CHAPTER 8

(TRUE/FALSE) : A fungus eats a grape high in glucose content.

TRUE

(TRUE/FALSE) : Fermentation is a less efficient energy producer than aerobic respiration

TRUE

(TRUE/FALSE) : Glycolysis occurs in all cells

TRUE

(TRUE/FALSE) : In fermentation, the molecules that are used as final electron acceptors differ from those used when glycolysis occurs in the presence of oxygen

TRUE

(TRUE/FALSE) : In glycolysis, one molecule of glucose contain six carbons.

TRUE

(TRUE/FALSE) : The conversion of glucose into CO2 + H2O runs in many steps to capture energy in our cells.

TRUE

(TRUE/FALSE) : The electron transport chain in eukaryotic mitochondria results in a differential proton concentration across the inner mitochondrial membrane.

TRUE

(TRUE/FALSE) : The electron transport chain in eukaryotic mitochondria results in the production of ATP

TRUE

(TRUE/FALSE) : The electron transport chain in eukaryotic mitochondria results in the usage of NADH

TRUE

(TRUE/FALSE): Aerobic respiration is an efficient process that captures approximately 35% of the energy in glucose

TRUE

(TRUE/FALSE): All energy transfers are imperfect, meaning that some of that energy is lost as wasted heat

TRUE

(TRUE/FALSE): Anaerobic respiration is a process that captures approximately 5% of the energy in glucose

TRUE

(TRUE/FALSE): Energy can be transferred into different forms

TRUE

(TRUE/FALSE): When cells do physical activity, ATP must be converted to ADP.

TRUE

(True/False): If a cell "runs out of energy", then all the energy we had stored in ATP has been converted to kinetic (motion) energy

TRUE

What is NADH?

Temporary energy storage system that is only used to create ATP

What 2 molecules do the reaction of glycolysis yields?

Two molecules of ATP and two molecules of NADH

What is Fermentation?

When oxygen is NOT present in anaerobic cellular respiration and cells make EITHER lactic acid or alcohol.

Does the Electron Transport Chain require oxygen?

Yes

Does the Kreb's Cycle require oxygen?

Yes

Is fermentation utilizes the electrons generated in the glycolytic breakdown of glucose?

Yes

Do organisms that use aerobic respiration need to inhale and exhale?Why?

Yes, Cellular respiration requires oxygen and releases CO2

Where does the reaction of ATP that is converted into ADP occur?

in all the cells in your body

Fermentation reactions generally occur under conditions of what?

low oxygen concentrations

Where does the generation of ATP by the movement of protons down their concentration gradient occurs in?

mitochondria

Give examples of cells physical activity.

voluntary movements, exercising

Is Electron Transport Chain referred to as aerobic or anaerobic?

Aerobic

Is Kreb's Cycle referred to as aerobic or anaerobic?

Aerobic

Which is preferred method to obtain energy? (aerobic respiration or anaerobic respiration)

Aerobic respiration

Is Fermentation referred to as aerobic or anaerobic?

Anaerobic

Is glycolysis referred to as aerobic or anaerobic?

Anaerobic

What is Acetyl-CoA?

Attached to pyruvate to start the Kreb's cycle

What is the function of NADH?

Rechargeable energy storage molecule used to make ATP

What are the 3 advantages to using anaerobic respiration, like fermentation, over aerobic respiration?

1. It produces energy more quickly 2. It does not require oxygen so organisms that only utilize fermentation can survive in oxygen-free environments 3. It produces more energy but more slowly

What is the reaction to produced Kreb's Cycle molecules?

2 ATP + 2 CO2 + 6 NADH + 2 FADH2

What is the reaction to produced glycolysis molecules?

2 Pyruvate + 2 ATP + 2 NADH

What is Pyruvate?

3 carbon sugar produced when glucose is split during glycolysis

From 1 molecule of glucose how many ATP does anaerobic respiration yields?

3 to 4 ATP, depending on the tissue and organism

What is the reaction to produced Electron Transport Chain molecules?

34 ATP

From 1 molecule of glucose how many ATP does aerobic respiration yields?

34 to 38 ATP, depending on the tissue and organism

What is the energy currency of the cell?

ATP

What product of the Kreb's cycle has the most useful energy that was originally found in the glucose?

ATP

What type of molecules do the mitochondria convert glucose into so that the cell can use that same energy for later?

ATP

What is the Cellular Respiration Chemical Equation?

C6H12O2 + 6O2 ------> 6CO2 + 6H20 + Energy

What is the chemical formula for glucose?

