Chapter 7 Weathering, Erosion, and Soil
Barrier islands, which form from offshore sand deposits, can continue to be built up from sediments and form sandbars.
False
The Nile Delta was formed from ocean waves and currents.
False
Unlike water, glaciers do not move material over a long distance.
False
Winds cannot blow against the force of gravity.
False
Erode by scraping, gouging, and picking up large rocks and debris piles.
Glaciers
The force that tends to pull all materials downhill
Gravity
Coastal areas undergo erosion by ____ and wind.
Ocean Waves
The reaction below is an example of which of the following process? 2FeO4 + 1/2O2 - 3Fe2O3
Oxidation
Soil is located above its parent material is known as
Residual soil
any one of various types of soil that can support a forest, grassland, prairie, or other environments.
Temperature soils
How does slope affect the rate of weathering?
The larger the slope the greater weathering
How is surface area related to weathering?
The more surface area the more weathering occurs
Soil that has been moved away from its parent bedrock
Transported soil
The removal and transport of weathered materials from one location to another is called erosion.
True
The repeated thawing and freezing of water in the cracks of rocks is called frost wedging.
True
Waves, tides, and currents are responsible for erosion of islands.
True
Weathering is the process by which rocks on or near Earth's surface break down and change.
True
A major erosion agent in areas which limited precipitation and high temperatures.
Wind
In which of the following climates would physical weathering most readily occur?
dry and cool
The process by which outer layers of rock are stripped away is called
exfoliation
Large amounts of carbonic acid are found in
the soil
What climate conditions promote chemical weathering?
Warm temperatures
Which of the following factors does not exert pressure on rocks that leads to physical weathering?
carbonic acid
Soils found in areas with less than 25 cm of rainfall that often have high accumulation of salts are
desert soil
The relative proportions of particle sizes make up a soil's
texture
Water, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and acids are significant agents of mechanical weathering.
False chemical
The chemical reaction of carbon dioxide with other substances is called oxidation.
False oxygen
Hydrolysis occurs in the decomposition of iron ore.
False silicate materials
Soil __ is the measure of how well a soil can support the growth of plants.
Fertility
Wind barriers are trees and other vegetation planted perpendicular to the wind direction.
True
Wind is a major erosion agent in areas on Earths that have both limited precipitation and high temperatures.
True
Soils formed at high latitudes and high elevations that have good drainage but no distinct horizons are classified as
polar soils
Give two examples of how plants and animals move Earth's surface materials from one place to another as they carry on their life processes.
Animals dig holes to live in and plants can grow into the cracks of rocks.
The final stage of the erosion process in which materials are dropped in another location
Deposition
The movement of soil and other Earth materials by humans as they build highways and bridges, is not considered erosion.
False
Wind can always move more material than water.
False
Acid precipitation has a pH value above 5.6.
False below
Describe the formation of barrier islands.
Form when the constant movement of water wears away shorelines.
Explain rill erosion and how it differs from gully erosion.
Rill erosion is the erosion by running water in small channels and gully erosion forms when a channel becomes deep and wide.
What rock type is most easily weathered?why?
Sedimentary rocks because it contains calcite
The steeper the ___ the greater the potential for flowing water to erode earth materials.
Slope
The loose covering of weathered rock particles and decaying organic matter overlying the bedrock of Earth's surface.
Soil
A U-shaped valley indicate that glacial erosion has taken place.
True
The constant movement of water and the availability of accumulated weathered material creates continuous erosion.
True
The continued erosion of rill channels can develop into gully erosion.
True
Weathering must take place before erosion.
True
When a river enters a large body of water, the water generally slows down and deposits large amounts of sediments.
True
Buildings and monuments that are made of limestone are greatly damaged by
acid precipitation
The pH scale is used to measurement which of the following?
acidity
A distant layer, or zone, located within a soil profile is
soil horizon
When heavy machinery digs out soil in the process of building a road, a vertical sequence layers of soil
soil profile
Soil forms as a result of
tropical soils
