Chapter 7 Cardiovascular System
Which of the following statements is false? a. A heart will stop beating when the nerves to the heart are severed. b. Some cardiac muscle cells are self-excitatory. c. The pacemaker of the heart is the sinoatrial node. d. Cardiac muscles join end to end to allow rapid communication. e. Cardiac muscles contract essentially in unison.
a. A heart will stop beating when the nerves to the heart are severed.
Which of the following statements about erythropoietin is true? a. It facilitates the proliferation and differentiation of the erythrocyte lineage. b. It is a hormone produced by the thyroid gland. c. It is a hemopoietic growth factor that prompts lymphoid stem cells to leave the bone marrow. d. Both a and b are true.
a. It facilitates the proliferation and differentiation of the erythrocyte lineage. erythropoietin 赤血球の産生を促進する造血因子の一つ（ホルモンともサイトカインとも）
Which of the following statements about mature, circulating erythrocytes is true? a. They have no nucleus. b. They are packed with mitochondria. c. They survive for an average of 4 days. d. All of the above
a. They have no nucleus.
Slits between the cells of capillary walls serve to a. allow passage of substances that cannot diffuse through the lipid bilayer of capillary wall cells. b. allow expansion of the capillary diameter. c. allow contraction of the capillary diameter. d. allow lengthening of the capillary. e. allow shortening of the capillary.
a. allow passage of substances that cannot diffuse through the lipid bilayer of capillary wall cells.
Blood in arteries a. always travels away from the heart. b. travels away from the heart only if it is oxygen-rich. c. always travels toward the heart. d. travels from the lungs. e. is always oxygen-rich.
a. always travels away from the heart. arteries 動脈
Blood pressure is highest in the a. aorta. b. pulmonary artery. c. capillary bed. d. subclavian vein. e. lower vena cava.
a. aorta.
What are the upper chambers of the heart called? a. atria b. auricles c. AV valves d. ventricles e. septa
a. atria atria 心房 auricles外耳，耳殻 AV valves房室弁 ventricles心室 septa柔らかい毛である柔毛に対して、太くかたい毛の総称
In humans, which cell does NOT have a nucleus when mature? a. erythrocytes b. lymphocytes c. neutrophils d. eosinophils e. monocytes
a. erythrocytes
Extracellular fluid contains all but which of the following? a. erythrocytes b. ions c. white blood cells d. lymph e. water
a. erythrocytes Extracellular fluid細胞外液 erythrocytes赤血球
What are the two components of the cardiovascular system? a. heart and blood vessels b. arteries and heart c. veins and heart d. arteries and veins e. capillaries and veins
a. heart and blood vessels
If your skin and the whites of your eyes appear yellow, what is not being excreted? a. heme b. globin chains c. carbonic acid d. carbon dioxide e. biocarbonate ion
a. heme
Which body system will return excess tissue fluid to the cardiovascular system? a. lymphatic b. urinary c. neural d. digestive e. muscular
a. lymphatic
The cardiovascular centers are located in which area of the brain? a. medulla oblongata b. pons c. mesencephalon (midbrain) d. cerebrum
a. medulla oblongata cardiovascular centers心臓血管中枢 medulla oblongata延髄 mesencephalon中脳 cerebrum大脳
he part of the brain responsible for blood pressure is the a. medulla oblongata. b. cerebellum. c. cerebrum. d. corpus callosum. e. pons.
a. medulla oblongata. medulla oblongata延髄 cerebellum小脳 cerebrum大脳; 脳 corpus callosum脳りょう pons脳橋
Which blood vessel of the pulmonary circuit will carry deoxygenated blood? a. pulmonary artery b. pulmonary vein c. vena cava d. aorta e. all of these carry deoxygenated blood
a. pulmonary artery
A hospital laboratory technician injects a dye into a vein in your right arm. What is the first chamber of the heart that the dye will reach? a. right atrium b. left atrium c. right ventricle d. left ventricle e. aorta
a. right atrium
The thick wall that separates the heart into a left and right half is the a. septum. b. myocardium. c. pericardium. d. endocardium. e. chordae tendinae.
