Chapter 7 Exam

In what year were Alfred Binet and Theodore Simon appointed by the French government to develop a reliable and valid intelligence measure?

1904

Of those listed below, the highest positive correlation between the IQ scores of relatives would occur between

identical twins reared apart.

Using IQ scores as the sole measure of giftedness

ignores special talents.

Regarding how to live creatively, which of the following statements is FALSE?

People who think in conventional ways cannot live intelligent, successful, or fulfilling lives.

Regarding the Wechsler scales, which of the following statements is FALSE?

The Wechsler scales have no version designed to test the intelligence of adults.

In order to be creative, one needs time to revise or embellish initial solutions, which allows time

for incubation.

The stage of creative thought during which problem-solving proceeds at a subconscious level is the __________ stage.

incubation

Shaggy and Scooby could not figure out who the masked intruder was from the clues that they found, so they decided to put the clues down and go to the kitchen for a snack. After a couple of hours, Shaggy saw the clues again and realized who the masked intruder was. Shaggy solved this problem through

incubation.

A valid intelligence test is one that ____.

measures what it is designed to measure

John is taking an intelligence test. His performance on this set of age-graded test items would be used to estimate his __________ age.

mental

Which of the following is a good measure of a person's average intellectual performance and is based on the level of age-ranked questions that he or she can answer?

mental age

Fixations and functional fixedness are specific types of

mental sets.

On a creativity test, you are asked to list all the uses of a paper clip. The more unusual or novel your answers the higher will be your __________ score.

originality

Carol is given a beautiful, but unique glass container with a curved handle. Whether she decides that this container is a decorative vase, bowl, or cup will be determined by her comparison of this container to

prototypes.

In contrast to prototypes, exemplars are ____.

real

Heuristics are problem-solving strategies which

reduce the number of alternatives.

A medical test for pregnancy, which gives positive and negative responses for the same woman on the same day, is lacking

reliability.

When a test yields consistent results over time, it is said to be ____.

reliable

The tendency to select wrong answers because they seem to match preexisting mental categories is referred to as the

representativeness heuristic.

Concept formation is ____.

seen in human beings, as well as in diverse categories of animals

In inductive reasoning, ____.

specific instances are used to discover a general rule

Divergent thinking most specifically involves ____.

thinking of many different ideas quickly

Many "free" tests you encounter, such as those found in magazines and on the Internet, have little or no

validity.

Scores on a test of legal aptitude are compared to grades in law school in order to establish the test's

validity.

Concepts are stored in memory in a ____.

verbal, semantic, or emotional form

David Wechsler's intelligence tests ____.

yield four separate index scores

The distribution of IQ scores within the population tends to show

a bell-shaped curve with most scores in the middle.

To Alfred Binet, mental age refers to ____.

a child's mental abilities in comparison to the "average" child

A student who takes a multiple-choice test by reading the stem of each item, looking for key words, and generating a tentative response before looking at the responses. This helps the student narrow down the possible answers. This student is using

a heuristic.

An algorithmic solution to a problem is one in which

a learned set of rules is used in solving the problem.

According to the view of Chomksy, humans are born with a biological makeup that gives them an innate knowledge of the syntax of language. This is called the language ________ device.

acquisition

Exemplars are to ____ as prototypes are to ____.

actual examples; typical members

Grades and school success tend to be influenced by

all of these.

Algorithms can thought of as "____" as heuristics can be thought of as "____".

always correct; may not be correct

What is the best example of a well-structured problem?

balancing your checkbook

Studies have found that students who learn to speak two languages will have

better control of their attention.

To estimate a child's intelligence, we would need to compare the child's mental age to his or her

chronological age.

Dr. Tokar is proposing ideas beyond genetic theories to explain the IQ gap that appears to exist between African Americans and European Americans. Which argument might he make based on the information in the textbook?

African Americans are over-represented in impoverished communities.

Which of the following persons is responsible for the development and design of the first useful individual test of intelligence in 1904?

Alfred Binet

The idea of generalized intelligence was advocated most strongly by ____.

Charles Spearman

Regarding IQ, grades and success, which of the following statements is FALSE?

IQ is a strong predictor of success in art, music, writing, dramatics, science, and leadership.

Regarding mental age, which of the following statements is TRUE?

Mental age tells nothing about whether overall intelligence is high or low.

Regarding language, which of the following statements is FALSE?

The context of the word within a sentence rarely affects the word's actual meaning.

The version of the Wechsler intelligence test that is administered to the youngest children is the ________.

WPPSI

A widely used alternative intelligence test to the Stanford-Binet that yields a single overall intelligence score as well as separate scores for performance and verbal intelligence is the

Wechsler Adult Intelligence Test.

Reliability is to____ as validity is to____.

consistency; accuracy

One way to determine the validity of a test is to compare test scores to some measure of actual performance or standard of success. This is referred to as __________ validity.

criterion

Children who grow up in a home that is bilingual will ____.

develop a high level of proficiency with both languages

Which example best illustrates creativity?

devising a new use for a paper clip

At middle age, one can expect

fluid intelligence to slowly decline and crystallized intelligence to increase or decline very little.