Chapter 7 Nutrition

Nutritional adequacy is difficult to achieve on fewer than how many kcalories per day? a. 1300 b. 1200 c. 1500 d. 1700 e. 2000

b. 1200

Donna currently weighs 160 pounds, is 5 feet tall and needs 1700 kcal/day to maintain weight. How many kcalories should Donna consume daily in order to lose weight? a. 1200 b. 1600 c. 1800 d. 2000 e. 2200

a. 1200

Which food has the lowest energy density? a. 15 fresh grapes b. 1/2 cup rice c. 1/2 cup ice cream d. 16 baked chips e. 1 chicken wing

a. 15 fresh grapes

The greatest appeal of fad diets is that they tend to ignore current diet recommendations.

True

Despite claims that each new fad diet is different and offers a new approach to weight loss, most fad diets: KEYWORDS: a. cut kcalories. b. eliminate animal-based foods. c. encourage skipping meals. d. are individualized .e. require supplements for effectiveness.

a. cut kcalories.

Genetics alone determines a person's susceptibility to obesity.

False

Ghrelin is a hormone produced in the stomach that acts much like leptin.

False

works by suppressing appetite.

Naltrexone

James is trying to gain weight. Which of the following would you suggest to help James with his goal? a. Eat peanut butter instead of lean meats. b. Drink black coffee. c. Skip beverages. d. Choose cream cheese-filled pastries for breakfast. e. Avoid working out as much as possible.

a. Eat peanut butter instead of lean meats.

The benefits of regular physical activity in weight loss include which of the following? a. appetite control. b. a long-term decrease in basal metabolism. c. increase in stress. d. loss of lean body mass. e. increased risk of stroke.

a. appetite control.

A good way to begin a safe and effective weight-loss program is to: a. keep a food and activity diary. b. reduce energy intake to 800 kcalories per day. c. start on a Monday. d. recognize that the feelings of starvation are inevitable. e. sign up for a marathon.

a. keep a food and activity diary.

On a sensible weight-loss plan, which of the following should be consumed in the largest volumes? a. vegetables and fruit food groups b. grains and protein foods groups c. milk and fruit food groups d. most energy-dense foods e. energy drinks and whey protein

a. vegetables and fruit food groups

Which of the following is a drug used to treat obesity that reduces the absorption of fat? a. Orlistat b. Phendimetrazine c. Belviqd. Qsymia e. Gastric bypass

b. Phendimetrazine

Which of the following is the best example of the link between food behavior and emotions? a. someone who eats fast food for lunch every day b. someone who would rather sit home and eat than ask a friend to go to a movie and risk rejection c. someone who always eats popcorn while watching a movie d. a pregnant woman who craves pickles e. a 5-year-old boy who only wants to eat macaroni and cheese

b. someone who would rather sit home and eat than ask a friend to go to a movie and risk rejection

The major drawback of most fad diets is: a. they promote false information about weight loss. b. they do not create lifestyle changes to support long-term weight control. c. they create false hopes among those who try them. d. they usually require the purchase of dietary supplements. e. they often suggest kcalorie intakes that are unsustainably low.

b. they do not create lifestyle changes to support long-term weight control.

The theory that the body tends to maintain a certain weight by means of its own internal controls is referred to as:

e. set-point theory.

The American College of Sports Medicine recommends how many minutes of moderate-intensity exercise per week for weight gain prevention? a. 15 b. 60 c. 90 d. 120 e. 150

e.150

The surgical approach to weight loss can often be justified in cases of: a. BMI 25-30. b. uncontrolled diabetes .c. clinically severe obesity. d. peptic ulcer disease. e. uncontrolled hypertension.

.c. clinically severe obesity.

interacts with brain serotonin receptors to increase satiety.

Belviq

Sarah is trying to lose 10 pounds. Which of the following would you suggest? A.Reduce your kcalorie intake by 100-200 kcalories a day and engage in 15 minutes of exercise per day. B.Ask your physician for a prescription for orlistat. C.Replace two meals a day with a bowl of cereal. D.Reduce your kcalorie intake by 300-500 kcalories a day and engage in at least 250 minutes of physical activity per week. E.Cut carbohydrates completely from your diet and apply fat-burning cream to your skin daily.

D.Reduce your kcalorie intake by 300-500 kcalories a day and engage in at least 250 minutes of physical activity per week.

Weight-loss advice applies equally to all overweight people.

