Chapter 9-16

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dependent personality disorder

Carrie becomes frantic when her husband goes out of town for a business trip. She is very passive and submissive in her marriage and seems incapable of making independent decisions. Based on these observations, what diagnosis best represents Carrie's behaviors?

The individual with avoidant personality disorder is unlikely to develop lasting relationships as a result of his or her ________ a. callousness. b. fear of rejection. c. desire to control others. d. lack of interest.

: b. drugs.

The most common cause of delirium is a. disease. b. drugs. c. electrolytic imbalance. d. stroke.

c. degenerative brain disease.

The most common cause of neurocognitive disorder is a. intracranial tumors. b. severe or repeated head injury. c. degenerative brain disease. d. drug toxicity.

d. vaccines that might clear away any accumulated plaques.

The most promising development in the treatment of Alzheimer's involves a. finding drugs that counteract the processes associated with inheriting high-risk ApoE allele patterns. b. preventing the degeneration of dopamine-producing cells. c. increasing the intake of vitamins and minerals known to enhance memory function. d. vaccines that might clear away any accumulated plaques.

c. includes generalized atrophy in the brain.

The neuropathology in AIDS-related dementia a. involves the formation of plaques and tangles in the brain. b. tends to result in focal damage in the brain. c. includes generalized atrophy in the brain. d. preferentially affects the frontal and temporal lobes in the brain.

d. Anterograde amnesia

The occurrence of which of the following after a head injury suggests a poor prognosis? a. Concussion b. Retrograde amnesia c. Contusion d. Anterograde amnesia

a. AIDS-related dementia.

The only neuropsychological syndrome for which antiretroviral therapy is likely to be helpful is a. AIDS-related dementia. b. multi-infarct dementia. c. vascular dementia. d. amnestic disorder.

b. Alzheimer's disease.

The particular disease that most commonly causes dementia is a. AIDS b. Alzheimer's disease. c. Huntington's disease. d. Parkinson's disease.

The fear of abandonment is seen in both borderline and dependent personality disorder. A key difference is their reaction to it:

The person with borderline personality disorder gets angry, and the person with dependent personality disorder becomes submissive.

b. The ability to recall something that happened minutes ago

What is affected in amnestic disorder? a. The ability to recall something that happened seconds ago b. The ability to recall something that happened minutes ago c. The ability to recall something that happened hours ago d. The ability to recall something that happened years ago

What core belief might explain the behavior of the individual with dependent personality disorder? a. "I am helpless." b. "I don't know who I am without you." c. "Unless I make people laugh, they will not like me." d. "Others exist to benefit me."

What do all of the Cluster A disorders have in common? a. Lack of emotional expression b. Oddness or eccentricity c. Clear link to schizophrenia d. Trust in other people

Answer: The five-factor model has perhaps been most influential in understanding personality disorders. It builds on the five-factor model of normal personality to help researchers understand the commonalities and distinctions among the different personality disorders by assessing how these individuals score on the five basic personality traits

What does the five-factor model tell us about personality disorders?

Self-mutilation, such as is seen in borderline personality disorder, is: a. a form of suicidal behavior b. a form of self-punishment c. done to reduce depression d. associated with an increase in anxiety and depression

a form of self-punishment

It has been observed that if a woman gives birth to a child with Down Syndrome before the age of 35 she has an increased risk of developing Alzheimer's. Which best explains this observation

a genetic mutation that increases the susceptibility to Alzheimer's also increases the likelihood of passing chromosomal abnormalities

what is the self-perpetuating cycle in conduct disorder

a genetic predisposition leads to a low IQ and difficult temperament, which leads to poor parenting and an insecure attachment, which leads to conduct disorder

studies of the offspring of nonschizophrenic co-twins from discordant twin pairs suggests that

a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia may remain unexpressed in some individuals unless it is released by some unknown environmental factors

Studies of the offspring of nonschizophrenic co-twins from discordant twin pairs suggest that

a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia may remain unexpressed in some individuals unless it is released by some unknown environmental factors.

Of the following, who is most likely to be an alcoholic? a. a woman with no criminal history b. a woman with multiple children c. a male with a personality disorder d. a male with multiple children

a male with a personality disorder

The central feature of alcohol amnestic disorder is: a. the presence of hallucinations b. a deep sleep, following which the individual has no memory of past events c. acute fear and extreme suggestibility d. a memory defect for recent events

a memory defect for recent events

About half of the individuals with borderline personality disorder also qualify for a diagnosis of ________ at some time. a. antisocial personality disorder b. schizophrenia c. a mood disorder d. histrionic personality disorder

a mood disorder

Antisocial personality disorder differs from the other Cluster B disorders in that: a. a lack of concern for the feelings of others is not displayed b. a need for approval or attention is not displayed c. symptoms are only present after age 15 d. it is seen equally on men and women

a need for approval or attention is not displayed

antisocial personality disorder differs from the other Cluster B disorders in that

a need for approval or attention is not displayed

The finding that temperament may play a role in the etiology of personality disorders suggests that ________

a susceptibility to the development of a personality disorder may be inherited.

