Chapter 8 Practice Test
A patient in cardiac arrest stands the greatest chance for survival if he or she: A. takes no medications. B. receives early defibrillation. C. is younger than 50 years of age. D. receives timely two-rescuer CPR.
B
All of the following are signs of obvious death, except: A. decapitation. B. an absent pulse. C. muscle stiffening. D. dependent lividity.
B
Blood clotting is the responsibility of: A. plasma. B. platelets. C. red blood cells. D. white blood cells.
B
When performing two-rescuer CPR on an infant or child, you should: A. switch roles after every 20 cycles of CPR. B. give two breaths after every 15 compressions. C. deliver each rescue breath over 1 to 2 seconds. D. use the heel of one hand to compress the chest.
B
When performing two-rescuer CPR on an infant, you should: A. compress the chest with the heel of one hand and deliver two breaths after every 30 compressions. B. use the two-thumb/encircling hands technique and deliver two breaths after every 15 compressions. C. compress the chest with the middle and index fingers and deliver one breath after every 5 compressions. D. use the two-thumb/encircling hands technique and deliver two breaths after every 30 compressions.
B
Which of the following chambers of the heart pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs? A. Left atrium B. Right atrium C. Left ventricle D. Right ventricle
B
Which of the following is an example of abandonment? A. A licensed physician orders you to stop CPR. B. You discontinue CPR before paramedics arrive. C. You turn over care of your patient to a paramedic. D. You are too physically exhausted to continue CPR.
B
Your assessment of an adult male reveals that he is unresponsive. After positioning the patient onto his back and instructing a bystander to call 9-1-1. You should: A. perform 30 chest compressions followed by two slow breaths. B. check for breathing and a pulse for no longer than 10 seconds. C. open the airway and deliver two breaths, each lasting 1 second. D. perform 15 chest compressions followed by two slow breaths.
B
Which component of the blood carries oxygen from the lungs to the body and brings carbon dioxide back to the lungs? A. Plasma B. Platelets C. Red blood cells D. White blood cells
C
During two-rescuer CPR on a 60-year-old woman, the patient begins regurgitating. You should: A. suction her mouth for up to 15 seconds. B. immediately place the woman on her side. C. clear her mouth of vomit with your finger. D. continue CPR until responding EMTs arrive.
B
Every effort should be made to avoid interrupting CPR for longer than: A. 10 seconds. B. 15 seconds. C. 20 seconds. D. 25 seconds.
B
If a cardiac arrest patient is found in a bed, you should: A. place a flat object underneath him and begin CPR. B. immediately place the patient on a firm, level surface. C. begin CPR until ALS personnel arrive. D. determine if a valid do not resuscitate (DNR) order is present before starting CPR.
B
If pediatric-sized defibrillation pads and an energy reducer are not available for a child in cardiac arrest, you should: A. promptly obtain these items. B. use adult-sized AED pads. C. continue CPR until EMTs arrive. D. not defibrillate until paramedics arrive.
B
If the AED states that a shock is advised, you should: A. deliver the shock and assess for a pulse. B. ensure that no one is touching the patient. C. allow the AED to reanalyze the cardiac rhythm. D. perform 30 seconds of CPR and then defibrillate.
B
If the family member of a cardiac arrest patient presents you with a living will, you should: A. cease resuscitative efforts at once. B. follow your department's protocols. C. determine if the living will is valid. D. begin CPR but do not apply an AED.
B
In addition to CPR, many EMRs are also trained to perform: A. advanced airway care. B. automated external defibrillation. C. intravenous therapy. D. medication administration.
B
In the absence of an AED or additional personnel to assist, you should continue CPR until: A. 15 minutes have past. B. the patient starts to move. C. a bystander requests that you stop. D. the patient's skin color improves.
B
In which of the following situations should you not initiate CPR? A. A defibrillator is not readily available. B. There is evidence of tissue decomposition. C. The arrest interval is more than 5 minutes. D. Paramedic arrival is greater than 10 minutes.
