Chapter 9 , 11, 12, 13 HIST
Which of the following statements most accurately describes how the American population was distributed across the nation in 1800?
Most people lived on farms or in small towns, with only 3 percent living in cities.
The War of 1812, which ended with the Treaty of Ghent being signed in December 1814, came to close because
Napoleonic Wars in Europe were slowly drawing to a close, and Britain wanted to end the war with the Americans - the British decided it was not to their advantage to continue the war
Which of these played a large role in the Panic of 1819?
The Second Bank of the United States forced state banks to foreclose on bad loans.
Why did employers in the garment industry prefer hiring female workers to sew ready-made clothing?
Women had few other opportunities and could be hired for very low wages.
What American industry was the first to use interchangeable parts, introducing the "American system" of production?
gun manufacturing
Although Francis Cabot Lowell illegally made detailed sketches from memory of the machinery he inspected in British textile mills, he is considered to be more than an industrial spy because he __________.
improved on British models of machinery, which led to more efficient methods of spinning cotton
The Old Southwest differed from the Old Northwest after the War of 1812, in that almost half the migrants into the Old Southwest were
involuntary slave migrants
Compared to Washington and Adams, Jefferson's presidential style
was less monarchical and aristocratic
According to the Indian Intercourse Act of 1790, under what conditions could be the US acquire Indian land?
when Indians ceded land through treaties
Which country's settlement in Alaska posed a potential threat to the US?
Russia
During the mid-nineteenth century, Charles G. Finney was a leading figure in
2nd awaken
What portion of the population lived in cities around 1800, when the Atlantic seaports dominated American life?
3%
According to the census of 1800. about how many Americans out of 100 lived in communities of less than 2,500?
94
When the owners at Lowell cut wages 25 percent in 1834, how did female workers respond?
About 800 young women went out on a spontaneous but unsuccessful strike.
The Old Southwest differed from the Old Northwest after the War of 1812 in that almost half the migrants into the Old Southwest were __________.
African American slaves forced to move there with their owners
Why did free navigation of the Mississippi River and the right of deposit in New Orleans matter to American farmers and merchants living in the trans-Appalachian West during the early 1800s?
American settlers in the trans-Appalachian West depended on access to the Mississippi River and New Orleans for their economic survival and prosperity.
Why did many consider Jefferson's policy of peaceable coercion a disaster?
American trade was hurt far more than French or British trade
Why might the Old Northwest by the 1840s be better referred to as the "Yankee" West?
At least 40 percent of the migrants to the Old Northwest came from New England.
The United States initially obtained its textile technology from which industrialized European nation?
Britain
How did an innovation in the Lowell system make it more efficient than its British competitors?
By gathering spinning and weaving equipment under one roof, Lowell opened the first integrated cotton mill.
Laborers?
Cheap unskilled labor could be used to finish parts by hand, which lessened the demand for skilled labor.
How did a growing international trade affect American society after 1790?
Coastal seaport towns grew rapidly
Which statement best summarizes what Thomas Jefferson saw as an American advantage over Europe when it came to establishing a republican form of gov't?
Continued expansion would prevent the misery and poverty caused by a population explosion
Which statement best summarizes what Thomas Jefferson saw as an American advantage over Europe when it came to establishing a republican form of government?
Continued expansion would prevent the misery and poverty caused by a population explosion.
How did the United States contribute to the industrial boom that developed in England and other parts of Europe during the late 1700s?
Cotton exported from the South fueled the fast-growing British textile industry.
Whose "brainchild" was the Erie Canal?
Dewitt
Which phrase best describes the U.S. agricultural economy in 1800?
Farmers raised crops and livestock mainly for subsistence.
Artisans?
Most artisans were put out of business, and the apprenticeship system disappeared.
What name was adopted for the French colony of Saint-Domingue after the successful slave revolt in 1791?
Haiti
Why was the slave revolt led by black slaves in the French colony of Saint-Domingue different from earlier slave revolts that took place in North America?
Haiti was established as the first free independent black nation in North America because of the slaves' victory over their French masters.
What was Jefferson's response to the attack on the USS Chesapeake by British ship Leopard?
He imposed an embargo, cutting off all American exports and imports
Why was the Shawnee religious leader Tenskwatawa known as "The Prophet"?
