Chapter 7 Input and Output: Extending Capabilities of Computers and Mobile Devices

2 Types of Optical Readers

OCR devices: include a small optical scanner for reading characters and sophisticated software to analyze what is read; OMR devices: read hand drawn marks, such as small circles; a person places these marks on a form such as a test

Data

a collection of unprocessed items, including text, numbers, images, audio, and video

Photo Printer

a color printer that produces lab-quality photos; many use ink jet technology

Optical Readers

a device that uses a light source to read characters, marks, and codes and then converts them into digital data that a computer can process

LED Display

a display that uses LED light; consumes less power, lasts longer, and are thinner and brighter than a display with CCFL technology. may be more expensive; laptops and mobile devices often use this backlight technology

Toggle Key

a key that switches between two states each time a user presses the key; CAPS LOCK and NUM LOCK are examples

Mouse

a pointing device that fits under your hand; desktop users either have a optical mouse or touch mouse

Software

a series of related instructions, organized for a common purpose; developers use input methods to write programs

Stylus

a small metal or plastic device that looks like a tiny ink pen but uses pressure instead of ink

Pointer

a small symbol on screen whose location and shape change as a user moves a pointing device; enables you to select text, graphics, and other objects

RFID (radio frequency identification)

a technology that uses radio signals to communicate with a tag placed in or attached to an object, animal, or person; uses include updating inventory, tracking locations of people, stolen items, checking out library books

Webcam

a type of DV camera that enables you to capture video and still images, and usually audio input, for viewing or manipulation on a computer or device

Video call

all parties see another as they talk over the Internet

Media Control Button

allow you to control a media player program, access the computer's optical disc drive, and adjust speaker volume on a keyboard

Internet Control Button

allow you to run an email application, run a browser, and search the web

Bar Code Reader

also called a bar code scanner; an optical reader that uses laser beams to read bar codes

Graphics Tablet

also called a digitizer; is an electronic plastic board that detects and converts movements of a stylus or digital pen into digital signals that are sent to the computer

Voice Recognition

also called speech recognition; is the computers or device's ability of distinguishing spoken works

DisplayPort

an alternative to DVI that also supports high definition audio and video

Bar Code

an identification code that often consists of either a set of vertical lines and spaces of different widths or two dimensional pattern of dots, squares, and other images

Keyboard

an input device that contains keys you press to enter data and instructions into a computer or mobile device

User Response

an instruction a user issues by responding to a message displayed by a program or app; such as clicking yes or no if the program asks if you want to save

Command

an instruction that causes a program or app to perform a specific action; users can issue commands by touching the screen, pressing keys, speaking in the microphone, or clicking the mouse

Speakers

an output device that many computers or devices have; many users attach surround sound speakers to their devices; satellite speakers on the side and subwoofers for more bass

Printer

an output device that produces text and graphics on a physical medium

Input

any data and instructions entered into the memory of a computer

HDMI port (high definition media interface)

combines DVI with high definition (HD) television, audio, and video; some laptops have mini HDMI ports that require a dongle/adapter

Large Format Printer

creates photo realistic quality color prints; high cost for high performance

Output

data that has been processed into a useful form

Gaming Keyboard

designed specifically for users who enjoy playing games on the computer; typically include programmable keys; keys light up

Ergonomic Keyboard

designed to reduce pain or strain injuries; incorporates comfort, efficiency, and safety

DVI Port (digital video interface)

enables digital signals to transmit directly to a monitor

Impact Printer

form characters and graphics on a piece of paper by striking a mechanism against an inked ribbon that physically contacts the paper; noisy; used in factories, warehouses, retail counters

Non Impact Printer

forms characters and graphics on a piece of paper without actually contacting the paper; some spray ink, some use heat pressure

Force Feedback

game controllers and such are considered output devices if they have this function; sends resistance to the device in response to actions of the user

Thermal Printer

generates images by pushing electrically heated pins against heat-sensitive paper; most print is low quality and doesn't last long; some like a dye-sublimation printer have high print quality

Laser Printer

high speed and high quality non-impact printer; print text and graphics; operates similar to a copy machine

Types of Non Impact Printers

in-one printers, 3-D printers, thermal printers, mobile printers, label printers, plotters, and large-format printers

Soft Copy

information on a display exists electronically and appears for a temporary period

QR Code

is known as a 2-D bar code because it stores information in both a vertical and horizontal direction in a square shape graphic

Function Keys

labeled F followed by a number; special keys programmed to issue commands to a computer; may vary depending on program/app

Retina Display

made by Apple; produces vibrant colors and supports viewing from all angles because of LCD technologies built into the screen

HDTV (high definition television)

most advanced form of digital television; works with digital broadcasting signals

Flat Panel Display

most current displays are this; they have a shallow depth and a flat screen

Resolution

number of horizontal and vertical pixels in a display; higher resolution uses more pixels and gives a better image; as resolution increases images might appear smaller

Monitor

often used by desktops as their display; a display that is packaged as a separate peripheral device

Keyboard Shortcut

one or more keyboard key that you press to perform an operating system or application related task

Display

or display device is an output device that visually conveys text, graphics, and video information

Types of Portrait Orientation

prints that are letters, reports, or books

RFID Reader

reads information on the tag via radio waves; can be handheld devices or mounted in a stationary objects;

MICR Device (magnetic ink character recognition)

reads text printed with a magnetized ink; banking industry uses it for check processing

Digital Video (DV) Camera

records video as digital signals, which you can transfer directly to a computer or device

Response Time

refers to the time in milliseconds that it takes to turn a pixel on or of in a display; lower number equals faster time

Americans With Disabilities Act (ADA)

requires companies with 15 or more people to make reasonable attempts to accommodate the needs of physically challenged workers

LCD (liquid crystal display)

sandwiches a liquid compound between two sheets of material that presents sharp, flicker free images on a screen when illuminated

Magstripe Reader

short for magnetic stripe card reader; reads the magnetic strip on the back of credit card, entertainment cards, bank cards, and other similar cards

Pixel

short for picture element; a single point in an electronic image

Digital Pen

slightly larger than a stylus that captures and converts a user's handwriting or drawings into a digital format; handwriting recognition software translates the letters/symbols created

Label Printer

small printer that prints on an adhesive type material that can be placed on a variety of items

Touchpad

small, flat, rectangular pointing device that is sensitive to pressure and motion; found most often on laptops and convertible tablets

Mobile Printer

small, lightweight, battery powered printer that allows mobile users to print from a laptop, phone, or other devices

Compact Keyboard

smaller than standard keyboard; usually does not include a numeric keypad or navigation keys; some are built in or by another technique; others communicate wirelessly or attach by a clip or magnet; some are on screen or virtual

Motion Input

sometimes called gesture recognition; users can guide on-screen elements using air gestures

Plotter

sophisticated printer used to produce high quality drawings, like blue prints or maps; usually used in specialized fields

Types of Landscape Orientation

spread-sheets, slide show, and graphics

Types of Input Devices

stylus, game controller, microphone, scanner, bar code reader, keyboard, mouse, touch screen

Types of Output

text, graphics, audio, video

Backlight

the light source; often uses either CCFL or LED technology

Source Document

the original form of the data

Ink Jet Printer

type on non-impact printer that forms characters and graphics by spraying drops of liquid ink onto a piece of paper; most of these printers can produce lab quality pictures and other materials

Standard Keyboard

typically have 101 to 105 keys, which include function keys and a numeric keypad

AMOLED (active matrix OLED)

used by many mobile devices and computers; uses both active matrix and OLED technologies; combining benefits of high quality viewing from all angles with lower power usage

OCR software (optical character recognition)

used by many scanners; can read and convert text documents into electronic files

Signature Capture Pad

used to capture a handwritten signature with a stylus that is attached to the device; often work at POS (point of sale) terminals

3D Printer

uses a process called additive manufacturing to create an object by adding material to a 3-dimensional object; can print solid objects like clothing

LCD Projector

uses liquid crystal display technology; attaches directly to a computer or device; uses its own light source to display information; usually gives lower-quality images

OLED (organic LED)

uses organic molecules that are self illuminating and do not require a backlight; these displays require less power and produce an even brighter, easy to read screen than LCD and LED displays; have shorter life span

DLP Projector (Digital light processing)

uses tiny mirrors to reflect light; produces crisp, colorful images that remain in focus; preferred over LCD

Optical Scanner

usually called a scanner; a light sensing input device that reads printed text and graphics and then translates the results into a form the computer can process

Video conference

usually used for business; a meeting between two or more geographically separated people

Active Matrix

what LCD displays usually use to produce color; also called TFT (thin-film transistor); uses a separate transistor to apply charges to each liquid crystal cell; produces high quality color

Pen Input

you touch a stylus or digital pen on a flat surface to write, draw, or make selections