B
The function of the right atrium is to: A. pump deoxygenated blood to the lungs. B. receive blood from the veins of the body. C. pump oxygenated blood throughout the body. D. receive blood that is returning from the lungs.
B
Under normal conditions, when the cells of the body receive blood, they: A. absorb carbon dioxide and produce oxygen. B. absorb oxygen and produce carbon dioxide. C. produce oxygen that is sent back to the heart. D. retain carbon dioxide and other key nutrients.
B
What is the proper location for performing chest compressions on a child or adult patient? A. Upper third of the patient's sternum B. Center of the chest, in between the nipples C. Below an imaginary line in between the nipples D. Lower part of the sternum, over the xiphoid process
B
When assessing for breathing and a pulse in an unresponsive patient, you should: A. assess for breathing for at least 15 seconds and then assess for a pulse. B. simultaneously assess for breathing and a pulse for no more than 10 seconds. C. assess for a pulse for at least 15 seconds and then assess for breathing. D. assume that a pulse is not present if the patient is not breathing normally.
B
When performing chest compressions on a small child, you should: A. deliver at least 120 compressions per minute. B. place the heel of one hand in the center of the chest. C. compress the chest to a depth of at least 2" (5 cm). D. use your middle and ring fingers to compress the sternum.
B
When performing chest compressions on any patient, it is important to: A. compress the chest to a depth of 1" to 2" (2.5 to 5 cm). B. allow the chest to fully recoil between compressions. C. deliver two rescue breaths after every 15 chest compressions. D. rest your fingers on the chest wall to help support your hands.
B
A pulse is generated when the: A. heart contracts and sends a wave of pressure through the arteries. B. veins of the body contract in response to contraction of the heart. C. heart relaxes and pressure on the walls of the arteries is relieved. D. arteries contract in response to the strong pumping force of the heart.
A
All of the following are components of the circulatory system, except the: A. lungs. B. heart. C. blood. D. blood vessels.
A
By compressing a patient's sternum during CPR, you: A. change pressure in the patient's chest and force blood through the body. B. dramatically increase the amount of blood that is oxygenated in the lungs. C. will often cause a spontaneous return of pulse after about 5 to 10 minutes. D. can sustain his or her life indefinitely if compressions are of adequate depth.
A
If CPR is in progress by trained bystanders when you arrive at the scene, you should: A. check for a pulse while compressions are ongoing. B. stop CPR and check for a pulse for up to 10 seconds. C. ask the bystanders to stop CPR while you apply the AED. D. ensure that the bystander delivers at least 80 compressions/min
A
If a patient is found to be unresponsive, the EMR's first action should be to: A. apply the AED immediately. B. assess for breathing and check for a pulse. C. manually open the patient's airway. D. begin CPR, starting with chest compressions.
A
If the AED advises "no shock," you should: A. perform CPR for 2 minutes and reassess. B. determine whether the patient is breathing. C. reanalyze the patient's cardiac rhythm. D. check for a pulse for up to 10 seconds.
A
In between chest compressions, you should deliver rescue breaths that: A. are 1 second in duration. B. cause the chest to expand fully. C. produce visible rise of the stomach. D. maximize air entry into the esophagus.
A
Oxygen passes from the blood cells into the cells of body tissues: A. at the capillary level. B. within the body's small veins. C. when the body has low oxygen levels. D. when the body has high carbon dioxide levels.
A
The most detrimental effect that passive vomiting can have on a cardiac arrest patient is: A. aspiration into the lungs. B. a delay in receiving CPR. C. bleeding into the esophagus. D. infectious disease transmission.
A
Which of the following statements regarding chest compressions on an infant is correct? A. Compress the sternum approximately one third the depth of the chest. B. Use the heel of one hand and compress the chest at a rate of 100 times per minute. C. Deliver two breaths after every 15 compressions if you are the only rescuer present. D. More compression force is needed in the infant to ensure that blood is adequately circulated.
A
Which of the following statements regarding child CPR is correct? A. Compress the chest with two hands in larger children. B. You should use more force when ventilating a child. C. The sternum should be compressed to a depth of 1" (2.5 cm). D. Adequate chest rise requires breaths that are 2 seconds long.
