Chapter 7: Skeletal System: Bone Structure and Function Smart book Assignment

Compact bone makes up ______ of bone mass. Multiple choice question. 40% 60% 80% 20%

80%

Click and drag on elements in order Place the zones of an epiphyseal plate in their correct order. Start with the zone closest to the epiphysis. Choice 1 of 5. zone of resting cartilage Choice 2 of 5. zone of hypertrophic cartilage Choice 3 of 5. zone of ossification Choice 4 of 5. zone of proliferating cartilage Choice 5 of 5. zone of calcified cartilage

Correct Order: 1. zone of resting cartilage 2. zone of proliferating cartilage 3. zone of hypertophic cartilage 4. zone of calcified cartilage 5. zone of ossification

Select all that apply Which characterizes the process of bone resorption? Multiple select question. Hydrochloric acid dissolves minerals of bone. Red blood cells are lysed. Lysosomes dissolve the organic parts of bone matrix. Calcium ions are added to bone matrix.

Hydrochloric acid dissolves minerals of bone. Lysosomes dissolve the organic parts of bone matrix.

Bone B, in the picture provided, is classified as a(n) ______ bone. Multiple choice question. Figure 7.2 short long irregular flat

Irregular

Select all that apply Which statements characterize bone remodeling? Multiple select question. It helps maintain calcium and phosphate levels in body fluids. It occurs at the periosteal and endosteal surfaces of a bone. It can be stimulated by stress on a bone. It occurs at the same rate everywhere in the skeleton. It stops between the ages of 25 and 35.

It helps maintain calcium and phosphate levels in body fluids. It occurs at the periosteal and endosteal surfaces of a bone. It can be stimulated by stress on a bone.

Select all that apply Which statements characterize periosteum? Multiple select question. It is composed of dense irregular connective tissue. It is directly beneath articular cartilage. It functions to anchor blood vessels to the surface of bones. It covers the outer surface of the diaphysis of a long bone.

It is composed of dense irregular connective tissue. It functions to anchor blood vessels to the surface of bones. It covers the outer surface of the diaphysis of a long bone.

Which statements describe the matrix of bone? Multiple select question. It is composed of inorganic substances only. It is harder than the matrix of cartilage. It is composed of organic substances only. It is composed of organic and inorganic substances.

It is harder than the matrix of cartilage. It is composed of organic and inorganic substances.

______ are large phagocytic cells found in bone. Multiple choice question. Osteoclasts Osteocytes Osteoblasts Osteoprogenitor cells

Osteoclasts

Which components of bone matrix provides its tensile strength? Multiple choice question. organic components inorganic components

a. organic components

The type of cartilage that attaches the ribs to the sternum and is the cartilage of growth plates is ______. Multiple choice question. a.hyaline cartilage b.fibrocartilage

a.Hyaline Cartilage

The bone part labeled "A" in the figure is the ______. Multiple choice question.Figure 7.3 Gross Anatomy of a Long Bone a.proximal epiphysis b.diaphysis c.metaphysis d. distal epiphysis

a.proximal epiphysis

What is the entire structure that is pictured here? Multiple choice question. a trabeculae periosteum an osteon an osteoclast

an osteon

A bone's growth in diameter is called ____ growth.

appositional

A thin layer of hyaline cartilage covering an epiphysis of a long bone is called ______.

articular cartilage

A thin layer of hyaline cartilage covering an epiphysis of a long bone is called ______. Multiple choice question. epiphyseal cartilage long cartilage articular cartilage fibrocartilage

articular cartilage

The end of a long bone is covered with ______. Multiple choice question. adipose tissue red bone marrow articular cartilage

articular cartilage

Select all that apply Which statements characterize endosteum? Multiple select question. a.it covers the diaphysis of a bone b.it is active during bone repair c.it lines medullary cavities d.it contains osteoblasts

b.it is active during bone repair c.it lines medullary cavities d.it contains osteoblasts