False

a surgical weight loss method that reduces the capacity of the stomach.

Gastric bypass

stimulates insulin production and the release of glucagon; suppresses appetite.

Saxenda

enhances the release of norepinephrine

Phentermine

enhances the release of the neurotransmitter norepinephrine and makes food taste less appealing.

Phentermine plus topiramate combination

Which of the following would be least likely to be considered when deciding whether a person should lose weight? a. the extent of overweight. b. age. c. health. d. basal metabolic rate. e. genetics.

d. basal metabolic rate.

Compared to refined foods, high-fiber, unprocessed, or lightly processed foods aid in weight loss because they KEYWORDS: provide: a. less absorption, resulting in fewer kcalories. b. a faster transit time through the intestinal tract. c. more kcalories in a larger amount of food. d. bulk and satiety for fewer kcalories. e. blockage of fats from being absorbed.

d. bulk and satiety for fewer kcalories.

.Fast food contributes to obesity because it generally provides: a. nutrient-dense foods. b. smaller portions. c. plenty of low-kcalorie choices. d. large portions and energy-dense foods. e. kcalorie information on menu boards.

d. large portions and energy-dense foods.

Intestinal bacteria that can influence energy balance are known as: a. obesogenic. b. obligate aerobes. c. gastrointestinal viruses. d. microbiota. e. lipoprotein activators.

d. microbiota.

Which of the following is most likely to occur with the implementation of severe kcalorie restriction and rapid weight loss? a. excessive loss of lean tissue. b. a lower basal metabolism. c. rapid regain of weight. d. rapid loss of fat tissue. e. increased risk for development of an eating disorder

d. rapid loss of fat tissue.

Jill, who currently weighs 180 pounds and is 4' 8" tall, has asked to be placed on a weight-loss diet. Jill should cut how many kcalories/day from her energy intake? a. 300-500 b. 700-800 c. 1500-2000 d. 600-1200 e. 500-1000

e. 500-1000

Most obese people have a leptin deficiency.

false

Steam and sauna baths that melt fat off the body are appropriate obesity interventions.

false

urban and rural low-income areas with limited access to affordable and nutritious foods.

food deserts

the psychological desire to eat.

appetite

a hormone produced primarily by the stomach cells that promotes increased appetite and food intake.

ghrelin

The average U.S. diet delivers approximately how many kcalories a day from sweetened beverages? a. 50-75 b. 75-150 c. 160-185 d. 190-225 e. 250-300

b. 75-150

Which of the following is a prescription drug that alters release of the brain's neurotransmitters to suppress appetite? a. Orlistat b. Phentermine c. Olestrad. Belviq e. Alli

b. Phentermine

The psychological desire to eat is referred to as: a. satiety. b. appetite. c. hunger. d. obesity. e. set-point.

b. appetite.

The development of excess fat cells is most likely to occur: a. when you eat a large breakfast. b. during late childhood and puberty. c. if you are inactive. d. around the age of 40. e. during pregnancy.

b. during late childhood and puberty.

For someone who is trying to gain weight, an easy way to add kcalories is to: a. drink a lot of water. b. increase consumption of healthy caloric beverages. c. use fat-free salad dressings freely. d. add more salt to food. e. skip breakfast and eat a larger lunch.

b. increase consumption of healthy caloric beverages.

Women following a weight-loss diet many need supplements of _____. a. amino acids and/or essential fatty acids b. iron and/or calcium c. sodium and/or potassium d. vitamin C and/or calcium e. vitamin B12 and/or zinc

b. iron and/or calcium

In order to lose 1-2 pounds per week while retaining lean tissue, you would need to reduce your food intake by how many kcalories per day? a. 5 b. 250 c. 650 d. 100 e. 2000

c. 650

Which of the following is a hormone produced by the stomach cells that promotes positive energy balance by stimulating appetite and promoting efficient energy storage? a. Insulin b. Leptin c. Ghrelin d. Yohimbe

c. Ghrelin

A modest, sustained weight loss (3-5 percent of body weight) can have which of the following effects? a. Improved levels of low-density and high-density lipoproteins b. Increased risk of diabetes c. Improved control of diabetes d. Discontinuation of all diabetic and cardiovascular medication e. Fat cell loss

c. Improved control of diabetes

Which of the following would be the least likely benefit of physical activity? a. It expends energy. b. It reduces abdominal obesity. c. It lowers basal metabolism. d. It may help to counteract the negative effects of excess body weight on health. e. It reduces stress.

c. It lowers basal metabolism.

