Chapter 7- Thinking, language, and intelligence

A psychological test is valid when it

actually measures what it is supposed to measure.

Theorists taking an interactionist approach to language acquisition

agree that the brain is hardwired to acquire language.

According to the ________ heuristic, we assume that events we remember easily are likely to have occurred more frequently in the past—and are more likely to occur in the future—than events that are harder to remember.

availability

Jody is completing a test in which she has to name as many state capitals as she can in one minute; Alex is trying to complete analogies between pairs of abstract diagrams. Jody is taking a test of ________, whereas Alex, a test of ________.

crystallized intelligence; fluid intelligence

Knowledge of the internal aspects of oneself is termed

intrapersonal intelligence.

Which of the following results when a person is born with 47 chromosomes instead of the usual 46? A) Down syndrome B) clinical depression C) fetal alcohol syndrome D) obsessive-compulsive disorder

A) Down syndrome

Which of the following do traditional intelligence tests tend to assess? A) convergent thinking B) divergent thinking C) confirmation bias D) functional fixedness

A) convergent thinking

Junaid is making minor household repairs. He uses a pan as a hammer and a small nail clipper as a screwdriver. Which of the following statements best characterizes Junaid's problem solving? A) He is using trial and error. B) He is using the representative heuristic. C) He has been released from functional fixedness. D) He is forming subgoals.

C) He has been released from functional fixedness.

Which of the following statements is true of the linguistic-relativity hypothesis? A) It states that humans are born with an innate linguistic capability. B) It was proposed by Noam Chomsky. C) It states that language shapes and produces thought. D) It was proposed by Wolfgang Köhler.

C) It states that language shapes and produces thought.

Ricky tells his grandmother, "Momma holded the rabbit." In the context of language, Ricky's statement exemplifies

overgeneralization.

A psychological test is reliable when it

yields consistent measurements.

Laura is 8 years old; her performance on a series of tasks is equivalent to that of the average 10-year-old. Her intelligence quotient is

125

Which of the following statements is true of the rules of syntax? A) They are the smallest units of speech. B) They guide the order in which words may be strung together. C) They are sentences that only contain nouns. D) English speakers use about 52 of them to produce words.

B) They guide the order in which words may be strung together.

Which of the following is true of people with profound intellectual disability? A) They tend to have IQ scores ranging from 55 to 69. B) They typically require care for their entire lives. C) They can hold jobs and have families of their own. D) They constitute about 90% of all people with intellectual disabilities.

B) They typically require care for their entire lives.

Which of the following best expresses the distinction between the WAIS-IV and WISC-IV? A) The WAIS-IV is for use on men only, whereas the WISC-IV is used on women only. B) The WAIS-IV is a test of verbal intelligence, whereas the WISC-IV is a test of nonverbal intelligence. C) The WAIS-IV is used to test adult intelligence, whereas the WISC-IV is used to test children's intelligence. D) The WAIS-IV is the current successor to the WISC-IV, an older test of intelligence.

C) The WAIS-IV is used to test adult intelligence, whereas the WISC-IV is used to test children's intelligence.

Lori and Monica are looking at the cans of coffee on display at a local supermarket. They are trying to decide which of two different-sized cans will be the better buy. Lori attempts to divide the price of each can by the number of ounces of coffee each can contains. Monica suggests that "the larger size is usually a better buy. " Lori is using a(n) ________, whereas Monica is using a(n) ________.

algorithm; heuristic

Bodily kinesthetic intelligence refers to skills

in using the whole body or various portions of it in the solution of problems.

The apparent suddenness of insightful problem solutions

may rest in part on the foundation of trial and error.

Early theorists inferred the existence of a general intelligence factor or g-factor from

the correlation between performances among tests of different intellectual skills.

Thomas Edison invented the light bulb only because he experimented with thousands of different kinds of materials for a filament before he found one that worked (carbon). This shows that at the most basic level, we can solve problems through

trial and error.