A
You arrive at a residence for a 70-year-old man who was found unresponsive by his neighbor. When you assess the patient, you note that his muscles are stiff and the areas of his body closest to the ground are purple. The neighbor tells you that he last spoke to the patient about 12 hours earlier. You should: A. not initiate resuscitation efforts. B. perform CPR until EMTs arrive. C. notify the coroner and funeral home. D. apply the automated external defibrillator.
A
A 60-year-old man passed out in his bathroom and is wedged in between the toilet and bathtub. You assess him and determine that he is unresponsive, is not breathing, and does not have a pulse. A responding ambulance is 6 minutes from the scene. You should: A. begin CPR where the patient is and assist in moving him when the ambulance arrives. B. quickly move him into the hallway outside the bathroom and begin chest compressions. C. drag him by the shoulders into a bedroom or kitchen and then begin chest compressions. D. provide rescue breathing only until the ambulance arrives, then move him to a larger area.
C
After a patient experiences cardiac arrest, brain damage begins within: A. 1 to 2 minutes. B. 2 to 4 minutes. C. 4 to 6 minutes. D. 6 to 8 minutes.
C
Blood is pumped throughout the entire body after it: A. circulates within the liver. B. has been filtered by the kidneys. C. has picked up oxygen in the lungs. D. leaves the right ventricle of the heart.
C
Compared to veins, arteries: A. carry blood back to the heart under low pressure. B. are thin-walled and carry blood back to the heart. C. carry blood away from the heart at high pressure. D. return blood back to the heart and are thick-walled.
C
If a rescuer is alone with an infant or child who is in cardiac arrest, when should the rescuer activate the EMS system? A. As soon as cardiac arrest is confirmed B. After 3 to 5 minutes of rescue breathing C. After five cycles (about 2 minutes) of CPR D. When the rescuer is too exhausted to continue
C
If you are alone with an unresponsive adult patient, you should first: A. check the pulse for no longer than 10 seconds. B. quickly visualize the patient's chest to look for signs of breathing. C. activate the EMS system and return to the patient. D. perform 2 minutes of CPR and then activate the EMS system.
C
Most out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients have an irregular electrical heart rhythm called: A. asystole. B. ventricular tachycardia. C. ventricular fibrillation. D. pulseless electrical activity.
C
Plasma constitutes _____ of a patient's total blood volume. A. 20% B. 45% C. 55% D. 70%
C
The correct compression to ventilation ratio for adult CPR is: A. 5:1. B. 15:2. C. 30:2. D. 30:1.
C
The first link in the chain of survival involves: A. cooling the body to protect the brain. B. the administration of drugs by paramedics. C. recognizing cardiac arrest and calling 9-1-1. D. performing defibrillation within 2 to 3 minutes.
C
When checking for a pulse in an adult patient, you should: A. locate the brachial artery and feel for pulsations. B. begin CPR if the pulse rate is less than 60 beats/min. C. check for at least 5 seconds but no more than 10 seconds. D. feel for the pulse on the inside of the upper part of the arm.
C
Which of the following represents the most correct treatment sequence for a patient with unwitnessed cardiac arrest? A. Attach the AED and defibrillate once if indicated, begin CPR, and reassess in 2 minutes. B. Attach the AED and defibrillate up to three times if indicated, check for a pulse, and resume CPR. C. Begin CPR, attach the AED and defibrillate once if indicated, resume CPR, and reassess in 2 minutes. D. Check for a pulse for up to 10 seconds, attach the AED and defibrillate once if indicated, and perform 10 cycles of CPR.
C
Which of the following statements regarding CPR is not correct? A. CPR is most beneficial if it is initiated by bystanders or EMRs. B. All patients who are not breathing and pulseless should receive CPR. C. CPR by itself is often enough to resuscitate a patient in cardiac arrest. D. CPR may sustain a patient's life until advanced life support ALS is available.