a. septum. septum隔膜 myocardium心筋 pericardium 心膜 endocardium心内膜 chordae tendinae腱索
Which lymphoid organ serves as a reservoir for lymphocytes? a. spleen b. thymus c. tonsils d. lymph nodes e. appendix
a. spleen
Normal blood pressure is 120/80. What is the top number called and what is happening in the heart? a. systolic pressure, ejection of blood from the heart b. diastolic pressure, ejection of blood from the heart c. systolic pressure, ventricles are relaxing d. diastolic pressure, ventricles are relaxing e. diastolic pressure, atria are contracting, ventricles are relaxing
a. systolic pressure, ejection of blood from the heart
Diastolic pressure is a. the lowest blood pressure in the aorta. b. the pressure measured when the left ventricle is contracted. c. the peak pressure in the aorta when the left ventricle contracts. d. the difference between the highest and lowest pressures. e. an average of high and low pressures.
a. the lowest blood pressure in the aorta. Diastolic pressure拡張期血圧
If you are blood type A, a. you carry antibodies for type B blood. b. you carry markers for type B blood. c. you can donate blood to a person with type O blood. d. you can receive blood from a person with type AB blood. e. none of these
a. you carry antibodies for type B blood.
The diastolic pressure for a normal young adult would be a. 60 mm Hg. b. 80 mm Hg. c. 100 mm Hg. d. 120 mm Hg. e. 140 mm Hg.
b. 80 mm Hg.
What occurs during systole? a. Oxygen-rich blood is pumped to the lungs. b. The heart muscle tissues contract. c. The atrioventricular valves suddenly open. d. Oxygen-poor blood from all body regions except the lungs flows into the right atrium. e. all of these
b. The heart muscle tissues contract. systole収縮期
Which of the following statements is true? a. Arteries carry only oxygenated blood. b. The systemic circuit leaves the heart from the left ventricle. c. Blood passes through only one capillary bed on its trip through the systemic circuit. d. Platelets survive a longer time than erythrocytes. e. The heart is able to pick up the oxygen it needs as the blood flows through it.
b. The systemic circuit leaves the heart from the left ventricle.
If a person is dehydrated, how will this affect nutrient exchange at the capillaries? a. It will have no effect. b. Water will not leave the arterial end of the capillary and enter the tissues. c. Oxygen will not leave the capillary and enter the tissues. d. Carbon dioxide will not leave the tissues and enter the capillary. e. Plasma proteins will be able to leave the capillary and enter the tissues.
b. Water will not leave the arterial end of the capillary and enter the tissues.
All of the following promote the unloading of oxygen to needy tissues EXCEPT a. high metabolism. b. abundant oxygen supply. c. higher temperatures. d. lower pH. e. small diameter blood vessels.
b. abundant oxygen supply.
Mature human red blood cells a. have a nucleus. b. are biconcave discs without a nucleus. c. are rare in the bloodstream. d. carry plasma. e. fight pathogens.
b. are biconcave discs without a nucleus.
A stroke is a rupture of a blood vessel in the a. leg. b. brain. c. heart. d. lung. e. internal organs.
b. brain. rupture 破裂
Which of the following blood vessels are small, thin, and porous enough to exchange substances at the tissue level of organization? a. arterioles b. capillaries c. venules d. small arteries e. veins
b. capillaries
Blood moves most slowly through a. arteries. b. capillaries. c. venules. d. veins. e. arterioles.
b. capillaries. capillaries毛細血管 venules細静脈 veins静脈 arterioles細動脈
At the arteriole end of the capillary, precapillary sphincters a. force blood back into arteries. b. control blood flow into capillaries. c. control blood flow into venules. d. connect arterioles to venules. e. none of these
b. control blood flow into
At the arteriole end of the capillary, precapillary sphincters a. force blood back into arteries. b. control blood flow into capillaries. c. control blood flow into venules. d. connect arterioles to venules. e. none of these
b. control blood flow into capillaries. arteriole細動脈 capillary毛管 precapillary前毛細血管括約筋
What makes the blood red? a. albumin b. hemoglobin c. fibrinogen d. globulins e. platelets
b. hemoglobin
Hemophilia is characterized by ________. a. inadequate production of heparin b. inadequate production of clotting factors c. excessive production of fibrinogen d. excessive production of platelets
b. inadequate production of clotting factors Hemophilia血液凝固因子のうちVIII因子、IX因子の欠損ないし活性低下による遺伝性血液凝固異常症である
The structures that connect neighboring cardiac muscle cells to ensure rapid electrical conduction are a. desmosomes. b. intercalated discs. c. synapses. d. endothelial cells. e. smooth muscle cells.
b. intercalated discs.
