Chapter 8: Nutrient Review

Which statement/s/, regarding vitamins, is/are correct:

A. They are classified as either fat soluble or water soluble b.They will combine with either hydrophilic or hydrophobic environments c. They are either organic compounds or they have carbon in their structure

A 'balanced diet' includes:

A. the right proportions of various macro- and micro-nutrients b.a variety which assures that functional requirements are being met c.a balance that ensures few to no bodily function deficiencies exist d.all parts of the food pyramid

Maintains body temperature, allows for movement of nutrients and contributes to over 50% of all internal chemical reactions

maintains body temperature, allows for movement of nutrients and contributes to over 50% of all internal chemical reactions

Fluid imbalances contribute to _______________ disorders; this risk can be significantly reduced by drinking at least 8 ounces, 8 to 10 times per day.

metabolic

An inorganic compound that is a natural element of the environment

mineral

When two compartments are separated by a semi-perme able membrane, water will cross the membrane to equalize the concentrations, the process of _____________.

osmosis .

As the body absorbs water in the small intestine, and eventually into the blood vessel, it will first move into the blood's fluid compartment, known as _____________.

plasma

The only way for water to reach the cells and all of the places that it is needed is for it to be absorbed in the _____________________.

small intestine

Never take in large amounts of ____________ during exercise.

sodium

Heat Exhaustion

- Less serious compared to heat stroke - Headache and dizziness - Rapid, shallow breathing - Soaked with sweat and pale ski

List ways to prevent Heat Stroke and Heat Exhaustion:

-No vigorous activity in extreme heat -Proper hydration with water, or a sports drink if t he activity is extended and vigorous -Wear 'breathable' clothing -No alcohol or caffeinated beverages before exercise

It is advised to drink between ___ and ___ ounces of fluids within 30 minutes after an event completion.

16 and 24

Water content of muscle is about _________ of its weight

74%

Sports drinks:

A. Should not be used in all exercise situations b. Are intended to replace water and electrolytes, but are also enhanced by sugars and salts c. Are good for individuals who are performing prolonged periods of strenuous exercise

Which group of vitamins aids in metabolism

B vitamins

Why may supplementation be an appropriate addition to 'real food'?

Because advances in food science have caused nutrient depletion in some foods

The number of calories per weight of the food is called:

Caloric density

The entire set of values considered for optimum health, used for planning and assessing diets, is call ed

Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI)

Vitamins, minerals and water are considered:

Micro-nutrients

______________ will no longer send signals to the brain to create the sense of thirst.

Osmoreceptors

_______________ is the electrolyte that is responsible for fluid retention, it is significant to our thirst response as its concentration in the blood is diluted to acceptable levels

Sodium

Sports drinks that are higher in sodium are best for individuals recovering from short bursts of explosive exercise.

Sports drinks that are higher in sodium are best for individuals recovering from long periods of rigorous exercise.

The term 'empty calories' refers to foods which have high nutrient density and high caloric density.

The term 'empty calories' refers to foods which have low nutrient density and high caloric density.

Which statement/s/, regarding micro-nutrients, is/a re correct:

They are not required in as large a quantity as macro-nutrients

Excess quantities of vitamins do NOT enhance bodily functions.

True

Heat Stroke

Very high body temperature -No sweating - Dry and flushed/red skin - Sweat mechanism has ceased working - Common in athletes who use stimulant

Vitamins produce energy.

Vitamins do not have any calories, therefore they do NOT produce energy

The minerals in water are known as ____________, which are critical for things like muscle contraction and brain function.

electrolytes

A nutrient that is not synthesized by the body in enough quantity to sustain function, and therefore must be part of a balanced diet

essential

The distribution of Total Body Water (TBW) is divided into ______________ and _____________ compartments.

extracellular and intracellular

Body temperature and heart rate _____________ during periods of dehydration.

increase

An element in the hemoglobin of red blood cells which enable them to carry oxygen

iron

The ___________ are responsible for regulating the flow of fluid from the body, e.g. excreting ammonia through the urine.

kidneys