Chapter 7 Weathering, Erosion, and Soil

Give two examples of how plants and animals move Earth's surface materials from one place to another as they carry on their life processes.

Animals dig holes to live in and plants can grow into the cracks of rocks.

The final stage of the erosion process in which materials are dropped in another location

Deposition

Barrier islands, which form from offshore sand deposits, can continue to be built up from sediments and form sandbars.

False

The Nile Delta was formed from ocean waves and currents.

False

The movement of soil and other Earth materials by humans as they build highways and bridges, is not considered erosion.

False

Unlike water, glaciers do not move material over a long distance.

False

Wind can always move more material than water.

False

Winds cannot blow against the force of gravity.

False

Acid precipitation has a pH value above 5.6.

False below

Water, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and acids are significant agents of mechanical weathering.

False chemical

The chemical reaction of carbon dioxide with other substances is called oxidation.

False oxygen

Hydrolysis occurs in the decomposition of iron ore.

False silicate materials

Soil __ is the measure of how well a soil can support the growth of plants.

Fertility

Describe the formation of barrier islands.

Form when the constant movement of water wears away shorelines.

Erode by scraping, gouging, and picking up large rocks and debris piles.

Glaciers

The force that tends to pull all materials downhill

Gravity

Coastal areas undergo erosion by ____ and wind.

Ocean Waves

The reaction below is an example of which of the following process? 2FeO4 + 1/2O2 - 3Fe2O3

Oxidation

Soil is located above its parent material is known as

Residual soil

Explain rill erosion and how it differs from gully erosion.

Rill erosion is the erosion by running water in small channels and gully erosion forms when a channel becomes deep and wide.

What rock type is most easily weathered?why?

Sedimentary rocks because it contains calcite

The steeper the ___ the greater the potential for flowing water to erode earth materials.

Slope

The loose covering of weathered rock particles and decaying organic matter overlying the bedrock of Earth's surface.

Soil

any one of various types of soil that can support a forest, grassland, prairie, or other environments.

Temperature soils

How does slope affect the rate of weathering?

The larger the slope the greater weathering

How is surface area related to weathering?

The more surface area the more weathering occurs

Soil that has been moved away from its parent bedrock

Transported soil

A U-shaped valley indicate that glacial erosion has taken place.

True

The constant movement of water and the availability of accumulated weathered material creates continuous erosion.

True

The continued erosion of rill channels can develop into gully erosion.

True

The removal and transport of weathered materials from one location to another is called erosion.

True

The repeated thawing and freezing of water in the cracks of rocks is called frost wedging.

True

Waves, tides, and currents are responsible for erosion of islands.

True

Weathering is the process by which rocks on or near Earth's surface break down and change.

True

Weathering must take place before erosion.

True

When a river enters a large body of water, the water generally slows down and deposits large amounts of sediments.

True

Wind barriers are trees and other vegetation planted perpendicular to the wind direction.

True

Wind is a major erosion agent in areas on Earths that have both limited precipitation and high temperatures.

True

What climate conditions promote chemical weathering?

Warm temperatures

A major erosion agent in areas which limited precipitation and high temperatures.

Wind

Buildings and monuments that are made of limestone are greatly damaged by

acid precipitation

The pH scale is used to measurement which of the following?

acidity

Which of the following factors does not exert pressure on rocks that leads to physical weathering?

carbonic acid

Soils found in areas with less than 25 cm of rainfall that often have high accumulation of salts are

desert soil

In which of the following climates would physical weathering most readily occur?

dry and cool

The process by which outer layers of rock are stripped away is called

exfoliation

Soils formed at high latitudes and high elevations that have good drainage but no distinct horizons are classified as

polar soils

A distant layer, or zone, located within a soil profile is

soil horizon

When heavy machinery digs out soil in the process of building a road, a vertical sequence layers of soil

soil profile

The relative proportions of particle sizes make up a soil's

texture

Large amounts of carbonic acid are found in

the soil

Soil forms as a result of

tropical soils