Chapter 8 Biology Questions

Place the mitotic events in the order that they occur.

1. Chromosomes condense and become visible 2. Nuclear envelope breaks up and spindle fibers attach to chromosomes. 3. Chromosomes align along the equator of the cell. 4. Sister chromatids separate. 5. Nuclear envelope reforms.

Place the following steps of DNA replication in the order in which they occur.

1. Helicase separates the two template strands of DNA. 2. Binding of proteins to the two template strands prevents them from rejoining. 3. Primase adds short stretches of RNA to the template DNA strand. 4. DNA polymerase adds DNA nucleotides to create the newly synthesized strand. 5. Enzymes replace the primers, and legase seal the gaps between the existing segments and new segments.

Match each organism with the correct number of chromosomes contained in that organisms body cell. 1. 6 Chromosomes 2. 24 Chromosomes 3. 46 Chromosomes 4. 78 Chromosomes 5. 104 Chromsomes

1. Mosquito 2. Rice 3. Humans 4. Dog 5. Carp

Match the parts of the chromosome with their description: 1. histone 2. centromere 3. chromatid 4. nucleosome

1. proteins in which DNA winds 2. place where two sister chromatids attach in a replicated chromosome. 3. replicated copy of a chromosome. 4. stretch of DNA wrapped around proteins; become tightly arrayed during chromatin condensation.

Because DNA polymerase can only add nucleotides to the _____ end of a growing strand, DNA replication on the lagging strand produces shorts pieces called _____.

3' ; Okazaki Fragments

What provides energy for the synthesis of nucleotides and the formation of covalent bonds in DNA synthesis?

ATP

Due to its proofreading accuracy, DNA polymerase incorporates an incorrect nucleotide only about one in _____ nucleotides.

Billion

Type of asexual reproduction seen in bacteria that replicates DNA and distributes other cell parts into new daughter cells

Binary Fission

What proteins prevent the two strands of DNA duplex from rejoining once they are unwound by helicase?

Binding Proteins

During cytokenisis in plants, the appearance of the _____ is the first sign of a new cell wall construction.

Cell plate

The two sister chromatids of a replicated chromosomes attach at a point called the ______.

Centromere

Structures that consist of proteins surrounding a pair of centrioles are called ______, which function to organized the proteins that move chromosomes during mitosis.

Centrosomes

A replicated chromosome consists of two attached copies called sister _____.

Chromatids

Eukaryotic chromosomes consist of _____, which is composed of uncondensed DNA and associated proteins.

Chromatin

A cell's genetic material is contained in one or more what?

Chromosomes

Select all the events that occur during prophase:

Chromosomes condense Mitotic spindle begins to form Centrosomes migrate to opposite poles

The first sign of cytokinesis in animal cells is the formation of the _____; in plants, the first sign of this process is the _____ forming a new cell wall.

Cleavage furrow; cell plate

The major function of nucleosomes is to _____ the DNA within the chromosome.

Compact

The process of reading a DNA strand and making a complementary DNA copy of that strand is called _____.

DNA replication

Cells in the G1 phase in interphase can enter a functioning but nondividing phase of the cell cycle called _____.

G0

Most cells in the human body at any given time are in the _____ phase of the cell cycle.

G0

In the _____ phase of the cell cycle, the cell grows, carries out its basic functions, and may enter a nondividing G0 phase.

G1 phase

Select the phases that occur within interphase

G2 G0 S G1

Which of the following occurs after the S phase but precedes mitosis?

G2 Phase

In order for a cell to divide, by mitosis or meiosis, it needs to first duplicate its entire ____________, which consists of all of its genetic material.

Genome

What enzyme unwinds DNA to separate the strands for DNA replication?

Helicase

During a section of the cell cycle collectively called _____, the cell is not dividing, but protein synthesis, cell growth, DNA replication, and basic cell functions are occurring.

Interphase

If the DNA in one human cell is 2 meters long, how does it fit into the nucleus of a cell?

It is wound around scaffolding proteins.

In DNA replication, gaps between newly synthesized segments of DNA and existing segments of DNA are sealed by enzymes called _____, which form covalent bonds between the two segments.

Ligases

The term ______________ refers to any change in a cell's DNA sequence.

Mutation

Units of chromatin called ______ consist of a stretch of DNA wrapped around eight histones.

Nucleosomes

A DNA molecule consists of two strands of _____ help together in a _____ structure.

Nucleotides, double helix

DNA replication is called semi-conservative because ...

One strand of a new DNA double helix is newly synthesized and the other strand is from the parent molecule.

Select the needs that must be balanced in a eukaryotic cell with a large amount of genetic material.

Packaging DNA so that it can be divided during cell division Allowing DNA to be accessible for cell functions

In _____ cell, the mitotic proteins are organized not at centrosomes but rather at many locations throughout the cell.

Plants

Due to the action of motor proteins, overlapping spindle fibers slide past one another during anaphase and push the _____ of the dividing cell apart.

Poles

What enzyme adds an RNA primer to the template strand of a DNA segment to be replicated?

Primase

During this phase of mitosis, the nuclear envelope breaks down.

Prometaphase

Place the phases of mitosis in the order in which they occur:

Prophase Prometaphase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase

Which of the following would you find in chromatin?

Proteins for replication and transcription Proteins for scaffolding DNA

In DNA replication, a(n) _____, which is made of RNA, needs to be added to the DNA template in order for DNA polymerase to add new DNA nucleotides.

RNA Primer

Binary fission in prokaryotes begins with the ...

Replication of the single chromosome.

During the _____ phase of interphase, DNA replication occurs.

S phase

The mitotic _______ consists of fibers that will grow outward toward the chromosomes during mitosis.

Spindle

During this phase of mitosis, the chromosomes begin to unwind and the nuclear envelope reforms.

Telophase

Which of the following describes the overall process of mitosis?

The type of of cell division that separates chromosomes and produces two daughter cells with identical nuclei.

After DNA replication, what happens to the nucleosomes in chromatin?

They fold and wind into a compact form.

Select the products of one cell undergoing mitotic cell division

Two daughter cells Identical genetic material organelles distributed to daughter cells

Select the characteristics of chromosomes in a cell that is preparing to divide:

Visible in the microscope and compact

In prokaryotes, DNA is contained in _____, and in eukaryotes, DNA is contained in _____.

a single, circular chromosome; multiple chromosomes

During prometaphase, spindle fibers attach proteins called _____ that assemble at each centromere of a chromosome.

kinetochores

Match the Following: Interphase --> Mitosis --> Cytokinesis -->

the time between cell divisions in which DNA replication, basic cellular activities, and cell growth take place. division of the contents of the nucleus division of the cell itself

Bacteria can undergo rapid reproduction to produce countless descendants because some bacteria can _____ every 20 minutes.

undergo binary fission become dormant