theory
__________ assimilation is much more likely for Arab Americans to the extent that they have lived in the U.S. for a long time, were younger at the age of immigration, and are Christian. A) Straight-line B) Segmented C) Structural D) Similar
C) Structural
Which of the following could be reasonably drawn from the textbook's account of the Cherokee westward expulsion? A) That the Cherokee achieved amalgamation with European Americans. B) That ethnic pluralism has been a dominant culture value throughout American history. C) That attempts at assimilation can be disastrous failures. D) That the Cherokee were uninterested in assimilating with European American culture.
C) That attempts at assimilation can be disastrous failures.
Turkish emigration to the United States was low because__________. A) the United States was a Jewish country B) the traditional Turkish pattern of migration involved only small groups emigrating C) Turkish law barred any emigrant from ever returning D) very few states allowed their entry
C) Turkish law barred any emigrant from ever returning
Compared to most other Hispanic-American groups except for South Americans, Cubans have __________. A) lower educational attainment B) a higher unemployment rate C) a higher median family income D) worse cultural values
C) a higher median family income
The experiences of Iraqi immigrants in Detroit illustrates __________. A) a persistent subculture despite changes in the homeland B) changes in the homeland changing immigrant orientations C) a village-oriented community nestled in an urban region D) hostility against them because of the oil crisis
C) a village-oriented community nestled in an urban region
Hindus are __________. A) vegetarians B) polytheistic C) able to practice another religion simultaneously D) a minority religious group in every country where they are present
C) able to practice another religion simultaneously
In the early 20th century, migrants from India were __________. A) middle class B) college educated C) agricultural laborers D) professionally trained
C) agricultural laborers
Immigration legislation after 1965__________. A) effectively limited the number of immigrants from both Western and non-Western world B) were based on the restrictive national-origins quota system C) allowed more non-Western immigrants to gain approval to migrate D) has consistently restricted immigration for non-Christians
C) allowed more non-Western immigrants to gain approval to migrate
According to functional analysis, __________. A) the Hispanic community is unimportant in adjustment to U.S. life B) Cuban revitalization of neighborhoods has hurt other Hispanic groups C) allowing an underclass undermines personal rights and equal opportunities D) existence of a dual economy denies job opportunities to Hispanics
C) allowing an underclass undermines personal rights and equal opportunities
In the early twentieth century, U.S. policy toward Puerto Rico was __________. A) mostly to encourage economic investment B) simply exploitation C) an attempt at Americanization D) introduction of pluralism
C) an attempt at Americanization
Puerto Ricans and Dominicans have exceptionally high rates of intermarriage with __________. A) other Hispanics B) non-Hispanics C) each other D) Blacks
C) each other
The conflict perspective would emphasize that __________. A) industrialists often used Syrian/Lebanese men to strengthen unions in the Northeast B) the Syrian/Lebanese offered factory owners a more expensive and more skilled labor alternative C) economic competition between two wage level groups generated ethnic antagonism and violence D) better-educated immigrants become functionally integrated fairly easily
C) economic competition between two wage level groups generated ethnic antagonism and violence
Myths about Black racial inferiority __________. A) began with the ancient Egyptians B) originated in Africa to discourage the slave trade C) emerged as a rationalization for U.S. slavery D) were rejected by slave owners who knew Blacks worked hard
C) emerged as a rationalization for U.S. slavery
Black men are more likely than white men to be employed as __________. A) high school principals B) university professors C) food-service workers D) sanitation workers
C) food-service workers
As a result of Congress's termination of sovereign nation status for Native American tribes, __________ became responsible for the welfare of Native Americans. A) inter-tribal councils B) tribal chiefs C) government bureaucrats D) churches
C) government bureaucrats
The education of Native-Americans __________. A) will enable the next generation to enter the mainstream B) is more effective at the boarding schools than elsewhere C) has made great strides in reducing the drop-out rate D) results in fewer high school graduates than for other U.S. minority groups
C) has made great strides in reducing the drop-out rate
Compared to Mexican Americans, Puerto Ricans __________. A) are less fluent in English B) have a higher number of high school dropouts C) have seen their poverty rates decline D) have a longer length of residence in the mainland United States
C) have seen their poverty rates decline
A common aspect of all Amish communities is their __________. A) beautiful country churches B) adaptability to modern life C) high degree of integration and harmony D) dependence on tourism
C) high degree of integration and harmony
Functionalists would say that__________. A) newcomers exacerbate the competition for scarce resources and set up class divisions B) the split-labor market theory explains the antagonism and violence early newcomers faced C) immigration laws ensure a support system in relative preference D) social integration follows workplace integration
C) immigration laws ensure a support system in relative preference
