Chapter 8: Socioemotional Development In Early Childhood

authoritarian parenting

restrictive, commanding respect and obedience, firm limitation, little verbal exchange. Associated with children's social incompetence

sensorimotor play

behavior engaged in infants that lets them derive pleasure from exercising their existing sensorimotor schemas

autonomous morality

in Piaget's theory, older children (10+ years) become aware that rules and laws are created by people and that in judging an action one should consider the intentions as well as the consequences

indulgent parenting

parent is overinvolved and basically spoils the kid, leads to lack of self-control and social incompetence

neglectful parenting

parent is uninvolved, rejecting, unresponsive, leads to lack of self-control

psychoanalytic theory of gender

Freud's idea of Oedipus complex and subsequently identifies with the same-sex parent, unconsciously adopting their characteristics

gender role

a set of expectations that prescribes how females or males should act, think, and feel

social cognitive theory of gender

a theory emphasizing that children's gender development occurs through the observation and imitation of gender behavior and though the rewards and punishments children experience for gender-appropriate and gender-inappropriate behavior

social role theory

a theory that gender differences result from the contrasting roles of men and women

gender typing

acquisition of a traditional gender role

games

activities engaged in for pleasure that include rules and often involve competition with one or more individuals

conscience

an internal regulation of standards of right and wrong that involves integrating moral thought, feeling, and behavior

moral development

development that involves thoughts, feelings, and behaviors regarding rules and conventions about what people should do in their interactions with other people

authoritative parenting

encouraging, much discussion between parents and child, still place limits, but children are allowed to be more independent. Associated with social competence.

pretense/symbolic play

play in which the child transforms the physical environment into a symbol

practice play

play that involves repetition of behavior when new skills are being learned or when physical or mental mastery and coordination of skills are required for games or sports

social play

play that involves social interaction with peers

constructive play

play that occurs when children engage in self-regulated creation or construction of a product or a solution

coparenting

support parents provide for each other in jointly raising their children

self-understanding

the child's cognitive representation of self, the substance and content of the child's self-conceptions

immanent justice

the concept that if a rule is broken, punishment will be meted out immediately

heteronomous morality

the first stage of moral development in Piaget's theory (4 to 7 years of age). Justice and rules are conceived of as unchangeable properties of the world, removed from the control of people

gender identity

the sense of being male or female, which most children acquire by the time they are 3

gender schema theory

the theory that gender typing emerges as children develop gender schemas of their culture's gender-appropriate and gender-inappropriate behavior