Chapter 7 HW (Exam 2)

Which statements characterize the microscopic arrangement of spongy bone?

-it contains no osteons -it contains parallel lamellae

Select all that apply Which statements characterize the innervation of bone? Multiple select question. Nerves innervate bone as well as the periosteum, endosteum, and marrow cavity. Bone contains no nerves. Only the marrow cavity of bone is innervated. Nerves of bone accompany the blood vessels of bone. Only the periosteum of bone is innervated.

-nerves innervate bone as well as the periosteum, endosteum, and marrow cavity -nerves of bone accompany the blood vessels of bone

Long bones include ______. Multiple select question. the bones of the palm the bones of the fingers most cranial bones the thigh bone the bones of the toes

-the bones of the palm -the bones of the fingers -the thigh bone -the bones of the toes

Compact bone makes up ______ of bone mass.

80%

Severe anemia can trigger the conversion of ____________ bone marrow into _____________ bone marrow.

Blank 1: yellow Blank 2: red

True or False: Bone has a poor supply of blood vessels.

False

A bone's growth in diameter is called _____________ growth.

appositional

A thin layer of hyaline cartilage covering an epiphysis of a long bone is called ______.

articular cartilage

The primary ossification center is located in the ______ of a long bone.

diaphysis

The type of cartilage that forms intervertebral discs is ______.

fibrocartilage

The rib cage protects ______.

heart and lungs

Osteocytes are ______.

mature bone cells

Another name for the calcification of bone is .

mineralization

Which is a function of bone?

protection of organs

Hematopoiesis occurs in ______.

red bone marrow

Select all that apply Bone formation requires ______. Multiple select question. vitamin B1 vitamin D phosphate calcium

vitamin D phosphate calcium

Select all that apply Which statements characterize bone remodeling? Multiple select question. It occurs at the periosteal and endosteal surfaces of a bone. It occurs at the same rate everywhere in the skeleton. It helps maintain calcium and phosphate levels in body fluids. It stops between the ages of 25 and 35. It can be stimulated by stress on a bone.

-It can be stimulated by stress on a bone. -It helps maintain calcium and phosphate levels in body fluids. -It occurs at the periosteal and endosteal surfaces of a bone.

Select all that apply Which statements characterize periosteum? Multiple select question. It functions to anchor blood vessels to the surface of bones. It is directly beneath articular cartilage. It covers the outer surface of the diaphysis of a long bone. It is composed of dense irregular connective tissue.

-It functions to anchor blood vessels to the surface of bones. -It covers the outer surface of the diaphysis of a long bone. -It is composed of dense irregular connective tissue.

Select all that apply Which statements describe the matrix of bone? Multiple select question. It is composed of organic substances only. It is composed of inorganic substances only. It is harder than the matrix of cartilage. It is composed of organic and inorganic substances.

-It is harder than the matrix of cartilage. -It is composed of organic and inorganic substances.

Which statements characterize the functions of cartilage?

-it covers the ends of long bones -it provides a model for the formation of bones

Which statements characterize articular cartilage?

-it functions to reduce friction in joints -it covers an epiphysis -it is composed of hyaline cartilage

Select all that apply Which statements characterize osteocytes? Multiple select question. they maintain bone matrix they secrete osteoid they reside in lacunae they break down bone matrix

-they maintain bone matrix -they reside in lacunae

Which statements correctly describe compact bone?

It forms the external walls of a long bone. It is solid and relatively dense.

Connective tissue that contains osteoblasts and osteocytes is

bone

The continual deposition of new bone tissue and the removal of old bone tissue is called ______.

bone remodeling

Which hormone promotes calcium deposition in bone and inhibits osteoclast activity?

calcitonin

The two primary hormones that regulate blood calcium are ______.

calcitriol and parathyroid hormone

Most of the body's reserves of ______ and phosphate are stored and released by bone.

calcium

Osteoclasts are ______.

cells that break down bone

Bone is a type of ______ tissue.

connective

Ligaments and tendons are made of ______ connective tissue.

dense regular

What is the elongated cylindrical shaft of a long bone called?

