Chapter 7&8 Psychology Test
Which of the following describes inductive thought?
drawing conclusions by proceeding from specific information to general principles.
Which of the following is a term for basic speech sounds?
phonemes
An image formulated from sensory input from the muscles is defined as being _______.
kinesthetic
Where would the memory of how to ride a bike be stored?
declarative memory
Hearing an old song that triggers a memory, which in turn triggers further associated memories, is an example of ________.
redintegration
In the context of problem solving, understanding _____.
refers to a deeper comprehension of the problem
Which of the following describes a concept?
A thought that represents a type of object or event
Which of the following refers to quick and relatively effortless thinking based on experience with similar problems?
Automatic processing
After playing the saxophone for years, Collin wanted to focus on a different sound, so he bought a clarinet. Which statement describes Collin's likely experience in making this change?
Collin learned to play the clarinet quickly due to positive transfer.
Which of the following best describes suppression?
Consciously keeping memories from awareness.
Which of the following describes deductive thought?
Drawing conclusions by proceeding from general principles to specific situations
A basic unit of thought is defined as a ______.
concept
The process of planning how to study for a lest involves deliberate concentration and engagement in _____.
reflective processing
To determine the number of items in your grocery cart, you likely have to deliberately concentrate and engage in ________.
reflective processing
A person who relies on insight to solve a problem would _____.
reorganize the problem to see it in new ways
The lack of appropriate cues can lead to forgetting as a result of ________ failure.
retrieval
Which of the following is an example of a perceptual barrier that hinders problem-solving?
A beginning composer concentrates on using harmonious notes in a melody without seeing that dissonant notes can also be a part of a music piece
Which of the following is an example of a cultural barrier to problem salving?
A boss at a produce farm wants to improve employee handwashing but becomes confused when employees offer unrealistic solutions as they goof around while brainstorming
Which of the following is an example of an emotional barrier to problem solving?
A fashion designer doesn't try an *outside the box* design due to fearing that other fashion designers will think it is silly
In the context of problem-solving, which of the following best describes fixation?
Repeating wrong solutions by not considering alternatives
Which of the following is a consequence of two-way bilingual education?
Minority-language speakers perform better than single-language students in general academic abilities.
Which term defines the ability to retain a "projected" mental picture long enough to use it as a source of information?
eidetic imagery
Which of the following plays a key role in transferring information from short-term memory to long-term memory?
the hippocampus
Thinking that is more or less unconscious automatic, and effortless is called ______.
experiential processing
When you look at a selfie of a person on your phone and determine if he or she is surprised or fearful, you engage in _______.
experiential processing
Which of the following defines a set of rules for making sounds into words and words into sentences?
grammar
The connotation of a word can vary based on _____.
the situation in which it is used, more commonly known as the context
Which term defines the feeling that a memory is available but not quite retrievable?
tip of the tongue state
Which of the following best describes the process of encoding?
transforming information for retention in memory.
Which of the following best reflects a random search strategy to solving a problem?
trial-and-error
The fact that we can "zoom in" and "rotate" mental images demonstrates that they are primarily
visual
The connotative meaning of a word is _____.
what a word means to an individual based on his or her experience.
Which of the following is best supported by Ebbinghaus' research on forgetting?
It shows that forgetting is rapid at first and is followed by a slow decline.
Which of the following describes mental images?
Picture-like internal representations of thoughts
Which of the following describes semantics?
The study of meaning in words and language
What is the defining characteristic of the various types of amnesia?
Timing of the affected information.
Being instructed in English exclusively and then learning a second language is known as _____.
additive bilingualism
Telling a friend about the time you went hang gliding in the Alps would be classified as a?
explicit, episodic
The idea that the words people use both reflect and influence their thoughts is called the _____.
linguistic relativity hypothesis
A person "remembers" going to a concert with John years ago. In reality, the person went lo the concert with Ronnie, but lived on the same dorm floor as John. This is an example of ________.
source confusion
Children who speak a different language at home than the one they are taught at school tend to fall behind educationally. This phenomenon is called _____.
subtractive bilingualism
Which of the following accurately represents the relationship between problem-solving and culture?
Every culture prepares its members to solve some problems more easily than others.
Which of the following best describes explicit memory?
Stored information that is consciously retrieved.
Which one of the following best describes the concept of logical thought?
Using given information and explicit rules to reach new conclusions
Which of the following best describes the concept of language?
Words or symbols and the rules for combining them
What enables information to move from sensory memory into short-term memory?
attention
A social stereotype refers to________.
describing groups or types of people in simplistic terms
Which of the following lies at the core of flashbulb memories?
emotion
Priya has been playing high-level tennis for years. At her company picnic, the first time she ever played so softball, Priya tried to swing the bat one-handed like a tennis racquet. Which of the following best describes the cause of Priya's behavior at the softball game?
negative transfer
The concept of disuse is closely associated with which aspect of memory?
retrieval
In which types of memory does information have the briefest life span?
sensory memory