C
Which of the following statements regarding complications of CPR is correct? A. Proper hand position totally eliminates the risk of broken ribs. B. Gastric distention will occur if rescue breaths are too shallow. C. Ribs or cartilage may be broken despite proper CPR technique. D. Regurgitation is an uncommon occurrence during cardiac arrest.
C
A 4-year-old boy was electrocuted when he stuck a pin into an electrical outlet. You arrive at the scene and assess the child, who is motionless. He is not breathing and does not have a pulse. A responding ambulance is approximately 5 minutes away and you are by yourself. The most appropriate treatment sequence for this child consists of: A. opening the airway, delivering two rescue breaths, and performing 15 chest compressions. B. performing 15 chest compressions, opening the airway, and delivering two rescue breaths. C. opening the airway, delivering two rescue breaths, and performing 30 chest compressions. D. performing 30 chest compressions, opening the airway, and delivering two rescue breaths.
D
A child is most accurately defined as a person who: A. is still in elementary school. B. weighs less than 100 lb (45.4 kg). C. is younger than 8 years. D. is between 1 year and the onset of puberty.
D
A manual defibrillator is preferred to an AED if the patient: A. has an implanted pacemaker. B. weighs more than 200 pounds. C. has a known history of heart problems. D. is between 1 month and 1 year of age.
D
A patient with an infection would be expected to have an increase in: A. plasma levels. B. platelet levels. C. red blood cells. D. white blood cells.
D
An unresponsive man has been injured and has gasping breathing. You are not sure if you feel a carotid pulse. You should: A. open his airway with the head-tilt chin lift maneuver. B. perform chest compressions but do not give rescue breaths. C. give one rescue breath every 3 to 5 seconds and reassess him. D. begin CPR and open the airway with the jaw-thrust maneuver.
D
Brain damage may become irreversible in as little as _____ minutes following the onset of cardiac arrest. A. 2 B. 4 C. 6 D. 8
D
If you witness a patient's cardiac arrest, you should: A. perform 10 cycles of CPR and then apply an AED. B. perform 3 minutes of CPR and then apply an AED. C. defibrillate him or her after performing five cycles of CPR. D. begin CPR and apply an AED as soon as one is available.
D
In which of the following situations would it be most appropriate for the EMR to discontinue CPR? A. A registered nurse orders the EMR to stop. B. Patient care is transferred to a bystander. C. The EMR begins to experience mild fatigue. D. Spontaneous ventilation and circulation return.
D
Plasma is: A. contained within blood cells. B. what carries oxygen to the cells. C. also called an infection fighter. D. the fluid component of the blood.
D
Regardless of the patient's age, chest compressions should be: A. followed by one slow rescue breath. B. initiated after 9-1-1 has been called. C. shallow in depth to avoid liver injury. D. performed at a rate of 100 to 120 per minute
D
The AED should be applied in all of the following situations, except: A. an unresponsive patient who is pulseless. B. a patient with an unwitnessed cardiac arrest. C. a patient whose cardiac arrest was witnessed. D. a nonbreathing patient who has a weak pulse.
D
Which of the following chambers of the heart pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs? A. Left atrium B. Right atrium C. Left ventricle D. Right ventricle
D
Which of the following is not a sign of effective CPR? A. The chest visibly rises during ventilations. B. The patient's skin color turns from blue to pink. C. A carotid pulse can be felt during chest compressions. D. Compressions are delivered at a rate of 80 per minute.
D
Which of the following statements regarding two-rescuer adult CPR is correct? A. Two breaths should be delivered after every 15 compressions. B. Do not interrupt compressions for more than 15 to 20 seconds. C. Two rescuers should be able to switch roles within 10 seconds. D. Switching roles every 2 minutes will minimize rescuer fatigue.
D
While preparing to apply the AED pads to an adult patient's chest, you note that he has a transdermal medication patch where the sternum pad needs to be placed. You should: A. apply the AED pad 1" lower than the medication patch. B. place the patient prone and apply the AED pads to his back. C. continue CPR only until a paramedic unit arrives at the scene. D. remove the medication patch, wipe the skin, and apply the AED pad.
D