Chapter 8

Nondisjunction might result in gametes with the chromosome numbers ________. a) 2n + 1 or 2n − 1 b) 2n + 1 or n − 1 c) n + 1 or n − 1

a) 2n + 1 or 2n − 1

How many chromosomes does an individual with Turner syndrome have? a) 2n − 1 b) n − 1 c) 2n + 1 d) n + 1

a) 2n − 1

Which characteristic seen in prophase I does NOT occur in prophase II? a) Crossing over occurs. b) Spindle formation occurs. c) Chromosomes move to the middle of the cell. d) The number of chromosomes doubles.

a) Crossing over occurs.

In meiosis, how does prophase I differ from prophase II? a) During prophase I there is one diploid cell; during prophase II there are two haploid cells. b) During prophase I the chromosomes coil up; the chromosomes are not coiled up during prophase II. c) During prophase I chromosomes line up single file in the middle of the cell; during prophase II the chromosomes line up double file in the middle of the cell. d) In prophase I the sister chromatids are attached; in prophase II the sister chromatids are separated.

a) During prophase I there is one diploid cell; during prophase II there are two haploid cells.

The structure where sister chromatids are joined is called the ________. a) centromere b) centriole c) centrosome d) spindle

a) centromere

A karyotype (a display of the chromosomes in a cell) is often used to look for genetic disorders. Karyotype results would not be useful to determine ________. a) eye color b) sex c) Turner syndrome d) Down syndrome

a) eye color

Crossing over during prophase I results in ________. a) genetic recombination b) duplication c) nondisjunction d) reciprocal translocation

a) genetic recombination

A cell that completed the cell cycle without undergoing cytokinesis would ________. a) have two nuclei b) have its chromosomes lined up in the middle of the cell c) have less genetic material than it started with d) not have completed anaphase

a) have two nuclei

During anaphase I ________. a) homologous chromosomes randomly separate and migrate to opposite poles b) sister chromatids separate and the daughter chromosomes migrate to opposite poles c) half of the chromosomes inherited from the mother go to one pole along with half of the chromosomes inherited from the father d) all of the chromosomes inherited from the mother go to one pole of the cell, and all of the chromosomes inherited from the father go to the other pole

a) homologous chromosomes randomly separate and migrate to opposite poles

The above figure shows that ________. a) meiosis results in the formation of four haploid daughter cells b) meiosis forms diploid gametes c) fertilization results in four haploid daughter cells d) the human 2n number is 4

a) meiosis results in the formation of four haploid daughter cells

One difference between mitosis and meiosis is that mitosis ________. a) produces cells genetically identical to the parent cell, but meiosis does not b) produces more daughter cells for each division than meiosis c) produces haploid cells, but meiosis produces diploid cells d) requires only one parent cell, but meiosis requires two parent cells

a) produces cells genetically identical to the parent cell, but meiosis does not

Cytokinesis typically begins during the ________ stage of mitosis. a) telophase b) metaphase c) anaphase d) prophase

a) telophase

A(n) ________ is an example of an organism that can sometimes reproduce asexually by parthenogenesis. a) zebra shark b) cat c) mouse d) human

a) zebra shark

What is the chromosome composition of a normal human male? a) 44 autosomes and 2 Y chromosomes b) 44 autosomes, 1 X chromosome, and 1 Y chromosome c) 46 autosomes, 1 X chromosome, and 1 Y chromosome d) 22 autosomes and 2 Y chromosomes

b) 44 autosomes, 1 X chromosome, and 1 Y chromosome

Homologous chromosomes ________. a) are a set of chromosomes received from one parent during sexual reproduction b) carry genes controlling the same inherited characteristics c) carry the same versions of all genes

b) carry genes controlling the same inherited characteristics

The type of cell division that produces two genetically identical daughter cells is important for all of the following functions EXCEPT ________. a) growth of a multicellular organism b) production of sperm and eggs c) asexual reproduction d) cell replacement

b) production of sperm and eggs

The CORRECT sequence of stages of mitosis is ________. a) anaphase, interphase, prophase, metaphase, telophase b) prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase c) telophase, prophase, anaphase, metaphase

b) prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

Upon completion of telophase I and cytokinesis in meiosis, there is(are) ________ cell(s). a) four haploid b) two haploid c) one diploid d) two diploid

b) two haploid

Which activity will help prevent cancer and increase survival? a) Eat a low-fiber, low-fat diet. b) Smoke cigarettes. c) Seek early detection of tumors. d) Limit exercise.

c) Seek early detection of tumors.

Which event occurs during anaphase? a) The nuclear envelope breaks up. b) Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell. c) Sister chromatids become separate chromosomes.

c) Sister chromatids become separate chromosomes.

Chromosomes that do NOT determine the sex of an individual are called ________. a) nonhomologous chromosomes b) homologous chromosomes c) autosomes d) sex chromosomes

c) autosomes

A correct comparison between a benign and a malignant tumor is that ________. a) benign tumors do not form lumps; malignant tumors do form lumps b) benign tumors are composed of cancer cells; malignant tumors are not c) benign tumors do not metastasize; malignant tumors do d) benign tumors are not the result of a failure of a cell cycle control system; malignant tumors are

c) benign tumors do not metastasize; malignant tumors do

During metaphase, ________. a) centrosomes divide b) the nuclear envelope breaks up c) chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell d) sister chromatids move near the poles

c) chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell

In sexual reproduction in humans ________. a) an individual with 44 chromosomes is produced b) a haploid individual is produced c) haploid sperm fertilizes a haploid egg cell d) two diploid gametes are combined to produce a zygote

c) haploid sperm fertilizes a haploid egg cell

During metaphase I, ________. a) the nuclear envelope breaks up b) sister chromatids migrate to opposite poles c) homologous chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell d) crossing over occurs

c) homologous chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell

Genetic variation is accomplished by all but one of the following. Choose the EXCEPTION. a) the events of meiosis I b) crossing over c) the events of meiosis II d) independent assortment

c) the events of meiosis II

What is the chromosome composition of a normal human female? a) 22 autosomes and 2 X chromosomes b) 44 autosomes, 1 X chromosome, and 1 Y chromosome c) 46 autosomes and 2 X chromosomes d) 44 autosomes and 2 X chromosomes

d) 44 autosomes and 2 X chromosomes

What happens during interphase? a) The mitotic spindle forms. b) Chromatin becomes tightly coiled. c) Sister chromatids separate. d) Chromosome duplication occurs.

d) Chromosome duplication occurs.

A duplicated chromosome consists of two ________. a) centromeres b) genomes c) centrosomes d) sister chromatids

d) sister chromatids

The cells that result from the mitotic cell cycle can be described as ________. a) two cells, each with the same amount of genetic material but with different genetic information b) four cells, each with the same amount of genetic material and the same genetic information c) four cells, each with the same amount of genetic material but with different genetic information d) two cells, each with the same amount of genetic material and the same genetic information

d) two cells, each with the same amount of genetic material and the same genetic information