In the picture of a flat bone, what does letter A represent? Multiple choice question. Figure 7.4 Flat bones within the skull a.endosteum b.periosteum c.spongy bone d.compact bone

b.periosteum

Select all that apply Calcium is required for ______. Multiple select question. blood clotting stimulation of digestion initiation of muscle contraction stimulation of the heart

blood clotting initiation of muscle contraction stimulation of the heart

The continual deposition of new bone tissue and the removal of old bone tissue is called ______. Multiple choice question. endochondral ossification bone resorption bone remodeling intramembranous ossification

bone remodeling

Acting as levers for movement is a function of ______. Multiple choice question. tendons bones muscles

bones

Most of the body's reserves of ______ and phosphate are stored and released by bone. Multiple choice question. calcium vitamin D sodium vitamin C

calcium

Spongy bone is also called ______. Multiple choice question. a.dense bone b.cortical bone c.cancellous bone

cancellous bone

Osteoclasts are ______. Multiple choice question. bone forming cells cells that break down bone

cells that break down bone

Letter A represents the _______ canal of the osteon.

central or Haversian

Which is an organic component of bone? Multiple choice question. collagen fibers calcium ions phosphate salts

collagen fibers

In the given image of a flat bone, what does letter B represent? Multiple choice question. Figure 7.4 Flat bones within the skull. compact bone periosteum spongy bone endosteum

compact bone

Bone is a type of ______ tissue. Multiple choice question. muscle connective nervous epithelial

connective

Bone is a type of ______ tissue. Multiple choice question. muscle epithelial nervous connective

connective

The expanded end of a long bone is called the ______. Multiple choice question. a.metaphysis b.diaphysis c.medulla d.epiphysis

d.epiphysis

The primary ossification center is located in the ______ of a long bone. Multiple choice question. proximal epiphysis diaphysis perforating canal central canal distal epiphysis

diaphysis

How does cartilage receive its nutrients? Multiple choice question. diffusion through the matrix through lymphatic vessels filtration by the matrix through its rich blood supply

diffusion through the matrix

How does cartilage receive its nutrients? Multiple choice question. filtration by the matrix through its rich blood supply through lymphatic vessels diffusion through the matrix

diffusion through the matrix

The bones of the upper and lower limbs are produced through _______ ossification.

endochondral or endochondrial

An incomplete layer of cells that lines the medullary cavity of a bone is called ______. Multiple choice question. periosteum epiosteum endosteum metosteum

endosteum

An incomplete layer of cells that lines the medullary cavity of a bone is called ______.Multiple choice question. periosteum endosteum epiosteum metosteum

endosteum

In this picture of bone tissue, name the structure labeled with the capital B. Multiple choice question. lacuna osteoclast canaliculi endosteum

endosteum

A thin line of compact bone in the epiphysis of a mature bone is called the ______. Multiple choice question. periosteum endosteum epiphyseal line epiphyseal membrane

epiphyseal line

Which structure replaces the epiphyseal plate? Multiple choice question. periosteum yellow bone marrow epiphyseal line medullary cavity

epiphyseal line

Lengthwise bone growth is complete when ______. Multiple choice question. periosteal bone collars become cartilage epiphyseal lines form articular cartilage ossifies epiphyseal plates become cartilage

epiphyseal lines form

Which hormones promote epiphyseal plate growth and closure? Multiple choice question. growth hormone and parathyroid hormone glucocorticoids estrogen and testosterone calcitonin and thyroid hormone

estrogen and testosterone

True or false: Mature cartilage is well vascularized. True false question. True False

false

The type of cartilage that forms intervertebral discs is ______. Multiple choice question. hyaline cartilage fibrocartilage

fibrocartilage

Bone C in the given picture is classified as a(n) ______ bone. Multiple choice question.Figure &.2 Classification of Bone by shape flat short long irregular

flat bone

Identify the type of bone marked letter A. Multiple choice question.Figure 7.2 Classification of Bone by Shape irregular bone short bone long bone flat bone

flat bone

Which bones are produced by intramembranous ossification? Multiple choice question. most bones of the lower limb flat bones of the skull most bones of the upper limb most of the bones of the vertebral column

flat bones of the skull

Choose the bones produced through intramembranous ossification. Multiple select question. flat bones of the skull maxilla vertebrae mandible upper and lower limb bones

flat bones of the skull maxilla mandible

Click and drag on elements in order Order the steps of a fracture repair. Instructions Choice 1 of 4. fibrocartilaginous callus Choice 2 of 4. bone is remodeled Choice 3 of 4. bony callus Choice 4 of 4. fracture hematoma

fracture hematoma fibrocartilaginous callus bony callus bone is remodeled

The semisolid material that suspends and supports the collagen fibers and is part of the organic materials in the matrix of bone is the ______ substance.