In an essay for her sociology class, Ashley takes a __________ point of view and argues that the rough times that some Asian immigrants have had is partially due to the wide social distance between them and mainstream society which resulted in more opportunities for negative stereotypes to develop. A) functionalist B) conflict C) interactionist D) feminist
C) interactionist
Sally, a __________ theorist, points to the high rates of inter-ethnic violence that results in massive victimization rates for American Indians as evidence of a labeling and dehumanization process. A) functionalist B) conflict C) interactionist D) feminist
C) interactionist
The major problem with the Bureau of Indian Affairs dealing with Native Americans is that __________. A) no Native Americans are in leadership positions within the organization B) the organization is not large enough to handle the many different tribes C) it is a bureaucracy attempting to run people's lives D) the Bureau is inherently racist
C) it is a bureaucracy attempting to run people's lives
According to Miller, Americans are leaving mainstream churches in droves to __________. A) join cults B) embrace atheism C) join nondenominational churches D) start their own religions
C) join nondenominational churches
Syrian-Lebanese assimilation is nearly complete because they now have __________, which is what Milton Gordon calls the last stage of assimilation. A) financial security B) upward mobility C) large-scale intermarriage D) representation in all jobs and professions
C) large-scale intermarriage
Urban Native Americans __________. A) tend to settle in ethnic enclaves as have most immigrant groups B) assimilate rather quickly and are not a visible minority C) may become acculturated but usually not assimilated D) are extremely small in numbers
C) may become acculturated but usually not assimilated
Language may subconsciously encourage racial prejudgment __________. A) if people use nasty words B) because if you hear words, you believe them C) of the negative connotations of some D) of their frequent repetition
C) of the negative connotations of some
The number of religious groups in the United States today numbers __________. A) under 500 B) about 1,000 C) over 1,500 D) over 2,000
C) over 1,500
Their __________ helps Palestinians living in the United States maintain their ethnic identity. A) language B) priests and churches C) political cause D) cultural institute program
C) political cause
A "push" factor spurring early Japanese migration was__________. A) religious persecution B) political unrest C) primogeniture D) famine
C) primogeniture
I and I is used among Rastafarians to __________. A) distinguish themselves from other religions B) denote who is inside and outside of the religion C) promote equality and oneness with everyone D) show respect for elders
C) promote equality and oneness with everyone
The measurable impact of the massive civil rights legislation was its __________. A) changing of people's attitudes B) creation of the welfare system C) provision of equal life opportunities for African Americans D) exclusion of Native Americans
C) provision of equal life opportunities for African Americans
According to the functionalist view, the better educated, better skilled, and better connected immigrants__________. A) are typically welcomed immediately upon arriving into a new country B) are celebrated by their host countries C) quickly adjust D) actually have a harder time leaving their old country behind
C) quickly adjust
Belief that a wrong had to be repaid, even if it took years, but not to a greater degree is called __________. A) self-justification B) ethnocentrism C) retributive justice D) noncompetitive revenge
C) retributive justice
Mexican Americans in Los Angeles and New Mexico compared to those living elsewhere, __________. A) are less likely to enter the mainstream of U.S. society B) exhibit a greater retention of their culture C) show a greater degree of assimilation D) live mostly in the poorest sections of the cities
C) show a greater degree of assimilation
The median age for Native American males is about __________ than the median age in the U.S. population. A) three years younger B) three years older C) six years younger D) six years older
C) six years younger
In the Puerto Rican American communities, bodegas serve as __________. A) religious temples B) hair salons C) social gathering places D) a source of cultural pride
C) social gathering places
The black middle class __________. A) has earnings that are comparable to the white middle class B) has businesses that are more susceptible to failure because of government intervention C) still endures various forms of racism D) is increasingly returning to Africa
C) still endures various forms of racism
For recent ethnic tensions __________. A) conflict is usually more intense than toward previous waves of immigrants B) the majority of conflict is between recent immigrants C) the fear of further terrorist attacks and racial profiling add to underlying tension D) the extreme violence has slowed immigration to a trickle
C) the fear of further terrorist attacks and racial profiling add to underlying tension
Variances in the Hispanic experience in the United States are due to __________. A) their heritage B) lacking a common language C) the regions in which they settled D) religious beliefs
C) the regions in which they settled
A recent proposal suggested that many reservations be used as __________. A) national parks B) tourist camping grounds C) toxic dumping grounds D) independent municipalities
C) toxic dumping grounds
Controversies over abortion and school prayer __________. A) once again pit Protestants against Catholics B) are illustrations of civil religion C) unite people of many different faiths in a common cause D) threaten to create deep religious division in the country
C) unite people of many different faiths in a common cause
In what year did the Mormon church announce that blacks could become priests? A) 1948 B) 1969 C) 1978 D) 1990