.Belviq works by interacting with brain serotonin receptors to increase satiety.

True

Genetics influences the way the body consumes, stores, and expends energy.

True

Obese people who are maintaining weight have lower blood levels of ghrelin than thinner people on weight-loss diets.

True

On a sensible weight-control program, meals and snacks should include whole-grain foods and fiber-rich vegetables.

True

Some research indicates that obese people have much more lipoprotein lipase activity in their fat cells than lean people do.

True

An appropriate food to consume before a meal to increase one's feeling of fullness is: a. a cup of cream of chicken soup. b. an unbuttered roll. c. a cup of vegetable soup. d. a breadstick dipped in olive oil. e. chips and salsa.

c. a cup of vegetable soup.

Benefits of physical activity in a weight-control program include: a. it helps a person to not think about food. b. it decreases energy expenditure. c. it speeds up basal metabolism. d. it helps one "spot reduce." e. increased appetite.

c. it speeds up basal metabolism.

Warning signs of an unsound weight-loss program include: a. a diet that provides at least 1200 kcalories. b. recommendations to consume ordinary foods. c. requirements to purchase a particular brand of foods/supplements. d. encouragement to pursue physical activity. e. a diet that limits added sugars and alcohol.

c. requirements to purchase a particular brand of foods/supplements.

The long-term safety and effectiveness of gastric surgery depend largely on: a. compliance with dietary instructions. b. avoidance of all fats. c. the patient's age. d. regular monitoring of blood glucose levels. e. gastrointestinal hormone levels.

a. compliance with dietary instructions.

Zachary is trying to gain weight. He complains that he has a hard time eating a lot of food at one meal. You advise him to: a. eat energy-dense snacks between meals. b. eat more slowly. c. drink less water. d. eat a salad before his meal. e. eat faster.

a. eat energy-dense snacks between meals.

A key to preventing weight regain is to: a. only check weight once a month. b. avoid thinking thoughts that promote self-efficacy. c. view weight maintenance as a lifestyle, not a goal. d. skip breakfast every day. e. change eating patterns frequently.

c. view weight maintenance as a lifestyle, not a goal.

David has a difficult time gaining weight. Your recommendations to him include: a. "Eat all you want and avoid physical activity. "b. "Limit low-kcalorie foods like fruits and vegetables." c. "Ask your doctor for a prescription for orlistat." d. "Consume energy-dense foods and engage in weight training." e. "Drink only water and avoid snacks."

d. "Consume energy-dense foods and engage in weight training."

You are helping your client develop a healthy eating plan to lose weight. Which of the following would you be least likely to tell her? a. Include physical activity in your plan. b. Choose fiber-rich vegetables over higher fat meats and cheeses. c. Drink plenty of water. d. Drink plenty of kcalorie-rich fluids- juice, chocolate milk .e. Plan snacks appropriately.

d. Drink plenty of kcalorie-rich fluids- juice, chocolate milk

a hormone produced by fat cells that decreases appetite and increases energy expenditure.

leptin

an enzyme mounted on the surface of fat cells that hydrolyzes triglycerides in the blood into fatty acids and glycerol for absorption into the cells.

lipoprotein lipase

the theory that proposes that the body tends to maintain a certain weight by means of its own internal controls.

set point

inhibits pancreatic lipase activity, blocking digestion and absorption of fat.

Orlistat

Lucie is practicing good cognitive skills for weight loss when she tells herself: "I shouldn't have eaten that ice cream yesterday... no wonder I'm fat." "I was able to walk on the treadmill 15 minutes longer today than I could 2 weeks ago... my fitness level is improving." "I really, really want to lose weight; I just can't seem to succeed no matter how hard I try." "I need to remember to stop by the grocery store and pick up some more fresh vegetables for salads, and some light vinaigrette." "I was only able to run for 20 minutes... I'll never be fit enough for a half-marathon."

"I was able to walk on the treadmill 15 minutes longer today than I could 2 weeks ago... my fitness level is improving."

Which of the following is an amphetamine-like substance once available over the counter for weight loss but was banned by the FDA due to many ill effects reported by consumers? a. Ephedrine b. Pyruvate c. Chitosan d. Yohimbe e. Orlistat

a. Ephedrine

Your client has struggled with obesity for many years. She gets tested for leptin levels and it is discovered that she has a genetic deficiency of leptin. What is likely to happen when she begins daily leptin injections? a. She will lose weight. b. She will gain weight. c. Her weight will not change. d. Her ghrelin levels will increase. e. She will develop type II diabetes.

a. She will lose weight.

