Chapter 7 EMT

The human body should be functioning at its optimal level between the ages of: A. 19 and 25 years. B. 25 and 35 years. C. 18 and 22 years. D. 21 and 30 years.

A. 19 and 25 years.

Which of the following is a physical change that typically occurs in the adolescent age group? A. Secondary sexual development begins. B. The systolic blood pressure decreases. C. The normal pulse rate steadily increases. D. Muscle and bone growth both decrease.

A. Secondary sexual development begins.

In preconventional reasoning, children: A. act almost purely to avoid punishment and to get what they want. B. blame their actions on what they have observed in older children. C. look for approval from their peers and society. D. make decisions based on their conscience.

A. act almost purely to avoid punishment and to get what they want.

You suspect that a 75-year-old man has internal injuries after he fell and struck his ribs and abdomen on the corner of a table. When assessing and treating an injured patient of this age, you must recall that: A. his ability to physiologically compensate for his injury may be impaired due to an inability to increase cardiac output. B. blood pressure is usually adequately maintained because the blood vessels of older people can contract easily. C. it is not uncommon to observe heart rates in excess of 150 beats/min in elderly patients with internal injuries. D. functional blood volume in patients of this age steadily increases due to increased production of red blood cells.

A. his ability to physiologically compensate for his injury may be impaired due to an inability to increase cardiac output.

With increasing age, the heart must work harder to move the blood effectively because: A. the blood vessels become stiff. B. diastolic blood pressure decreases. C. the arteries dilate significantly. D. the blood thickens as a person ages.

A. the blood vessels become stiff.

Infants are often referred to as "belly breathers" because: A. their rib cage is less rigid and the ribs sit horizontally. B. their diaphragm does not receive impulses from the brain. C. their intercostal muscles are not functional. D. an infant's ribs are brittle and are less able to expand.

A. their rib cage is less rigid and the ribs sit horizontally.

Which of the following describes the Moro reflex? A. An infant's heart rate decreases secondary to hypoxia because he or she depends heavily on the heart rate to perfuse the body. B. The neonate opens his or her arms wide, spreads his or her fingers, and seems to grasp at something after being startled. C. When the sole of the foot is stroked with a blunt object, the big toe lifts upward and the other toes fan outward. D. When something touches a neonate's cheek, he or she instinctively turns his or her head toward the touch.

B. The neonate opens his or her arms wide, spreads his or her fingers, and seems to grasp at something after being startled.

Which of the following statements regarding toddlers and preschoolers is correct? A. Muscle mass and bone density decrease in toddlers and preschoolers because of increased physical activity. B. Toddlers and preschoolers commonly experience upper respiratory infections because of a loss of passive immunity. C. Toddlers and preschoolers have well-developed lung musculature, even though they have less lung tissue. D. The normal respiratory rate in toddlers and preschoolers is between 12 and 20 breaths/min.

B. Toddlers and preschoolers commonly experience upper respiratory infections because of a loss of passive immunity.

Age-related changes in the renal system result in: A. the formation of large amounts of urine secondary to an increase in kidney mass of up to 20%. B. a decreased ability to clear wastes from the body and a decreased ability to conserve fluids when needed. C. dilation of the blood vessels that supply the nephrons, which allows the kidneys to maintain their function. D. a significant increase in filtration, which causes the excretion of large amounts of water from the body.

B. a decreased ability to clear wastes from the body and a decreased ability to conserve fluids when needed.

Why does the incidence of diabetes mellitus increase with age? A. decreased physical activity, increased weight gain, and decreased blood sugar levels B. decreased physical activity, increased weight gain, and decreased insulin production C. decreased food intake, decreased weight gain, and decreased blood sugar levels D. increased physical activity, increased food intake, and increased insulin production

B. decreased physical activity, increased weight gain, and decreased insulin production

Which of the following are noticeable characteristics of a 9-month-old infant? A. knows his or her name, can walk without any assistance B. walks without help, becomes frustrated with restrictions C. places objects in the mouth, pulls himself or herself up D. responds to his or her name, crawls around efficiently

C. places objects in the mouth, pulls himself or herself up

Which of the following are noticeable characteristics of a 9-month-old infant? A. walks without help, becomes frustrated with restrictions B. responds to his or her name, crawls around efficiently C. places objects in the mouth, pulls himself or herself up D. knows his or her name, can walk without any assistance

C. places objects in the mouth, pulls himself or herself up

An infant or small toddler would MOST likely gain trust in an individual who: A. maintains eye contact, even if the person is a stranger. B. does not tower over him or her and avoids painful procedures. C. provides an organized, routine environment. D. frequently changes the infant or toddler's regular routine.

C. provides an organized, routine environment.

You are assessing a 13-month-old female who is running a fever and has been vomiting. While you are performing your physical examination on this child, you will MOST likely find that she: A. has bulging fontanelles secondary to severe dehydration. B. is unable to track your movements with her eyes. C. responds to her name but is fearful of your presence. D. will readily allow you to separate her from her mother.

C. responds to her name but is fearful of your presence.

You are dispatched to a call for a 4-month-old infant with respiratory distress. While you prepare to take care of this child, you must remember that: A. an infant's head should be placed in a flexed position to prevent obstruction. B. the infant's proportionately small tongue often causes an airway obstruction. C. small infants are nose breathers and require clear nasal passages at all times. D. assisted ventilations in infants often need to be forceful to inflate their lungs.

C. small infants are nose breathers and require clear nasal passages at all times.

Which of the following statements regarding psychosocial development in the adolescent age group is correct? A. Because they think rationally, adolescents are at the lowest risk for suicide. B. Family conflict decreases as the adolescent gains control of his or her life. C. Adolescents are less fixated on their public image than younger children. D. Antisocial behavior and peer pressure peak around 14 to 16 years of age.

D. Antisocial behavior and peer pressure peak around 14 to 16 years of age.

When assessing an 80-year-old patient in shock, it is important to remember that: A. in older adults, it is especially common to observe a significant decrease in heart rate in response to shock. B. it is common to see a more significant increase in heart rate than what would be expected in younger adults. C. the patient's cardiac output is able to increase by nearly 200% in response to the decrease in perfusion. D. age-related changes in the cardiovascular system may make the patient less able to compensate for decreased perfusion.

D. age-related changes in the cardiovascular system may make the patient less able to compensate for decreased perfusion.

Breathing is often more labor intensive in older adults because the: A. diaphragm and intercostal muscles enlarge. B. surface area of the alveoli increases. C. overall size of the airway decreases. D. elasticity of the lungs decreases.

D. elasticity of the lungs decreases.

A 16-year-old female complains of vaginal bleeding and abdominal cramping that began several hours ago. During your assessment interview, you should: A. avoid asking questions that she will feel uncomfortable answering. B. obtain the majority of your information from one of her parents. C. recall that patients in this age group prefer not to be treated as adults. D. inquire about the possibility of pregnancy in private, if possible.

D. inquire about the possibility of pregnancy in private, if possible.

An infant or small child's airway can be occluded if it is overextended or overflexed because: A. the back of the head is flat, which prevents a neutral position. B. he or she has a long neck, which makes the trachea prone to collapse. C. the tongue is proportionately small and can fall back into the throat. D. the occiput is proportionately large and the trachea is flexible.

D. the occiput is proportionately large and the trachea is flexible.