Chapter 8

Hierarchy

A system in which one persons is at the top of the organization and there is a ranked or sequential ordering from the top down of managers who are responsible to that person.

Virtual Corporation

A temporary networked organization made up of replaceable firm that joins and leave as needed.

Flat Organizations Structures

An Organizations Structure thats has few layers of management and a broad span of control.

Decentralized Authority

An organization structure in which decision-making authority is delegated to lower-level managers more familiar with local conditions than headquarters management could be.

Centralized Authority

An organization structure in which decision-making authority is maintained at the tops level of management.

Line Organization

An organization that has direct two-way lines of responsibility, authority, and communication running from the top to the bottom of the organization, with all people reporting to only one supervisor.

Bureaucracy

An organization with many layers of managers who set rules and regulations and oversee all decisions

Tall Organization Structure

An organizational structure in which the pyramidal organization chart would be quite tall because of the various levels of management.

Matrix Organization

An organizations I which specialists from different parts of the organization are brought together to work on specific projects but still remain part of a line-and - staff structure.

Inverted Organization

An organizations that has contract people at the top and the chief executive officer at the bottom of the organization chart .

Benchmarking

Comparing an organization's practices, processes, and products against the world's best.

Staff Personal

Employees who advise and assist line personnel in meeting their goals.

Line Personnel

Employees who are part of the chain of command that is responsible for achieving organizational goals.

Cross-Functional Self-Managed Teams

Groups of employees from different departments who work together on a long-term basis.

Restructuring

Redesigning an organization so that it can more effectively and efficiently serve its customers.

Chain Of Command

The Line of authority that moves from the top of a hierarchy to the lowest level.

Departmentalization

The dividing of organizational functions into separate unit.

Span Of Control

The optimal number of subordinates a manager supervises or should supervise.

Real Time

The present moment or the actual time in which something takes place.

Economies Of Scale

The situation in which companies can reduce their production costs if they can purchase raw materials in bulk;the average cost of goods goes down as production levels increase

Formal Organization

The structure that details lines of responsibility, authority, and position; that is, the structure shown on organization charts.

Informal organizations

The system that develop spontaneously as employees meet and form cliques, relationships , and lines of authority outside the formal organization.

Core Competencies

Those functions that the organizations can do as well as or better than any other organization in the world.

Networking

Using communications technology and other means to link organizations and allow them to work together on common objectives.

Organizational ( or corporate) culture

Widely shared values within an organization that provide unity and cooperation to achieve common goals.

Digital Natives

Young people who have grown up using the internet and social networking.