Chapter 7 U.S. History H
In 1908 President Roosevelt made a ___ with ___ which agreed to deny passports to laborers wishing to come tot he united States.
"Gentlemen's Agreement"; Japan
phrase that came to mean no chance at all
"a Chinaman's chance"
Some Americans, fearing that cheap Chinese labor would undermine white workers, agitated and rioted against what they called the ___.
"yellow peril"
Every immigrant over ___ years of age who could not pass the ___ was turned back.
16; literacy test
When was the U.S. an agrarian nation?
1800s
In the ___ and ___ the first great wave of immigration-- a wave that placed nearly a million poverty-stricken ___ on America's shores-- heightened hostility toward foreigners. The ___ took place during this time in Ireland.
1830s; 1840sl Irish; potato famine
When was the Chinese Exclusion Act passed?
1882
About ___ percent of all immigrants arrived in New York City.
75
invented the telephone
Alexander Graham Bell
authorized the expulsion of foreigners considered a threat to the peace and safety of the United States
Alien and Sedition Act
Pennsylvania Railroad hired ___ when he was ___.
Andrew Carnegie; 17
Irish religion
Catholic
Strikes plagued this mining region of Idaho during the 1890s.
Coeur d'Alene
List the Captains of Industry
Cornelius Vanderbilt, J.P. Morgan, John D. Rockefeller Sr., Andrew Carnegie
In 1877 ___, an ___ immigrant, organized the Workingman's Party, which pledged to "rid the country of cheap Chinese labor...by all means in our power."
Dennis Kearney; Irish
When was the U.S. a global industrial leader?
Early 1900s
The___ limited the number of immigrants entering the United States in any one year to ___ percent of the size of each nationality group that had been living in the U.S. in 1910.
Emergency Quota Act; 3
The ___ barred immigration from India, Indochina, Afghanistan, Arabia, the East Indies, and other small Asian countries.
Immigration Act (of 1917)
led march of about 500 people from Ohio to Washington, D.C., to dramatic plight of the jobless
Jacob S. Coxey
Who coined the term the Gilded Age?
Mark Twain in his novel
"the most dangerous woman in America"
Mary Harris Jones
secret patriotic society in the 1850s with antiforeign feelings
Order of the Star-Spangled Banner
the Grange aka
Patrons of Husbandry
___: In 1894 ___, the founder of the new American Railway Union, led a labor action against the ___ sleeping car works near Chicago.
Pullman Strike; Eugene V. Debs; Pullman
Cornelius Vanderbilt (3)
Railroad Empire; bought out railroads; one of wealthiest men in U.S.
T/F Some Americans pictured the Irish as agents sent by the Pope to subvert American society.
T
Less reform-minded group that replaced the Knights of Labor as the leasing union; led by ___; concentrated on organizing ___ workers
The American Federation of Labor; Samuel Gompers; skilled
Public outcry against labor organizers that helped employers defeat the 8-hour workday reform.
The Haymarket Riot
The steelworkers' union called a strike when the Carnegie Steel Company reduced wages; failed when most workers quit the union and returned to work
The Homestead Strike
first national labor union to remain active for more than a few years; accepted all gainfully employed persons, including farmers, merchants, and unskilled workers
The Knights of Labor
Populist leader tried to form an alliance of poor white an African American farmers. However, became embittered by defeats.
Thomas Watson
Chinese immigrants arrived on the ___ Coast.
West
Angel Island had temporary...
barracks
What part of the U.S. did cattle grazing take place?
drier western lands
Members of the Order of the Star-Spangled Banner pledged to guard the rights of native Americans against all foreigners to ___. They were known as the Know-Nothins because, when asked about their aims, they replied, "I know nothing."
fight Roman Catholicism
Native American children were sent to these kinds of schools.
government boarding schools
order to end a strike
injunction
injunction
order to end a strike
union
organization for mutual benefit
After 1880, immigrants to the United States came primarily from ___ and ___, rather than northern ___.
southern; eastern; Europe
The Chinese Exclusion Act ___ of all Chinese for a period ___ years and forbade naturalization of Chinese.
suspended immigration; 10
The Chinese were willing to ___.
work long hours for low wages
strike
work stoppage
What tactic did John D. Rockefeller Sr. use?