How does aspirin help to reduce clotting? a. it reduces the red blood count b. it reduces platelet aggregation c. it reduces the platelet count d. it binds to fibrin e. it inhibits thrombin
b. it reduces platelet aggregation platelet aggregation血小板凝集
People with ABO blood type O ________. a. have both antigens A and B on their erythrocytes b. lack both antigens A and B on their erythrocytes c. have neither anti-A nor anti-B antibodies circulating in their blood plasma d. are considered universal recipients
b. lack both antigens A and B on their erythrocytes
The myocardium would be the thickest in the ________. a. left atrium b. left ventricle c. right atrium d. right ventricle
b. left ventricle myocardium心筋 thickest厚い
What is the function of valves in the veins? a. increase the rate of blood flow b. prevent the backward flow of blood c. regulation of blood pressure d. oxygenate the blood e. remove debris from the blood
b. prevent the backward flow of blood valves弁 veins静脈
The lymphoid organs include all of the following but the a. spleen. b. stomach. c. thymus. d. tonsils e. appendix.
b. stomach.
Which of the following is NOT a function of the lymph system? a. fighting infection b. transporting dissolved gases c. reclaiming fluids d. harboring white blood cells e. All of these are functions of the lymph system.
b. transporting dissolved gases
Ventricular relaxation immediately follows ________. a. atrial depolarization b. ventricular repolarization c. ventricular depolarization d. atrial repolarization
b. ventricular repolarization Ventricular relaxation心室拡張期 atrial depolarization心房性脱分極 ventricular repolarization心室再分極 atrial repolarization再分極
In its travel through the human body, blood usually continues on from capillaries to enter a. arterioles. b. venules. c. arteries. d. veins. e. other capillaries.
b. venules.
About how long does the average red blood cell live? a. 4 days b. 4 weeks c. 4 months d. 1 year e. 4 years
c. 4 months
About how many liters of blood does a normal, 150-pound human adult have? a. 1 to 2 b. 3 to 4 c. 4 to 5 d. 5 to 6 e. 6 to 7
c. 4 to 5
What percent of the total blood volume is plasma? a. 15 to 25 b. 33 to 40 c. 50 to 60 d. 66 to 75 e. about 80
c. 50 to 60
If your pulse is 70 beats per minute, how fast is your heart beating? a. 140 beats per minute b. 35 beats per minute c. 70 beats per minute d. 120 beats per minute e. 80 beats per minute
c. 70 beats per minute
Which technique has replaced simple blood typing for identifying criminals and determining parentage? a. chemical analysis b. red blood cell counts c. DNA testing d. hair analysis e. skin sample analysis
c. DNA testing
Which statement is NOT true of the lymph vascular system? The lymph vascular system a. transports lipids absorbed from the small intestine to the bloodstream. b. recovers and transports interstitial fluid back to the bloodstream. c. absorbs glucose from the small intestine and transports it to the brain. d. serves the body's system of defenses against bacteria and other infectious agents. e. performs all of these functions.
c. absorbs glucose from the small intestine and transports it to the brain.
The process in which antibodies attach to antigens, causing the formation of masses of linked cells, is called ________. a. sensitization b. coagulation c. agglutination d. hemolysis
c. agglutination antibodies抗体 antigens抗原 sensitization〈...を〉敏感[鋭敏]にする coagulation凝固 agglutination膠着(こうちやく) hemolysis溶血
Blood rich in oxygen is what color? a. yellow b. pink c. bright red d. blue e. purple
c. bright red
The blood works with the muscular system by a. destroying toxins. b. sensing movement. c. carrying heat produced by muscles. d. controlling blood pressure. e. carrying nutrients.
c. carrying heat produced by muscles.
Which of the following systems is the only one to have direct interactions with the other three? a. digestive b. urinary c. circulatory d. respiratory
c. circulatory
The machine used to "shock" a heart that has stopped beating back to life is called a(n) a. pacemaker. b. antiarrhythmia generator. c. defibrillator. d. electrocardiogram. e. electrocardiograph.
c. defibrillator.
What hormone produced in the kidneys stimulates production of red blood cells? a. carbonic anhydrase b. prolactin c. erythropoietin d. adrenalin e. lipase
c. erythropoietin
Which of the following is transported in greater quantities in the lymphatic system than in the blood? a. red blood cells b. wastes c. fats d. amino acids e. white blood cells
c. fats
Blood passing through the capillary beds of the digestive tract pass through which vessel that takes blood to the liver? a. inferior vena cava b. abdominal aorta c. hepatic portal vein d. hepatic artery e. hepatic vein
c. hepatic portal vein
Hemoglobin contains which element? a. chlorine b. sodium c. iron d. copper e. magnesium
c. iron
Which of the following has the highest blood pressure? a. right ventricle b. right atrium c. left ventricle d. left atrium e. pulmonary circulation
c. left ventricle
The aorta leaves the a. left atrium. b. right atrium. c. left ventricle. d. right ventricle. e. none of these
c. left ventricle. aorta大動脈
In the human systemic circuit, blood will pass through all but which of the following? a. liver b. limbs c. lungs d. digestive organs e. brain
c. lungs
The system which reclaims fluids and proteins that have escaped from blood capillaries is the ________ system. a. cardiovascular b. pulmonary c. lymphatic d. sinoatrial e. venous
c. lymphatic
Ions in plasma help to a. control blood pressure. b. fight infections. c. maintain volume and pH of extracellular fluid. d. clot blood. e. digest nutrients.
c. maintain volume and pH of extracellular fluid.
Which of the following are actually cell fragments and not whole cells? a. RBCs b. WBCs c. platelets d. albumins e. globulins
c. platelets fragments断片
Atria differ from ventricles in that they a. are larger. b. have thicker walls with more muscles. c. receive blood from veins. d. have a higher blood pressure. e. empty through the semilunar valves.
c. receive blood from veins. Atria アトリア ventricles(心臓の)心室
In the pulmonary circuit, veins carry oxygen-____ blood, and in the systemic circuit, veins carry oxygen-_____ blood. a. rich, rich b. poor, poor c. rich, poor d. poor, rich
c. rich, poor
Which chamber initially receives blood from the systemic circuit? a. left atrium b. left ventricle c. right atrium d. right ventricle
c. right atrium systemic circuit体循環 atrium心房 ventricle心室
The pulmonary artery carries blood away from the a. aorta. b. right atrium. c. right ventricle. d. left atrium. e. left ventricle.
c. right ventricle.
What is the instrument called that is used to measure blood pressure? a. stethoscope b. CPR c. sphygmomanometer d. ECG e. AED
c. sphygmomanometer
Erythropoietin a. is the most common blood protein. b. is secreted by the kidney. c. stimulates the red bone marrow to generate red blood cells. d. is an enzyme that functions in blood clotting. e. increases the ability of plasma to transport carbon dioxide.
c. stimulates the red bone marrow to generate red blood cells.
Systolic pressure is a. the lowest blood pressure in the aorta. b. the pressure measured when the left ventricle is relaxed. c. the peak pressure in the aorta when the left ventricle contracts. d. the difference between the highest and lowest pressures. e. an average of high and low pressures.
c. the peak pressure in the aorta when the left ventricle contracts. Systolic pressure収縮期圧
The greatest volume of blood is found in the a. aorta and arteries. b. capillaries. c. veins. d. lungs. e. heart.
c. veins.
The systolic pressure for a normal young adult would be under a. 60 mm Hg. b. 80 mm Hg. c. 100 mm Hg. d. 120 mm Hg. e. 140 mm Hg.
d. 120 mm Hg.
Which blood type is the universal recipient? a. A b. B+ c. AB+ d. AB e. O+
d. AB
Red blood cells do not contain a. a cell membrane. b. cytoplasm. c. hemoglobin. d. a nucleus. e. a nucleus and other organelles.
d. a nucleus.
If a person does not have enough iron in their diet, they may suffer from a. acidosis. b. blood doping. c. hemolysis. d. anemia. e. jaundice.
d. anemia.
In adult humans, red blood cells originate in the a. liver. b. spleen. c. kidneys. d. bone marrow. e. thymus gland.
d. bone marrow.