ground

The semisolid material that suspends and supports the collagen fibers and is part of the organic materials in the matrix of bone is the _________ substance.

ground

During bone development, the liver releases somatomedin in response to ______ hormone.

growth or somatotropin

The process of blood cell production is called ________.

hemopoiesis, hematopoiesis, erythropoiesis, hemogenesis, or haematopoiesis

Calcium phosphate and calcium hydroxide interact to form ______ in the matrix of bone.Multiple choice question. calcium carbonate hydroxyapatite crystals ground substance collagen fibers

hydroxyapatite crystals

Calcium phosphate and calcium hydroxide interact to form ______ in the matrix of bone.Multiple choice question. hydroxyapatite crystals ground substance calcium carbonate collagen fibers

hydroxyapatite crystals

Spongy bone is located ______ to compact bone. Multiple choice question. internal superficial

internal

A long bone's growth in length is called ______. Multiple choice question. appositional growth interstitial growth

interstitial growth

The flat bones of the skull are formed through ______ ossification. Multiple choice question. intramembranous endochondral

intramembranous

Identify the bone type marked letter A. Multiple choice question. Figure 7.2 Classification of Bone by Shape long bone short bone irregular bone flat bone

irregular bone

Select all that apply Which statements describe the inorganic components of the matrix of bone? Multiple select question. it contains hydroxyapatite crystals it includes collagen fibers it gives the bone its hardness it provides flexibility to the bone it includes ground substance

it contains hydroxyapatite crystals it gives the bone its hardness

Which statements correctly describe compact bone? Multiple select question. it forms the external walls of a long bone it is solid and relatively dense it is porous it contains trabeculae in flat bones, it is called diploe

it forms the external walls of a long bone it is solid and relatively dense

Select all that apply Which statements characterize articular cartilage? Multiple select question. it is composed of hyaline cartilage it is composed of fibrocartilage it covers a diaphysis it functions to reduce friction in joints it covers an epiphysis

it is composed of hyaline cartilage it functions to reduce friction in joints it covers an epiphysis

Select all that apply Which statements characterize woven bone? Multiple select question. it replaces secondary bone it is not well organized it is formed during intramembranous ossification it is formed during endochondral ossification

it is not well organized it is formed during intramembranous ossification

Select all that apply Which statements describe an osteon? Multiple select question. it runs parallel to the diaphysis of a long bone it contains a central canal it is also called a Haversian system it is microscopic it runs perpendicular to the diaphysis of a long bonef

it runs parallel to the diaphysis of a long bone it contains a central canal it is also called a Haversian system it is microscopic

Identify the structure marked by the letter B in this picture of an osteon. Multiple choice question. central canal lacunae canaliculus

lacunae

Identify the structure marked by the letter B in this picture of an osteon. Multiple choice question. Figure 7.7 Components of the Bone. canaliculus central canal lacunae

lacunae

Osteocytes are ______. Multiple choice question. mature bone cells bone destroying cells bone forming cells

mature bone cells

Select all that apply Functions of bone include ______. Multiple select question. mineral storage secretion of insulin blood cell formation (hematopoiesis) support protection

mineral storage blood cell formation (hematopoiesis) support protection

Another name for the calcification of bone is ________.

mineralization

An osteoblast is an example of which type of component of bone? Multiple choice question. inorganic component organic component

organic component

An osteoblast is an example of which type of component of bone? Multiple choice question. organic component inorganic component

organic component

Another term for bone tissue is ______ connective tissue. Multiple choice question. osseous dense adipose areolar

osseous

The formation and development of bone is ______. Multiple choice question. hemopoiesis fibrosis membranization ossification

ossification

The process of bone formation is called _______ .