The secret to safe and permanent weight loss is a sensible approach involving: a. physical activity and a healthy low-kcalorie diet. b. hormones and diet pills. c. a very-low-kcalorie diet combined with regular exercise. d. herbal supplements and a low-kcalorie diet. e. a low-carbohydrate diet and weekly fat-melting body wraps.

a. physical activity and a healthy low-kcalorie diet.

You are researching a new diet plan that everyone is talking about. Which of the following statements would cause you the least concern regarding this new diet? a. "Read testimonials from people who lost 50 pounds in 6 weeks!" b. "Based on complex carbohydrates and lean protein." c. "Only $99 per month to find out more about this great weight loss plan!" d. "Dairy-free, soy-free, gluten-free diet."e . "De-toxifies your digestive tract and resets your metabolism."

b. "Based on complex carbohydrates and lean protein."

. Which of the following is a component of the national goals to combat obesity? a. Reduce funding for bike and walking paths. b. Advertise healthy lifestyle choices. c. Increase funding for obesity research. d. Increase the number of food deserts. e. Encourage physical activity for children only.

b. Advertise healthy lifestyle choices.

A person trying to gain weight should: a. avoid any form of exercise. b. eat energy-dense foods. c. eat faster. d. consume fewer beverages. e. eat small portions.

b. eat energy-dense foods.

the buildings, roads, utilities, homes, fixtures, parks, and all other man-made entities that form the physical characteristics of a community.

built environment

Which of the following statements is true regarding fad diets? a. They are based on credible scientific research. b. The FDA requires proof that they work and are safe. c. They usually offer distorted bits of legitimate research, which makes them sound feasible .d. Scientists have overlooked the obvious facts and a lay person has figured out the key to successful weight loss. e. They tend to follow current diet recommendations.

c. They usually offer distorted bits of legitimate research, which makes them sound feasible

Susie has been overweight for many years. She tends to eat when she is not really hungry and eats more food when she is angry or depressed. Which of the following could explain Susie's problem of overweight? a. lipoprotein lipase b. set-point theory c. learned behavior d. genetics e. food desert

c. learned behavior

Basal metabolism remains elevated for how long after intense and prolonged activity? a. 30 minutes b. 2-3 days c. several hours d. only a few minutes e. indefinitely

c. several hours

Which of the following complications would be least likely to result from weight-loss surgery? a. infections b. nutritional deficiencies c. the development of diabetes d. psychological problems e. dehydration

c. the development of diabetes

Which of the following statements is true regarding weight loss? a. Laxatives promote weight loss. b. Hot baths speed up metabolism. c. Grapefruit juice melts body fat. d. Some weight-loss products can be dangerous. e. Wraps performed by a professional will reduce body fat.

d. Some weight-loss products can be dangerous.

The best form of physical activity for a person who is trying to lose weight is: a. running 5 miles at least 3 times a week. b. walking 2 miles in 30 minutes. c. a daily workout at the gym. d. something he or she enjoys and will do regularly. e. strength training.

d. something he or she enjoys and will do regularly.

Which of the following is an environmental stimulus that is least likely to contribute to obesity? a. the abundance of food available b. an increase in portion sizes c. energy-dense fast food d. the year-round availability of fresh fruits and vegetables e. heavy advertising for fast food

d. the year-round availability of fresh fruits and vegetables

Screen time contributes to obesity by: a. limiting access to fresh foods. b. increasing energy expenditure. c. increasing risk of depression. d. increasing time spent cooking. e. replacing time spent being active.

e

Quite simply, the key to weight loss is: a. combining foods correctly at meals. b. not eating desserts. c. eating less carbohydrate. d. eating only grapefruit for breakfast. e. consuming fewer kcalories.

e. consuming fewer kcalories.

Weight-loss surgeries: a. reduce the capacity of the colon .b. are dangerous and should be avoided. c. have no complications. d. worsen existing health conditions associated with obesity. e. reduce the capacity of the stomach.

e. reduce the capacity of the stomach.

the physiological need to eat, experienced as a drive to obtain food.

hunger

a brain center that controls activities such as maintenance of water balance, regulation of body temperature, and control of appetite.

hypothalamus