The mineral associated with atherosclerosis is a. iron. b. magnesium. c. cobalt. d. calcium. e. iodine.
d. calcium. atherosclerosis アテローム性動脈硬化
The two major components of blood are a. red blood cells and white blood cells. b. plasma and serum. c. plasma and red blood cells. d. formed elements and plasma. e. platelets and plasma.
d. formed elements and plasma.
The earliest organ to form and begin function within the developing human is the ________. a. brain b. stomach c. lungs d. heart
d. heart
Most of the oxygen in the blood is transported by a. plasma. b. serum. c. platelets. d. hemoglobin. e. leukocytes.
d. hemoglobin.
The pulmonary circulation a. involves the hepatic portal vein. b. moves oxygen-rich blood to the kidneys. c. includes the coronary arteries. d. leads to, through, and from the lungs. e. all of these
d. leads to, through, and from the lungs. pulmonary circulation 肺循環
Areas where lymphocytes congregate as they cleanse the blood of foreign materials are called a. stem cells. b. SA nodes. c. capillary beds. d. lymph nodes. e. antibodies.
d. lymph nodes.
The fragmentation of very large megakaryocytes results in the production of a. leukocytes. b. erythrocytes. c. albumins. d. platelets. e. globulins.
d. platelets.
Which of the following is not a function of blood? a. transport b. defense c. regulation d. pumping e. carry oxygen
d. pumping
Blood from the systemic circuit is first received by the heart in the a. coronary vein. b. left atrium. c. right ventricle. d. right atrium. e. left ventricle.
d. right atrium.
What gives rise to all the formed elements of the blood? a. megakaryocytes b. macrophages c. reticulocytes d. stem cells e. erythroblasts
d. stem cells megakaryocytes巨核球 macrophagesマクロファジ（貪食細胞） reticulocytes網状赤血球 stem cells幹細胞 erythroblasts赤芽球
What is the function of hemoglobin? a. to transport nutrients b. to transport oxygen c. to transport carbon dioxide d. to transport oxygen and carbon dioxide e. to transport wastes
d. to transport oxygen and carbon dioxide
A person with type O blood may receive a transfusion from a person with a. type A blood. b. type B blood. c. type AB blood. d. type O blood. e. all types of blood.
d. type O blood.
Which blood type is the universal donor? a. A+ b. B c. AB+ d. AB e. O
e. O
A major risk factor in developing cardiovascular disease is a. obesity. b. smoking. c. hypertension. d. lack of exercise. e. all of these
e. all of these
The interstitial fluid is a. a reservoir. b. the extracellular fluid. c. supplied by the blood. d. similar to sea water. e. all of these
e. all of these interstitial fluid間質液
Type A blood will NOT agglutinate when mixed with a. type B blood. b. type A blood. c. type AB blood. d. type O blood. e. both types A and AB blood, but will clump with types B and O blood.
e. both types A and AB blood, but will clump with types B and O blood.
Which substance binds more tightly than oxygen to hemoglobin? a. nitrogen b. carbon dioxide c. hydrogen d. helium e. carbon monoxide
e. carbon monoxide
What does an ECG record? a. brain activity b. blood volume c. heart sounds d. hormonal changes e. electrical changes
e. electrical changes
What type of cell junctions are found in cardiac muscle tissue? a. atria and auricles b. septae and chordae c. intercalated disks d. myocardium and pericardium e. gap junctions and desmosomes
e. gap junctions and desmosomes
If a test tube of whole blood is subjected to centrifugation, the cells will be packed in the bottom of the tube and the fluid above it will be designated a. water. b. serum. c. lymph. d. interstitial fluid. e. plasma.
e. plasma. centrifugation 遠心分離
Fibrin, used in blood clots, is produced by a. lymphocytes. b. basophils. c. erythrocytes. d. neutrophils. e. platelets.
e. platelets. Fibrin線維素，フィブリン 《血液凝固の際に形成される線維状たんぱく質》 lymphocytesリンパ球 basophils好塩基球 erythrocytes赤血球 neutrophils好中球 platelets血小板
Which of the following are highly distensible reservoirs for blood volume? a. arteries b. arterioles c. capillaries d. venules e. veins
e. veins
The vitamin necessary for fibrinogen and prothrombin formation (found in green vegetables and released by intestinal bacteria) is a. vitamin B. b. vitamin D. . c. vitamin A. d. vitamin E. e. vitamin K
e. vitamin K