C)1978
__________ is a gradual and pervasive change in a people's values.
Cultural drift
What was the difference between other ethnic groups and African immigrants in the U.S. during the years of slavery? A) Neither other ethnic groups nor African immigrants could re-create in miniature the society they left behind. B) The South made educating black slaves and other ethnic groups a criminal offense. C) Through hard work and perseverance, African immigrants were able to overcome nativist fears and prejudices. D) 200 years of master-slave relations shaped values and attitudes about whites and blacks that still linger today.
D) 200 years of master-slave relations shaped values and attitudes about whites and blacks that still linger today.
What percentage of blacks believe that major conflicts still exist between the races? A) 47% B) 35% C) 75% D) 53%
D) 53%
What percentage of Latino voters did Obama receive in 2012? A) 7% B) 20% C) 52% D) 71%
D) 71%
Of all the Arab American groups, __________ have the highest level of educational attainment.
Egyptians
The government administrator in charge of the Native American relocation program had also presided over the __________. A) the Indian Removal Act B) the General Allotment Act C) the Restoration Act D) Japanese American internment camps
D) Japanese American internment camps
A Hispanic male's felt responsibility to protect his family's honor might be identified by which term? A) Marianismo B) La Raza Cosmica C) Interdependencia D) Machismo
D) Machismo
__________ has the highest percentage of Hispanic residents. A) Chicago B) Houston C) San Diego D) Miami
D) Miami
According to Benjamin Franklin's account, which of the following did the Iroquois consider to be elements of European education? A) Knowledge of cabin building B) Increased masculinity C) Knowledge of the Iroquois language D) Nothing useful for living in the woods
D) Nothing useful for living in the woods
Jonathan is an American Indian whose parents have lived outside of reservations all of their lives. Lately he has decided to return to the old ways of his ancestors even though he has a job at a major corporation. He is reviving some old customs and even speaks both English and his native tribal language. What stage of assimilation is he in? A) Marginal B) Bicultural C) Assimilated D) Pan-traditional
D) Pan-traditional
Dominicans commonly co-exist in neighborhoods alongside those of the __________. A) Cubans B) Mexicans C) Nicaraguans D) Puerto Ricans
D) Puerto Ricans
U.S. Catholics today are __________. A) less than ten percent of the total population B) declining in numbers, except for Hispanic immigrant additions C) more than 50 percent of the total population D) the largest single religious denomination in the United States
D) The largest single denomination in the United States
As their length of time in the country grows, Mexican immigrants close the earning gap with __________ but not with non-Hispanic whites. A) Native Americans B) Blacks C) Asians D) U.S. born Mexican Americans
D) U.S. born Mexican Americans
__________ is south of Bolivia. A) Venezuela B) Columbia C) El Salvador D) Uruguay
D) Uruguay
Santeria in the United States today is __________. A) exclusively followed by Hispanics B) a highly ethnocentric Cuban religion C) against any form of animal sacrifice D) a multi-ethnic, multi-racial, secret religion
D) a multi-ethnic, multi-racial, secret religion
Japanese-Americans' emphasis on conformity, aspiration, competitiveness, discipline, and self-control has resulted in __________. A) changes in Japanese family structure and husband-wife roles B) more rapid assimilation C) increased opportunities due to resettlement D) better school performance than other American students
D) better school performance than other American students
Today's second-generation Iranian Americans are mostly__________. A) living in poverty B) born to working-class parents C) living in the southeastern United States D) born to middle-class professional parents
D) born to middle-class professional parents
U.S. Catholics and Protestants fundamentally differ on the issue of __________. A) abortion B) school prayer C) birth control D) clerical celibacy
D) clerical celibacy
Utah is among the top states in the country in__________. A) divorce rates B) illiteracy C) high school dropout rates D) college graduates
D) college graduates
Karl believes that racism is so interwoven into the fabric of U.S. society that our culture literally is sustained by a system of racism. Karl is a(n) __________. A) functionalist B) conflict theorist C) interactionist D) critical race theorist
D) critical race theorist
Mexican Americans may be described as __________. A) nonassimilable because of their proximity to Mexico B) confined almost exclusively to the American Southwest C) a single group of mostly impoverished workers D) diverse in values, socioeconomic status, and assimilation
D) diverse in values, socioeconomic status, and assimilation