"sell or parish"
Rockefeller often declared that the whole purpose of Standard Oil was to supply...
"the poor man's light"
*Many unions supported "Americanism"
*
*The construction of railroads provided employment to thousands of workers.
*
*literacy test
*
At age ___, this person started work in a telegraph office as a messenger and then quickly rose to the position of telegraph operator.
14; Andrew Carnegie
How many acres of public land did the Homestead Act award?
160
What percent of Americans have ancestors that came thorough Ellis Island?
40
Under the Homestead Act of 1862, how many years did a settler have to farm their land to be awarded 160 acres of free public land?
5
What fraction of people that entered Ellis Island were allowed in the U.S.?
5/6
After J.P. Morgan bought the United Steel Co., it controlled what percent of U.S. steel production (had a monopoly)?
60
What percent of U.S. oil did the Standard Oil Co. monopoly control?
90
1/3 of cowhands were from what race?
African American or Hispanic American
Which Captain of Industry grew up poor and became a "self-made" man?
Andrew Carnegie
Who's company did J.P. Morgan buy & what did he achieve through that company?
Andrew Carnegie's steel company; formed the first billion dollar company
Match these terms with the correct Captains of Industry: steel, oil, railroad, bank
Andrew Carnegie, John D. Rockefeller Sr., Cornelius Vanderbilt, J.P. Morgan
The Melting Pot
Assimilation and the process of "Americanization"; stew, simmer, ingredients dissolve, indistinguishable, need all ingredients
J.P. Morgan (5)
Banking Empire; Financed loans to Carnegie's Steel Co. and Rockefeller's Standard Oil Co.; Bought Andrew Carnegie's steel company and formed the first billion dollar company; United Steel Co. controlled 60% of U.S. steel production (had a monopoly); one of the wealthiest men in the U.S.
Andrew Carnegie (7)
Carnegie Steel Co.; grew up poor; "self-made" man; mass produced cheap and efficient steel raise for railroad tracks; wanted to help people but they had to show initiative; later gave away most of his money; "The man who dies rich, dies disgraced."
J.P. Morgan financed loans to which companies?
Carnegie's Steel Co. and Rockefeller's Standard Oil Co.
What was the first immigration station in the U.S.?
Castle Garden
Most people on Angel Island were...
Chinese
President ___'s seeming indifference to the economic problems caused by the depression created a popular revolt.
Cleveland
Who bought out railroads?
Cornelius Vanderbilt
Who created the railroad empire?
Cornelius Vanderbilt
Which two Captains of Industry were among the wealthiest men in the U.S.?
Cornelius Vanderbilt and J.P. Morgan
Continued attempt to break down Native American loyalty to their own nations. Decreed that parcels of land be given not o nations but to individuals.
Dawes Severalty Act (of 1887)
What part of the U.S. had enough rain =fall to cultivate grain crops?
Eastern high-grass praise of the Great Plains
___'s five-and-ten-cent stores
F.W. Woolworth
groups formed in the 1880s when farmers stepped up their political activism
Farmers' Alliances
Why didn't the government protect workers?
Governments tend to be reactive rather than proactive. (Politicians reflect the mood of the time by reacting to what will give them votes. They react to public support. At this time, the Captains of Industry were so powerful that they could bribe governments.)
invented the refrigerated railroad car
Gustavus Swift
awarded 160 acres of public land free to any settler who would farm the land for at least 5 years
Homestead Act (of 1862)
Who created the baking empire?
J.P. Morgan
Although ___, the Populist candidate for President, soundly lost to Democrat Grover Cleveland in the election for 1892, his party made headway.
James Weaver
Which Captains of Industry were philanthropists? Who became a philanthropist later in his life?
John D. Rockefeller Sr. and Andrew Carnegie; John D. Rockefeller Sr.
introduced fixed prices and window displays to entice customers
John Wanamaker
Revolution that came up with system for overseeing operations of huge railroad businesses
Managerial Revolution
___ Havesting Machine Company
McCormick
Who said this? "When we first had all this land we were strong; now we are all melting like snow on the hillside, while you are growing like spring grass."
