Chapter 8: Articulations
What best describes the structure of a synovial joint?
A fluid-filled cavity is found between the articulating bones.
Which type of angular movement moves a body part away from the midline of the body or another reference point?
Abduction
A joint that allows only a small amount of movement is called a(n) __________.
Amphiarthrosis Examples include symphyses and syndesmoses.
_______________is inflammation of the joint.
Arthritis
What do ligaments connect together?
Bones
A freely moveable joint is classified as a __________.
Diarthrosis A diarthrosis allows a wide variety of specific movements but not as much stability as less moveable joints.
What is the movement called where the toes and arch of the foot are lifted from the ground, but the heel is firmly planted?
Dorsiflexion In dorsiflexion, the angle between the foot and the tibia decreases. In other words, the toes are pulled up.
Which of the following components is NOT part of a synovial joint?
Epiphyseal plate cartilage A synovial joint contains articular cartilage, but not epiphyseal plate cartilage as a main component.
In the knee joint, the medial meniscus is:
Fibrocartilage
What is the movement called where an arm is extended and then is bent back towards the body?
Flexion Flexion is an angular movement that decreases the angle between the articulating bones by bringing the two bones closer together.
Which specific feature of the humerus articulates with the scapula?
Head The head of the humerus articulates with the glenoid fossa of the scapula.
Classify the elbow, which is structured with the convex surface of one bone fitting into the concave depression of another bone.
Hinge joint
The elbow joint is an example of a __________.
Hinge joint Other examples of hinge joints include the knee and the interphalangeal joints of the fingers and toes.
A football player received the bad news that he tore his anterior cruciate ligament. What does this mean for the range of motion of his knee?
His knee will exhibit more extension and hyperextension by shifting the tibia too far anteriorly on the femur. The anterior cruciate ligament runs from an anterior insertion site on the tibia to the posterior aspect of the femur. When the knee is extended, this ligament is pulled taut to prevent hyperextension. The injured ligament would permit an increase in the amount of extension or hyperextension, allowing the tibia to move too far anteriorly on the femur.
What are the two articulations present in the elbow joint?
Humeroulnar joint and the humeroradial joint
Synchondroses unite bones with ________ while symphyses unite bones with ________.
Hyaline cartilage; fibrocartilage
Where is a condylar joint found?
Metacarpophalangeal joints of fingers 2-5
Classify the shoulder joint.
Multiaxial (triaxial) joint
The hip joint is an example of a __________.
Multiaxial joint (ball-and-socket) The hip can flex and extend (axis 1), abduct and adduct (axis 2), and rotate and circumduct (axis 3).
Which key feature distinguishes a synovial joint from other joint types?
Presence of a joint cavity
Shaking your head as if to say "no" is a joint movement known as:
Rotation
The glenoid cavity is the socket of the __________.
Shoulder joint The glenoid cavity articulates with the head of the humerus to form the shoulder joint.
Which of the following is/are classified as fibrous joints?
Sutures, syndesmoses, and gomphoses
Functionally, how are cartilaginous joints classified?
Synarthroses or amphiarthroses
The most moveable fibrous joints are the __________.
Syndesmoses Syndesmoses are amphiarthroses. They allow a limited amount of movement in that the articulating bones are able to pivot around one another.
Which statement best describes tendon sheaths?
Tendon sheaths protect long tendons as they course over and around synovial joints.
The coxal joint is an articulation formed by:
The head of the femur and the acetabulum.
Define suture joint.
The suture joint is held together by very short collagen fibers that are part of dense regular collagenous connective tissue. This makes sutures very stable synarthroses and well suited for reinforcing the bones that protect the brain. This is an example of the Structure-Function Core Principle.
What type of joint allows motion around only one axis?
Uniaxial
The prefix ______________means "both."
amphi
A joint that is slightly movable is classified as a(n) _______________________ joint.
amphiarthrosis
The prefix ________________ means "joint."
arthr
The joint connecting the scapula and the humerus is an example of a:
ball-and-socket joint The shoulder joint between the humerus and the scapula is an example of a ball-and-socket joint. It is a multiaxial joint.
The shoulder and hip joints are similar because they are both:
ball-and-socket joints.
The prefix ________________ means "cartilage."
chondro
A(n)___________________ joint is found between the ribs and costal cartilages.
costochondral
The prefix ____________ means "together."
syn
A (n) _____________ joint is held together tightly and is immovable.
synarthrosis