He preached that if the Indians would return to their traditional ways, whites would disappear and Indians alone would inhabit the land
Why did New York governor DeWitt Clinton propose the construction of the Erie Canal?
He wanted to link New York City to the Great Lakes through the Hudson River and make it an important center of finance and commerce.
Why did Napoleon suddenly become ready to sell Louisiana to the US in 1803?
His Haitian campaign failed and he need money for European military campaigns
Why did Napoleon suddenly become ready to sell Louisiana to the United States in 1803?
His Haitian campaign had failed, and he needed money for European military campaigns.
Who provided most of the labor needed to build the Erie Canal?
Irish contract laborers
Which of the following was true of the Second Great Awakening?
It made conversion and repentance public acts.
Which statement about the battle of NO at the end of the War of 1812 is true?
It was fought after the peace treaty was signed but before news of it arrived in America
Whose presidency is known as the Era of Good Feelings?
James Monroe
Who appointed the "midnight judges" leading to an important controversy over the courts?
John Adams
What secretary of state was almost entirely responsible for the diplomatic achievements of the Era of Good Feelings?
John Quincy Adams
How was the issue of the treatment of French inhabitants of the Louisiana Territory resolved by Gov. William Claiborne and his successors?
Louisiana adopted a legal code based on French civil law rather than English common law, in which many matters such as property law and family were more strictly regulated in the French system
What impact did the putting-out system have on the artisan workshop system?
Many artisans were put out of business, and the apprenticeship system all but disappeared.
Which statement best describes why shipping trade from Atlantic American ports became an important asset to the US in the 1790s?
Merchants and shippers could profitably import and reexport European goods
As indicated by the vote to declare war in 1812 and the later meeting of the Hartford Convention, which area of the United States most opposed Madison's war policy?
New England
As the vote to declare war in 1812 and the later meeting of the Hartford Convention indicate, which area of the US most opposed Madison's war policy?
New England
Which statement best describes why New Orleans was the biggest loser in the growth of the American West?
New transportation links with the West ran eastward to New York and New England, and therefore less western commerce passed through New Orleans.
What invention did Cyrus McCormick patent in 1834, transforming western farming?
Reaper
Why were canals an improvement over roads for the transport of goods?
Road transportation was slow and expensive; goods could be transported faster and less expensively by canal.
What industry in Lynn, Massachusetts, grew out of the putting-out system?
Shoe manufacturing
What impact did mechanization of industry have on skilled workers?
Skilled workers in many trades were replaced by unskilled labor.
What role did southern planters play in the market revolution of the early nineteenth century?
Southern cotton profits provided much of the capital for northern industrialization.
Because of its possession of the largest area of NA, which nation posed the greatest threat to the US in the 1790s?
Spain
Why was Pickney's Treaty important for America in the early 1800s?
Spain guaranteed American navigation of the Mississippi River and the right of deposit in the port of NO
Why were steamboats especially important in improving transportation in the American interior?
Steamboats could exploit the widespread Ohio, Missouri, and Mississippi river systems. - Steamboats were faster than flatboats and barges and could travel upstream, which resulted in a transformation of commerce on the inland river system.
Who was the most important leader of the pan-Indian military resistance movement in the 1810s?
Tecumseh
Which of these played a large role in the Panic of 1819?
The 2nd bank of US forced state banks to foreclose on bad loans
Why was the Missouri Compromise the beginning, rather than the end, of the sectional debate?
The Compromise was only a temp. solution, because it left open the question of how the balance between free and slave states would be maintained and made many Southerners realize that slavery was under attack
What was the most important consequence of the Supreme Court decision in Marbury v. Madison?
The Supreme Court created the precedent of judicial review
Why is James Monroe's presidency known as the Era of Good Feelings?
The United States experienced reduced levels of partisan conflict during this presidential administration.
What was the intent of the Embargo Act?
The act was intended to force both Britain and France to recognize neutral rights by depriving them of American-shipped raw materials
In what way was the construction of the Erie Canal a portent of the future?
The use of immigrant labor to build the canal set a pattern for later canal and railroad construction.
How did John Adams's decision to appoint the "midnight judges" shortly before leaving office eventually lead to restructuring the powers of the three branches of government?
The judicial branch eventually gained enough power to become equal to the other two branches of government.