Oglala Sioux leader Red Cloud
Government gave away almost 2 million acres of land it had purchased from evicted Creek and Seminole. Although the land was free, the settlers would have to homestead, or settle on the land, for a number of years before they could own it.
Oklahoma Rush
Federal gov't proposed that railroad lines should cross the entire United States. They passed the...
Pacific Railroad Act
paper immigrant
Pretend that you have family already living in U.S.
Gilded Age: Captains of Industry =
Robber Barrons
Two food-related terms that describe diversity of U.S.
Salad Bowl & The Melting Pot
What is the theory that describes survival of the fittest within society? Who came up with it?
Social Darwinism; Herbert Spencer
John D. Rockefeller Sr. (7)
Standard Oil Co.; "sell or parish" tactics; father was snake oil salesman; Made deals with railroad companies to lower shipping costs for his Standard Oil Co.; Standard Oil Co. monopoly controlled almost 90% of U.S. oil.; gave away much of this money later in life for education, religion, and health care; was richest man in the world for period of time
Shallow era in which the wealthy showed off their wealth
The Gilded Age
What is Chapter 7's title?
The Rise of Industrialization, Big Business, and Immigration
This person promised to produce "a minor invention every ten days and a big thing every six months or so." He is most famous for inventing the...
Thomas Alva Edison; incandescent lightbulb
The Pacific Railroad Act authorized the ___ to lay track westward from a point near Omaha, Nebraska, while the ___ laid track eastward from Sacramento. The lines were to meet in ___.
Union Pacific Railroad; Central Pacific Railroad; Utah
Who fought for the rights of workers?
Unions in the late 1800s
What was Angel Island?
West Coast immigration and processing center
merger
a combining of several competing firms under a single head
What was John D. Rockefeller Sr.'s father?
a snake oil salesman
Rockefeller often paid ___ wages to his employees.
above-average
What kind of nation was the U.S. in the 1800s?
agrarian
Whenever there is a large group of people there will be a...
backlash
The Salad Bowl
boring salad --> yummy salad; bring your culture and hold on to your culture; components still hold on
What kind of steel rails did Andrew Carnegie mass produce for railroad tracks?
cheap and efficient
What was so significant about the transcontinental railroad?
connected the eastern and western ends of the U.S.
a person employed to tend or ranch cattle
cowhand
What did John D. Rockefeller Sr. give away much of his $ for later in his life?
education, religion, and health care
4 effects Civil War had on industrialism
food, mass production of equipment, uniforms, weapons,
trusts
giant corporations
U.S. in the early 1900s
global industrial leader
In the early 20th century, most unions did not include...They were for...
immigrants, African Americans, or women; "skilled" workers or white men
John D. Rockefeller lived in an age when owners of industries operated without much interference from government. Even the ___ did not exist.
income tax
Andrew Carnegie wanted to help people if they showed what?
initiative
vertical integration
joining all areas of one business
horizontal integration
joining competing businesses in one area
In California the gold discovered under the ground proved (less/more) valuable than the ground itself.
less
The use of ___, ___, and ___ during war time inspired entrepreneurs during peace time and led to an era of ___ and ___.
mass production; industrialization; modern transportation; Big Business; consumerism
a combining of several competing firms under a single head
merger
Nativism
native born vs. foreign born
growth of a "___" class led humorist Mark Twain to call the late 180s the Gilded Age
nouveau rich
Gilded Age: gap between...
rich and poor
define robber barrons
ruthless businessmen whose wealth was created by the exploitation of workers
John D. Rockefeller built an oil monopoly by ___.
ruthlessly eliminating most of his competitors.
To give Standard Oil an edge over its competitors, Rockefeller...
secretly arranged for discounted shipping rates from railroads.
homestead
settle on land
After periods of turmoil, people search for...
stability, prosperity, and "normalcy"
housing for the poor, close to factories
tenements
Patrons of Husbandry aka
the Grange
industrialism
the movement from agriculture to manufacturing as the main source of economic growth
national market
the nationwide economic system made possible by the transportation network in the United States
Why did John D. Rockefeller Sr. make deals with railroad companies?
to lower shipping costs for his Standard Oil Co.
A railway completed in 1869, connecting the eastern and western ends of the United States
transcontinental railroad