diaphysis

The ______ epiphysis is the end of a long bone that is farthest from the trunk of the body.

distal

An incomplete layer of cells that lines the medullary cavity of a bone is called ______.

endosteum

A thin line of compact bone in the epiphysis of a mature bone is called the ______.

epiphyseal line

What is the process of blood cell production called?

hemopoiesis

The epiphyseal plate is a thin layer of ______.

hyaline cartilage

The function of parathyroid hormone is to _________.

increase blood calcium levels

When osteoblast activity exceeds osteoclast activity, bone mass ______.

increases

Calcium is required for ______. Multiple select question. stimulation of digestion initiation of muscle contraction stimulation of the heart blood clotting

initiation of muscle contraction stimulation of the heart blood clotting

Spongy bone is located ______ to compact bone.

internal

A long bone's growth in length is called ______.

interstitial growth

Which is a function of cartilage?

it attaches the ribs to the sternum

Select all that apply Which statements are true of hyaline cartilage? Multiple select question. it contains chondroblasts it contains calcium it is avascular it contains osteocytes

it contains chondroblasts it is avascular

Select all that apply Which statements characterize endosteum? Multiple select question. it lines medullary cavities it is active during bone repair it contains osteoblasts it covers the diaphysis of a bone

it lines medullary cavities it is active during bone repair it contains osteoblasts

Mature cartilage ______ blood supply.

lacks for

Bones of the skeleton function as a system of ____________ that are pulled when skeletal muscles contract.

levers

The femur is an example of a ______ bone.

long

Which organs are protected by bones?

lungs heart reproductive organs brain

What is the cylindrical space within the diaphysis of a long bone called?

medullary cavity

The region of a mature bone between the diaphysis and epiphysis is the

metaphysis

Tendons connect ______ to bone.

muscle

Which blood vessel supplies the diaphysis of a long bone?

nutrient artery

An osteoblast is an example of which type of component of bone?

organic component

Another term for bone tissue is ______ connective tissue.

osseous

______ are large phagocytic cells found in bone.

osteoclasts

A tough fibrous layer covering the outer surface of a long bone is called ______.

periosteum

The mineral called _____________, stored within bone, is a component of ATP and phospholipids.

phosphate

The region in the diaphysis of a long bone where bone replaces cartilage through endochondral ossification is called the ____________ ossification center; it is the first major center of bone formation.

primary

Osteoblasts function to ______. Multiple choice question. destroy blood cells synthesize new blood cells break down bone matrix produce osteoid

produce osteoid

The epiphysis of a long bone closest to the body trunk is the _____________ epiphysis.

proximal

Anemia is a disease of low oxygen delivery to tissues. This is sometimes the result of a low number of ______.

red blood cells

The diaphysis of a bone is the ______ of a bone.

shaft

Cancellous or trabecular bone is also called __________ bone.

spongy

Select all that apply Long bones include ______. Multiple select question. most cranial bones the bones of the toes the thigh bone the bones of the palm the bones of the fingers

the bones of the toes the thigh bone the bones of the palm the bones of the fingers

In adults, the medullary cavity contains ______ bone marrow.

yellow

Select all that apply Which statements describe an osteon? Multiple select question. it contains a central canal it runs perpendicular to the diaphysis of a long bone it is also called a Haversian system it runs parallel to the diaphysis of a long bone it is microscopic

- it contains a central canal - it is microscopic - it runs parallel to the diaphysis of a long bone - it is also called a Haversian system

______ remove bone matrix and ______ add to it. Multiple choice question. Osteoblasts; osteoclasts Osteocytes; osteoblasts Osteocytes; osteoclasts Osteoclasts; osteoblasts

Osteoclasts; osteoblasts

True or false: The innervation of bone is mainly composed of sensory nerves that signal injuries to the skeleton.

True

During bone development, the liver releases somatomedin in response to ________________ hormone.

growth

The process of bone formation is called .

ossification

When osteoblasts become entrapped in the matrix they produce, they become cells called ______.

osteocytes

The release of ___________ hormone increases blood calcium levels.

parathyroid or PTH