In the mid-19th century, the U.S. government adopted a policy of __________ as a means to deal with Native Americans. A) xenophobia B) ethnocentrism C) outgroup hostility D) forced relocation
D) forced relocation
Immigration from Africa __________. A) is virtually nonexistent B) is down to a small trickle C) has been steadily declining since European colonial rule ended D) has been significantly increasing in recent years
D) has been significantly increasing in recent years
A very recent example of deviance in the Chinese community is __________. A) gambling B) tongs C) brothels D) juvenile delinquency
D) juvenile delinquency
According to interactionist analysis, Anglos __________. A) have good awareness of Hispanic diversity because of television B) are highly receptive to Hispanic pluralism C) apply understandings of European immigrant patterns to the Hispanics D) often misinterpret Hispanic ethnicity and behavior
D) often misinterpret Hispanic ethnicity and behavior
Population movement since 1960 from inside to outside central cities __________. A) involved few African Americans B) reduced the percentage of African Americans living outside central cities C) kept the proportion of African Americans living outside central cities fairly constant D) resulted in most African Americans living outside central cities
D) resulted in most African Americans living outside central cities
In order to strengthen the group by removing errant members and silencing ideas which do not conform, the Amish may __________ a member. A) convert B) baptize C) excommunicate D) shun
D) shun
For Asian Indians, __________. A) the ease of population pressures has caused their emigration to decline B) the exodus restrictions have caused their emigration to decline C) their immigration has been fairly constant since 1970 D) the Asian-Indian population in the U.S. has increased dramatically in recent years
D) the Asian-Indian population in the U.S. has increased dramatically in recent years
The fact that __________ contributed to the success of some first and many second-generation Jewish Americans. A) they brought to America skills useful in an industrial society B) male immigrants were not burdened with familial commitments C) they lacked seriousness of purpose D) they put an emphasis on real world experience over school learning
D) they put an emphasis on real world experience over school learning
The 1992 Los Angeles riot __________. A) was a black versus white riot like the 1965 Watts riot B) did not involve Latinos C) was a black versus white and Korean riot D) was a multiracial riot with various conflict combinations
D) was a multiracial riot with various conflict combinations
The most serious resource shortage for many Western tribes is __________. A) electricity B) fertilizer C) natural gas D) water
D) water
True or False) According to the text, religious differences fan the flames of intense bigotry and acts of mob violence in the United States.
False
True or False) Although popular in the 19th century, today the Ku Klux Klan is considered a relic from the past.
False
True or False) Anti-Semitic behavior in the United States largely disappeared after World War II.
False
True or False) Asian Indians did not experience dominant group aggression as other Asian groups had.
False
True or False) Barack Obama's victory has lessened the scope of the race problem.
False
True or False) Bipolarization refers to the economic gap among blacks only.
False
True or False) Both Puerto Ricans and Mexican Americans have had steadily declining poverty rates in recent years.
False
True or False) Cambodians and Laotians, like the Vietnamese, came from the area of Southeast Asia formerly colonized and administered by England.
False
True or False) Legislators in all 50 states passed laws against miscegenation to prevent Asians from marrying whites.
False
True or False) Many of today's Arab Americans are less sophisticated than other middle-class U.S. citizens.
False
True or False) Most Palestinian Americans are Hindus.
False
The treaty of __________ ended the Mexican-American War in 1848.
Guadalupe Hidalgo
True or False) Arab Americans are more likely to be married than the total U.S. population.
True
The __________ in 1924 granted U.S. citizenship to Native Americans.
Indian Citizenship Act
__________ occurs when laws attempt to legitimize differential racial treatment.
Institutional racism
__________ means one group experiencing upward mobility gradually moves out of its old neighborhood.
Invasion-succession
True or False) Educational attainment translates into occupations and income.
True
__________ means a private Korean-American banking club to which members pay contributions and from which they may take out loans. It provides startup funds for their ethnic entrepreneurs.
Kye
Today, __________ make up more than one-fourth of the population in the metropolitan area of Buenos Aires.
Mestizos
__________, a term for interracial marriage, might have helped cause a society that deemphasized race.
Miscegenation
Church officials ask the media to use the term "the Church of Jesus Christ" instead of "__________."