ossification or osteogenesis

In this representation of bone tissue, name the structure labeled A. Multiple choice question. osteoclast endosteum osteoblast osteocyte

osteoclast

The cell of bone labeled B is ________ a(n) . Figure 7.6 Types of Cells in Bone Connective Tissues.

osteoclast

Bone resorption is a function of ______. Multiple choice question. osteoprogenitor cells osteoclasts osteocytes osteoblasts

osteoclasts

The bone cell labeled A is an ______. Multiple choice question. Figure 7.6 osteoblast osteocyte osteoclast osteoprogenitor cell

osteocyte

The bone cell labeled A is an ______. Multiple choice question. Figure 7.6 Types of cells in bone connective tissue. osteocyte osteoblast osteoclast osteoprogenitor cell

osteocyte

Mature bone cells sitting in lacunae are called ______. Multiple choice question. osteocytes osteoprogenitor cells osteoblasts osteoclast

osteocytes

When osteoblasts become entrapped in the matrix they produce, they become cells called ______. Multiple choice question. osteoclasts osteocytes osteoid

osteocytes

The release of _______ hormone increases blood calcium levels.

parathyroid or PTH

A tough fibrous layer covering the outer surface of a long bone is called ______. Multiple choice question. endosteum articular cartilage periosteum bone marrow

periosteum

The mineral called __________ , stored within bone, is a component of ATP and phospholipids.

phosphate

Select all that apply Bone formation requires ______. Multiple select question. phosphate vitamin D vitamin B1 calcium

phosphate vitamin D calcium

The diaphysis of a long bone is the site of the formation of the ______ ossification center. Multiple choice question. secondary primary

primary

The region in the diaphysis of a long bone where bone replaces cartilage through endochondral ossification is called the _________ ossification center; it is the first major center of bone formation.

primary

Osteoblasts function to ______. Multiple choice question. break down bone matrix destroy blood cells synthesize new blood cells produce osteoid

produce osteoid

Which is a function of bone? Multiple choice question. filtration of blood protection of organs nerve cell regeneration storage of glycogen

protection of organs

The epiphysis of a long bone closest to the body trunk is the_______ epiphysis.

proximal

Hematopoiesis occurs in ______. Multiple choice question. the blood yellow bone marrow red bone marrow the pancreas

red bone marrow

The organic components of bone provide ______. Multiple choice question. calcification resistance to stretching hardness inflexibility

resistance to stretching

The organic components of bone provide ______. Multiple choice question. hardness calcification inflexibility resistance to stretching

resistance to stretching

In the structure of the epiphyseal plate, the zone farthest away from the medullary cavity of the diaphysis of a long bone is the zone of ______. Multiple choice question. ossification calcified cartilage resting cartilage hypertrophic cartilage proliferating cartilage

resting cartilage

Cancellous or trabecular bone is also called ________ bone.

spongy

The role of estrogen and testosterone on maintenance and bone growth is to ______. Multiple choice question. stimulate the liver to produce somatomedin activate osteoclast activity stimulate osteoblasts and promote epiphyseal plate growth and closure dramatically decrease the rate of bone formation

stimulate osteoblasts and promote epiphyseal plate growth and closure

Select all that apply Which statements characterize osteoclasts? Multiple select question. they secrete bone matrix they secrete osteoid they have ruffled borders they are phagocytic

they have ruffled borders they are phagocytic

Select all that apply Which statements characterize osteocytes? Multiple select question. they reside in lacunae they secrete osteoid they break down bone matrix they maintain bone matrix

they reside in lacunae they maintain bone matrix

True or false: By age 25, most epiphyseal plates have ossified and lengthwise bone growth has stopped. True false question. True False

true

Endochondral ossification forms most bones of the ______. Multiple choice question. skull upper and lower limbs

upper and lower limbs

In intramembranous ossification, newly formed bone that is immature and not well organized is called ______. Multiple choice question. endochondral bone secondary bone woven bone lamellar bone

woven bone