Chapter 7- Life Span Development

Infancy is defined as the stage of life from birth to: A. 18 months. B. 9 months. C. 12 months. D. 15 months.

C

A 26-month-old toddler is reported to have fallen and lacerated his chin. His mother did not witness the fall. As you proceed through your assessment, your partner reports that she's concerned about his heart rate, which she measures as 64. She's checked it twice. Your knowledge of normal vital signs for a patient this age suggests that his pulse rate is: A) too slow. B) too fast. C) within normal range. D) not reliable.

A

In this stage of development, there are several physiological and psychosocial changes, second only to infancy or adolescence. A. Late adulthood B. Preschool age C. Middle adulthood D. Toddler

A

Patients in late adulthood are likely to face which of the following challenges? A) Self-worth B) Hygiene C) Tax burden D) All of the above

A

The decline in cardiac function that commonly occurs in late adulthood is MOST often related to: A. atherosclerosis. B. hypotension. C. street drug use. D. kidney failure.

A

Which of the following describes the Moro reflex? A. The neonate opens his or her arms wide, spreads his or her fingers, and seems to grasp at something after being startled. B. An infant's heart rate decreases secondary to hypoxia because he or she depends heavily on the heart rate to perfuse the body. C. When the sole of the foot is stroked with a blunt object, the big toe lifts upward and the other toes fan outward. D. When something touches a neonate's cheek, he or she instinctively turns his or her head toward the touch.

A

Which of the following is NOT a common psychosocial challenge of late adulthood? A) Self-destructive behaviors B) Concern about death and dying C) Financial burdens D) Issues of self-worth

A

Which of the following is a physical change that typically occurs in the adolescent age group? A. Secondary sexual development begins. B. The normal pulse rate steadily increases. C. Muscle and bone growth both decrease. D. The systolic blood pressure decreases.

A

You suspect that a 75-year-old man has internal injuries after he fell and struck his ribs and abdomen on the corner of a table. When assessing and treating an injured patient of this age, you must recall that: A. his ability to physiologically compensate for his injury may be impaired due to an inability to increase cardiac output. B. functional blood volume in patients of this age steadily increases due to increased production of red blood cells. C. blood pressure is usually adequately maintained because the blood vessels of older people can contract easily. D. it is not uncommon to observe heart rates in excess of 150 beats/min in elderly patients without internal injuries.

A

Your 4-month-old patient is reported to be irritable and lethargic after feeding poorly for two days. One method for assessing the patient's level of hydration is to gently palpate the soft spots on the surface of the skull. These soft spots are also known as the: A) fontanelles. B) acromion process. C) mandibles. D) carpals.

A

Patients in which age group tend to be very concerned with body image? A) School age B) Adolescence C) Middle adulthood D) Early adulthood

B

The risk of bleeding in the skull, which increases with age, is MOST directly related to: A. meningeal deterioration. B. shrinkage of the brain. C. low blood pressure. D. a decrease in neurons.

B

Which of the following is the feeling infants get when they know all their needs will be met? A. Scaffolding B. Bonding C. Trust D. Moro reflex

B

You are assessing a 6-month-old female patient who, according to the parents, is not acting normally. At this stage of development, the patient should be able to do which of the following? A. Respond to the word "no" B. Sit upright in a high chair C. Sleep D. Sit alone on the floor

B

You are caring for a 4-month-old male patient who is reported to have vomited five times today. His parents describe no other associated symptoms or complaints. The patient is lying on the couch with a pacifier in his mouth, smiling at you. Developmentally, you would expect a patient of this age to be able to: A. have attachment anxiety or fear strangers. B. drool without swallowing. C. sit up without assistance. D. say the word "no."

B

You have been dispatched to a shopping mall to assess a 1-month-old female patient that tumbled out of her stroller while her mother was shopping. Upon your arrival, the baby is awake, alert, and happily smiling and cooing at her mom. The mother reports that the child did not appear to suffer any injuries as a result of the fall. As you assess the patient and place your finger in her hand, she grasps it tightly. This is known as the: A. Moro reflex. B. palmar reflex. C. rooting reflex. D. sucking reflex.

B

Your 89-year-old male patient has called for help because he almost passed out after bringing in his garbage cans from the curb. The patient lives alone and says that he became panicked when he started feeling so lightheaded and dizzy. Patients in this age group often undergo all of the following changes to their health, except: A) blood volume decreases. B) increased metabolism. C) sleep-wake cycle disrupted. D) deterioration of respiratory system.

B

At which of the following stages is toilet-training most likely to begin? A) Preschool age B) Infant C) Toddler D) School age

C

During which age group is the body in peak physical condition? A) Preschool B) Adolescent C) Early adult D) Middle adult

C

In which age group do you anticipate seeing patients who have less efficient cardiovascular systems and a reduction of blood volume? A. Early adulthood B. Middle adulthood C. Late adulthood D. Infancy

C

Middle adulthood is the stage of life from __ to __ years. A. 31; 60 B. 35; 55 C. 41; 60 D. 35; 65

C

When you startle a 4-month-old, he throws his arms out, spreads his fingers, then grabs with his fingers and arms. The reaction is known as the: A) rooting reflex B) startle reflex C) Moro reflex D) scaffolding reflex.

C

Which of the following statements regarding an infant's vital signs is correct? A. An infant's normal tidal volume decreases in volume as they age. B. An infant's normal body temperature is 92.6 degrees. C. An infant's heart rate generally ranges between 100 and 160 beats/min. D. An infant's normal heart rate increases by 10 beats/min as they age.

C

Which of the following statements regarding psychosocial development in the adolescent age group is correct? A. Adolescents are less fixated on their public image than younger children. B. Family conflict decreases as the adolescent gains control of his or her life. C. Antisocial behavior and peer pressure peak around 14 to 16 years of age. D. Because they think rationally, adolescents are at the lowest risk for suicide.

C

Breathing is often more labor intensive in older adults because the: A. overall size of the airway decreases. B. surface area of the alveoli increases. C. diaphragm and intercostal muscles enlarge and get stronger. D. elasticity of the lungs decreases.

D

The average pulse rate of individuals between 19 and 60 years of age is typically: A. 120 beats/min. B. 100 beats/min. C. 50 beats/min. D. 70 beats/min.

D

When communicating with an older patient, it is important to remember that: A. most older patients are confused due to a decrease in brain cells. B. deafness and blindness effect all old people. C. the majority of older patients experience a loss of low-frequency hearing. D. age-related changes diminish the effectiveness of the eyes and ears.

D

Which of the following is the term used to describe an infant's reaction to his environment? A. Attitude B. Bonding C. Personality D. Temperament

D

You are assessing a 11 year-old male patient who has been involved in a bicycle accident. This patient would be classified as being in which stage of life? A. Middle school age B. Adolescent C. Junior school age D. School age

D

You have been called to a private residence where a 16-year-old female patient is reported by her parents to be "acting strangely" and possibly "on something." Upon your arrival, the patient is locked in her bedroom refusing to open the door. The patient refuses to speak to you and will only come out if her best friend is present. Your knowledge of life-span development indicates that the following characteristics are common with a patient of this age. A) Depression and suicide B) Preoccupation with body image C) Self-destructive behaviors such as tobacco, alcohol, and drug use D) All of the above

D