What impact did the transportation revolution have on the population of the Old Northwest between 1790 and 1850?
The population almost Quadrupled
How did Cyrus McCormick's reaper transform western farming?
The reaper allowed farmers to harvest crops in less time with fewer workers than traditional tools.
Why was the South unable to respond to growing British demand for cotton prior to the 1790s?
The type of cotton that grew well in the South required an enormous investment in labor and time to process the raw cotton
Why did the British feel justified in impressing sailors from American ships?
They believed British deserters were sailing on American ships with false papers
Why did the British feel justified in impressing sailors from American ships?
They correctly believed British deserters were sailing on American ships with false papers.
Why did Monroe and Livingston violate their instructions to buy NO and the surrounding area, and agree to pay $15 million for the entire Louisiana Territory, in 1803?
They could not wait two months to consult Jefferson, they had to seize the opportunity
Why did the Jeffersonian Republicans oppose Adams's appt. of the "midnight judges"?
They feared a Federalist effort to politicize the judiciary and strengthen the federal gov't
Why did the Jeffersonian Republicans oppose Adams's appointment of the "midnight judges"?
They feared a Federalist effort to politicize the judiciary.
How did James Monroe's success in the election of 1816 affect the role of the Federalists in future presidential elections?
They would never run another candidate for president.
Before the United States, what nation had first developed textile machinery?
UK
Which statement best describes how industrialization affected the division of factory workers' lives between work and leisure?
Unlike preindustrial life when work and leisure were blended, factory workers' time was divided into separate work and leisure activities.
What did Jefferson consider the key to the success of the American republic?
a nation of small family farms clustered in rural communities
How did residents of existing farming communities located close to textile mills view mill workers?
as disliked "operatives" who were poor and transient
What was the most important "pull factor" in westward migration in the early 19th century?
attractive price of western lands
Money?
banks and the business community itself
Where did much of the capital needed for early-nineteenth-century business expansion come from?
banks and the business community itself
Due to the industrial boom in England and Europe, what American export crop was most in demand by 1800?
cotton
What made it possible for Britain to dominate the North American fur trade?
good relations with Native Americans
What did Jefferson call the policy he adopted in response to British and French violations of America neutral rights?
peaceable coercion
Which phrase best describes the US around 1800?
predominantly rural and agricultural
Putting-Out System
produce goods in private homes under the supervision of a merchant who supplied raw materials and paid for the finished products
The process involved in the putting-out system was to __________.
produce goods in private homes under the supervision of a merchant who supplied raw materials and paid for the finished products
What caused the hub of the western distribution system to shift from St. Louis to Chicago after 1840?
railroad construction - rapid railroad expansion
Around 1805, the main problem the US faced in foreign affairs was
remaining neutral in the ongoing struggle between England and France
During Jefferson's second term, the main problem the United States faced in foreign affairs was __________.
remaining neutral in the ongoing struggle between England and France
What was the main issue the Missouri Compromise addressed?
sectional balance between slave and free states
What development in the Caribbean posed a particularly threatening challenge to the US in the 17902?
slave revolt in Haiti
What was the major diplomatic result of secretary of state John Quincy Adams's treaties with Britain, Spain, and Russia during the Era of Good Feelings?
solidification of the nation's boundaries
The doctrine of nullification holds that __________.
states have the right to refuse to enforce federal laws and policies they deem unconstitutional
The profits made by the Boston Associates in Francis Cabot Lowell's integrated cotton mill, which opened in Waltham, Massachusetts, in 1814, allowed them to __________.
survive the British economic competition that followed the War of 1812
Whom did the War Hawks blame for the problems Americans faced along the western and southern frontiers
the British
The election of 1816 was significant because it was the last time
the Federalists ran a candidate for president
Which of these is most closely connected to the issue of nullification?
the Hartford Convention
What was the primary factor leading to rapid urbanization in the United States between 1790 and 1820?
the growth of coastal cities resulting from rapidly developing international trade
What area of the US was growing most rapidly as a result of migration between 1790-1800?
trans-Appalacian West
Compared to other New England textile mill towns, Lowell would best be described as
unique
To emphasize the heartlessness of the northern free labor system, what did southern defenders of slavery call factory workers?
wage slaves