Morman
After the Gentlemen's Agreement of 1908 curtailed Japanese emigration, the Hawaiian Sugar Planters' Association recruited laborers from the __________ to work the plantations.
Philippines
Hawaii's history dates back to 700 BCE with migration of __________ from the __________.
Polynesians, Marquesas
A __________ is an alien outside the United States who is unable or unwilling to return to his or her country because of persecution or a well-founded fear or persecution.
Refugee
__________ is a powerful social control mechanism that enables the Amish to maintain their way of life.
Shunning
__________ often serves as an unexpected basis of discrimination for Latinos coming to the United States.
Skin Color
__________ occurs when there is large-scale entrance of minority group members into primary-group relationships with the host society in its social organizations and institutions. It is rarely seen among first-generation immigrant groups.
Structural assimilation
__________ recognizes 565 different tribal entities in the United States.
The Bureau of Indian Affairs
__________ of 1964 was the most far-reaching legislation against racial discrimination ever passed.
The Civil Rights Act
True or False) After 1933, Franklin Roosevelt's administration shifted from a policy of forced assimilation to one of pluralism.
True
True or False) Although African Americans found greater freedom in the North, the dominant group's animosity toward them led to majority patterns of avoidance and discrimination.
True
True or False) Although fewer than 500 of 17,000 Cherokee signed, the 1836 treaty was ratified by the U.S. Senate.
True
True or False) Although he admired the Native Americans, Columbus essentially saw them as potential servants.
True
The word __________ rather than Negro became the accepted way of referring to this racial group in the 1970s.
black
When Reconstruction ended in 1876, blacks once again found themselves in a formalized inferior status through segregation laws, voting disfranchisement, __________ (state laws designed to keep blacks in subservient positions), job discrimination, and occupational eviction.
black codes
In the Mississippi Delta, Chinese grocers catered mostly to __________, extending them credit and providing other essential services.
blacks
A __________ might be a good location for a Puerto Rican to both buy groceries and find advice on buying a car.
bodega
Under the __________ program, Mexican aliens could enter the state legally as contract laborers.
bracero
Many recent immigrants to the United States from India have been professionals such as physicians, dentists, teachers, and skilled workers -- the very people India needs most to retain if the quality of life there is to improve. Most developing nations face this __________ problem.
brain drain
Churches in many older New England towns stand in the __________ of the community.
center
Most Mormon investments go directly into __________ companies.
church-run
According to the text, a __________ but not__________ relationship existed between the sexes in Native American culture.
cooperative, egalitarian
The South had __________ segregation, but Jim Crow—as a cause of black migration and a model for northern attitudes and actions—played an important role in the development of __________ segregation in the North.
de jure, de facto
The participation of Hispanic women in the labor force seems to be related to __________.
education level
Although some second-generation Indian young people still yield to their parents' traditional prerogative to arrange marriages, this is one area in which __________ is apparent. Most young people tolerate their parents' introduction to eligible mates but insist that the final choice is entirely their own.
ethnogenesis
As shown in the 1992 LA riot, social distance, economic frustration, envy, alienation, and a sense of being exploited all help explain the racial tensions that sometimes erupt into __________.
ethnoviolence
The early immigrants formed a __________ of village-oriented entrepreneurs whose religious traditions served as their self identification.
gemeinschaft
The 16th and 17th centuries were the period of European exploration and __________, during which Europeans came into contact with many physically different, less technologically advanced peoples.
imperialism
Blauner's __________ certainly applies to the segment of the black population that is trapped in a culture of poverty.
internal-colonialism theory
The APA struck a responsive chord with many Protestants who were afraid immigrant Catholics would take their __________.
jobs
As with most immigrant groups, __________ links play an important role in stabilizing community life for the Arab Americans.
kinship
Among the push-pull factors contributing to Israeli immigration was __________.
political unrest in the Middle East
In the 19th century, Chinese immigrants' "strange" clothes and hair worn in __________ (a braid of hair in the back of the head) seemed out of place in the crude pioneer surroundings.
queues
Native American silence is a precautionary device to preserve __________ and __________ on both sides of a negotiation.
respect, dignity
Devout Muslims eat their food only with the __________ hand.
right
Senator Dawes hoped the General Allotment Act would engender a spirit of __________ in Native Americans.
self-interest
The primary means of social control in Native American culture are __________ and __________.
shame, ridicule
Crime syndicates in China, known as __________, smuggle perhaps as many as 80,000 Chinese into the United States each year
triads
Population change for Native Americans show that they are far from being the "__________ American" some observers once claimed.
vanishing