C6H12O6

What is the main reaction our cells use to process the energy from the glucose?

C6H12O6 + O2 → CO2 + H2O + ENERGY

What is Cellular Respiration?

Cell process where the energy in glucose is converted to ATP.

What is anaerobic respiration?

Cellular respiration that uses glycolysis, the Kreb's cycle, and the electron transport system.

Where in the cell does the fermentation occurs?

Cytosol

Where in the cell does the glycolysis occurs?

Cytosol

Which cellular respiration stage produces the most ATP?

Electron Transport Chain

In the picture, what is labelled as Arrow 2?

Energy Released

In the picture, what is labelled as Arrow 1?

Energy Stored

(TRUE/FALSE) : During the Krebs cycle cellular respiration can continue even in the absence of oxygen.

FALSE

(TRUE/FALSE) : During the Krebs cycle high-energy electron carriers pass their energy to molecules of sugar which store them as potential energy.

FALSE

(TRUE/FALSE) : During the Krebs cycle the products of glycolysis are completely converted into ATP

FALSE

(TRUE/FALSE) : During the Krebs cycle the products of glycolysis are further broken down, generating additional ATP and the high-energy electron carrier NADH.

FALSE

(TRUE/FALSE) : Fermentation is an aerobic process

FALSE

(TRUE/FALSE) : Glycolysis completely oxidizes glucose to carbon dioxide

FALSE

(TRUE/FALSE) : Glycolysis is also referred to as the Krebs cycle

FALSE

(TRUE/FALSE) : Glycolysis is not performed in plants, which get their energy solely through photosynthesis

FALSE

(TRUE/FALSE) : Glycolysis is performed solely on the glucose ingested by the organism

FALSE

(TRUE/FALSE) : Our cells can use aerobic respiration ONLY.

FALSE

(TRUE/FALSE) : The electron transport chain in eukaryotic mitochondria results in the breakdown of glycogen to glucose.

FALSE

(TRUE/FALSE) : When cells use energy, they create energy.

FALSE

(True/False) Mitochondria MAKE energy

FALSE

What is the Electron Transport Chain?

Final step of aerobic respiration that converts all the energy from NADH and FADH2 into ATP.

What is Glycolysis?

First stage of anaerobic AND anaerobic cellular respiration. Breaks glucose down into two pyruvates molecules making 2 ATP.

List the 3 steps used to get the energy from the food.

First, remove the stored energy from glucose. Second, convert our consumed food into glucose. Lastly, convert that newly available energy into ATP

What is the starting carbon molecule of glycolysis?

Glucose

What is cellular respiration?

It is the process that produces ATP from the glucose

What is the function of ATP?

It is the universal rechargeable energy storage molecule

What happens when you convert CO2 + H2O?

It releases a lot of energy

These are the processes occurring in the Mitochondria

Krebs Cycle and Electron Transport Chain

What is the reaction to produced Fermentation molecules?

Lactic Acid + 2 ATP

Where in the cell does the Electron Transport Chain occur?

Mitochondria

Where in the cell does the Kreb's cycle occurs?

Mitochondria

Does Aerobic Respiration use oxygen?

No

Does the fermentation require oxygen?

No

Does the glycolysis require oxygen?

No

What happens when ATP is hydrolyzed to ADP?

One phosphate is removed

What is the Mitochondria?

Organelle found in all organisms that is the site of aerobic cellular respiration

Where do the energy is stored in ATP?

Phosphates

What is Cytosol?

Place where cells perform glycolysis

One molecule of glucose containing six carbons is converted to two molecules of what?

Pyruvate

What is the end carbon product of glycolysis?

Pyruvate

Describe Kreb's cycle?

Pyruvate is broken apart, carbon by carbon, releasing CO2 and producing NADH, FADH2, and ATP.

What is the function of FADH2?

Rechargeable energy storage molecule used to make ATP

What is Matrix?

The inner space of the mitochondria where the Kreb's cycle occurs.

What do you call: Glucose plus oxygen yields carbon dioxide, water and ATP

The main reaction cells use to process energy from glucose

What is Lactic Acid?

The product of fermentation that causes your muscles to feel sore

What is ADP?

The uncharged form of ATP

What is ATP?

This energy molecule is made in all three stages of cellular respiration and is our universal rechargeable battery.

What is CO2?

This gas is produced during the Kreb's cycle as the pyruvate is broken down.

What is the function of mitochondria?

convert it

What energy-generating processes is the only one that occurs in all living organisms?

glycolysis