chapter 7 pretest

Which of the following situations best illustrates relearning?

Brooklyn hasn't ridden her bike in years, but she climbs on her boyfriend's bike and takes off.

Who is engaging in distributed practice?

Geoff, who has been studying an hour a night over the last three weeks for his anatomy final

1. Hideki and Thao are reviewing for an exam. Thao asks the following question: "What term refers to how people retain information over time?" Hideki would be most correct if he answered __________.

Memory

Which of the following provides the best explanation for why your history teacher can remember 14 random historic dates, while you can only recall about 7?

chunking

For students to show the best performance on their exams, they are advised to engage in __________.

distributed practice

Kira is jogging down the street listening to her portable music player. Abruptly, her batteries die and the music stops. __________ memory accounts for her ability to still "hear" the last part of the song that was playing for several seconds after the machine stopped working.

echoic

Jeff is studying with a fellow classmate and is frustrated that he is missing several important concepts from his notes. Jeff claims that the professor "never said that in class," and yet his friend has the information recorded in his notes. What kind of failure of memory might Jeff have experienced?

encoding

The order of the basic memory processes in which information enters the memory system and is later used is __________.

encoding, storage, and retrieval

You are telling your friend about a trip you took to Sea World when you were a child. During the middle of the show, the trainer slipped, fell into the water, and was nearly killed. You can remember the scene as if it happened yesterday. This is an example of which type of memory?

flashbulb

You watch LeShon wave his Fourth of July sparkler as he runs. As you watch, you notice a circle of light rather than just a single point of light. This effect demonstrates the functioning of your __________ memory.

iconic

Daniel is learning French and is trying to remember the word for "love." He knows the romantic song That's Amore and uses that as a way of remembering that the French word for love is amour. This utilizes the __________, a mnemonic for assisting memory.

keyword method

Of the three most clearly identified systems of memory, ________ memory has the largest span and longest duration.

long-term

As we age, our ability to recognize the strengths and limitations of our own memories improves. This is known as __________.

meta-memory

An essay exam question or a fill-in-the-blank question with no word bank is similar to the __________ method of assessing one's memory.

recall

Just before taking your French I exam, you were reviewing five terms that you had missed on the last vocabulary test. When you get to your exam, you find that you have an easy time answering several questions because they are related terms you just studied. This is an example of the __________ effect.

recency

Ophelia is writing a fictitious autobiography for a composition class. She is combining real events with those that could have happened, as well as a few creative additions. In terms of the memory system, this approach is most similar to __________.

reconstructive memory

All night, Pedro has been staring at Samantha from across the dance floor. At the end of the night, he finally gets the courage to ask her for her telephone number. His mental repetition of her number on the drive home is one example of __________.

rehearsal

__________ is the process of reactivating or reconstructing information from your memory store.

retrieval

Following a car accident, Jane and Joan both suffer head injuries with resulting amnesia. Joan cannot remember events that occurred before the accident, while Jane cannot remember events that occurred after the accident. Joan suffers from __________ amnesia and Jane from __________ amnesia.

retrograde; anterograde

Aleixo just started his job as an advertising intern. When he arrived at the office, he was surprised that everyone was wearing jeans or other types of informal attire. The situation most likely violates Aleixo's __________ of office workers.

schema

After you finish reading this sentence, the information will remain in your __________ memory as you consider each of the answers below.

short-term

Jasmine needs to remember an 8-line poem for her 5th-grade English class next week. Her mother suggests that she link the first few words from each line with a different part of their home, starting with the front door. This suggestion is most similar to the memory strategy known as _________.

the method of loci

Jermaine sees a car accident and he initially estimates the offending driver to be traveling at 39 miles per hour. However, after hearing another witness's report of the cars "bumping" and answering a police officer's questions about the rate of speed when the cars "contacted," he subsequently revises his estimate to 30 miles per hour and his memory of the accident changes. This is an example of __________.

the misinformation effect

Danny has been collecting comic books since he was a child. If you ask him, he can tell you the name of every comic in his collection. However, he routinely struggles to remember the names of his new employees at work. Which concept is being illustrated?

the paradox of memory

When listening to the radio, Ramona hears a song; she cannot immediately recall the band's name, but she is sure she knows it. It feels as if the name is just outside of her reach! This is one example of __________.

the tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon