Chapter 7 (Music 80F)

bandoneon

An accordion like instrument of German origin associated with tango that is also used in contemporary traditional music ensembles. it has 38 buttons in the upper and middle registers and 33 buttons in the lower register

tamboril

a common name for a single or double-headed drum found in various regions of Spain and Latin America in Uruguay it is an important national instrument associated with candombe. played in candombe is a single headed drum of African origin that is carried over the players shoulder an is played with two hands one of which holds a stick.

grupo renovacion

a group of Argentine composers founded in 1929 that aimed to modernize classical music by implementing the latest international trends

dissonances

a harsh or unpleasant musical sounds that creates a sense of tension as if it needs to resolve. unresolved dissonance frequently occurs in contemporary music.

bombo

a large double headed cylindrical drum played with sticks and known throughout the andes and parts of Argentina. Goat or Llama hair is typically left on the leather drumheads giving the instrument a muffled sound

lunfardo

a rioplatense dialect that blends Italian linguistic characteristics with local patterns of speech. words appear frequently in the lyrics of tango songs.

Payadas

a rioplatense vocal competition that derives from the tradition of improvised sung poetry of the Iberian peninsula. is based on the improvisation of sung stanzas of poetry by two singers accompanied by guitars. it can be compared with the Cuban controversy genre and Brazilian Cantoria (kind of like a rap battle)

Chamame

a song and couples dance genre that originated in northeastern Argentina as a synthesis of the European polka with local music features. it has a romantic character and sentimental lyrics

gaucho

a south American horseman from the plains region of Argentina and Uruguay or from the Rio Grande do Sul in Brazil. Gaucho music features solo singing and dancing accompanied by the guitar

zapateo

a specific dance style derived from Spanish sources characterized by motion primarily from the waist down and the tapping of the dancers shoes against the floor to create percussive sounds and rhythms

Sonata form

a standard form of classical music that consists of three main sections exposition development and recapitulation. this form is typical of the outer movements of sonatas from the late 1700s to the present as well as symphonies and other genres of instrumental music.

compadrito

a stereotype of a rioplatense male from the lower class associated with the marginal social environment of the early tango. tango lyrics and rioplatense literature portray the compadrito as a courageous fighter an arrogant bully and a sensuous dancer.

criollo

a term used to describe music descended from Spanish roots and that developed in the americas. it alohas specific local meanings. in Argentina it I used to describe music that is sung in Spanish and has predominantly European characteristics. in Peru it refers to the people culture and music of the coast as distinct from the indigenous and mestizo Andean highlands

milonga

a traditional song genre of Argentina and Uruguay in syncopated duple meter with guitar accompaniment alternatively this term may refer than urban popular dance or to any place where tangos re performed

Tango

an Argentine and Urguayan popular genre that arose at the turn of the twentieth century in the surroundings of Buenos Aires and Montevideo. uses a duple or quadruple rhythm and features an accordion-like instrument known as the bandoneon.

malambos

an improvised Argentine dance performed by two gauchos. it is characterized by variations on a repeated chord progression played by the guitar along with vigorous zapateo dancing

candombe

came from Montevideo in Uruguay .most commonly it is defined as an afro-uruguayan song and dance genre performed at carnival that uses a specific drum call played by a percussion ensemble. see also tamboril. recently received worldwide recognition from UNESCO as intangible cultural heritage of humanity.

Chacarera

from the region of Santiago Del Estero. a lively argenitine couples dance that alternates between 3/4 meter and 6/8 meter and is traditionallly performed by an acoustic violin guitar and bombo. today. also appears in contemporary popular music

Guarani

native language spoken by the people of the rioplatense region. were quickly subjugated by the Spanish and turned mestizo.

littoral

region in Argentina. characterized by social dances of European origin and the use of the accordion. occupies space between parana and Uruguay river.

The Pampas

region of Argentina with fertile farming land and grazing regions. the tremendous livestock and agriculture industries fortified the Argentine economy. also hold much political sway because it includes the capital Buenos Aires. also home to the Tango milonga and other forms of urban popular music

tritonic

scales (of three notes) used in criollo music (pentatonic was also used)

Argentina Northwest, Cuyo, Gran Chaco, Mesopotamia, Pampas, Patagonia

seven regions of Argentina

arrabales

term for an impoverished district on the outskirts of Buenos Aires and Montevideo where Tango arose.

exposition

the first section in sonata form, presenting the main musical themes of the piece in two different keys.

Rioplatense

the region composing of Argentina, Uruguay, and Paraguay

development

the second section of a sonata form. the development manipulates and varies the main musical themes of the piece.

recapitulation

the third section of a sonata form piece which restates the main musical themes of the piece in their original form all in the home key

Sixto Palavecino

wrote - Chacarera Del Paisano. in the style of the chacarera a lively couples dance. song represents the transition from Rural to Urban life.

Agustin Barrios Mangore

wrote - La Cathedral performed by John Williams. consists of three parts a prelude a choral and a virtuosic tour-de-force. most well known classical musician of Paraguay.

Seru Giran

wrote - Los Sobrevivientes. defined the rock Nacional movement during the dirty war.

Atahualpa Yupanqui

wrote - Malambo a song in the style Malambo. a dance battle between two gauchos. from Buenos Aires.

Alfredo Zitarrosa

wrote - Milonga para una niña a song in the style of milonga. comes from Uruguay. lyrics represent criollo tradition by portraying music as a release from suffering.

Carlos Gardel

wrote - for una cabeza a legendary idol in tango history. appeared in movies. wrote the first tango cancion. died in a plane crash.

Alberto Ginastero

wrote - la dome from Estancia. born in Buenos Aires. composed operas that were successful in America and Argentina.