In what way does therapy differ from simply talking to a friend or family member about a problem?

a therapist's interaction with a client is guided by theory

56. Antisocial personality disorder differs from the other Cluster B disorders in that ________ a. a lack of concern for the feelings of others is not displayed. b. a need for approval or attention is not displayed. c. symptoms are only present after age 15. d. it is seen equally on men and women.

b. a need for approval or attention is not displayed.

Antisocial personality disorder differs from the other Cluster B disorders in that a. a lack of concern for the feelings of others is not displayed. b. a need for approval or attention is not displayed. c. symptoms are only present after age 15. d. it is seen equally on men and women.

b. a need for approval or attention is not displayed.

Dennis has disorganized type of schizophrenia. He has lived in an institution for years. He rarely shows any attempt at socializing. A new program is started¾every time Dennis speaks to another person he is given a piece of red paper. At the end of each week, he can use the red papers to get cigarettes or extra privileges. This new program is _________ a. an in vivo exposure program. b. a token economy. c. guided exposure. d. modeling.

b. a token economy.

All drugs that people become dependent upon a. are socially acceptable. b. act on pleasure pathways in the brain. c. provide the user with renewed energy. d. produce withdrawal symptoms when use is ceased.

b. act on pleasure pathways in the brain.

Bertha has been drinking to excess for many years. She is malnourished. This is because a. alcohol has few calories. b. alcohol impairs the body's ability to utilize nutrients. c. alcoholism impairs her ability to choose healthy foods. d. alcoholism causes people to lose their appetites.

b. alcohol impairs the body's ability to utilize nutrients.

When John stopped drinking after his last week-long binge, he became very ill. He was disoriented, hallucinating, and paranoid. John seems to be experiencing a. a severe hangover. b. alcohol withdrawal delirium. c. alcohol amnestic disorder. d. alcohol-induced psychosis.

b. alcohol withdrawal delirium.

According to the tension-reduction explanation for alcoholism, a. alcoholics drink more because they are under greater stress. b. all those who experience stress-reduction following alcohol consumption are at an increased risk for alcoholism. c. alcoholics do not get "high" when they drink, they merely experience a decrease in negative mood states. d. alcohol's ability to alleviate tension should be enhanced in those with a genetic susceptibility to alcoholism.

b. all those who experience stress-reduction following alcohol consumption are at an increased risk for alcoholism.

b. anorexia nervosa, binge-eating/purging type.

Cindy is 5 ' 6" tall and weighs 92 pounds. She is very concerned about her weight. However, at times she finds herself eating large amounts of food - several boxes of cookies, gallons of ice cream, entire cakes - all in an evening. Afterwards, she makes herself throw up. Cindy's most likely diagnosis is a. bulimia nervosa, purging type. b. anorexia nervosa, binge-eating/purging type. c. anorexia nervosa, restricting type. d. no disorder.

b. anorexia nervosa, binge-eating/purging type.

The most common kind of speech-related conversion reaction is

b. aphonia

In soap operas, characters often forget their past experience following some trauma. They don't merely forget the traumatic event, they forget who they are, where they came from - they lose almost all memory of their lives. They then move to a new place and start a new identity. This would best be described as an instance of

b. dissociative fugue.

Ryan has diabetes but has no trouble functioning. One day, his wife informs him that she is leaving him. Ryan suddenly develops terrible pain in his back, to the point he is unable to get out of bed. His wife agrees to stay for "a while" to take care of him. Ryan probably has

b. pain disorder associated with psychological factors.

14. Within a dimensional approach, disordered personality traits are seen as ________ normal personality traits. a. identical to b. pathological extremes of c. the opposite of d. irrelevant to

b. pathological extremes of

One of the reasons it is difficult to know if a disruption in the serotonin system causes eating disorders is

b. people with eating disorders often have depression as well.

Which of the following appears to be an enduring personality trait of people who are susceptible to developing an eating disorder? a. neuroticism b. perfectionism c. pessimism d. individualism

b. perfectionism

A Nobel Prize winning treatment for schizophrenia was ________ a. the SSRIs. b. prefrontal lobotomies. c. ECT. d. token economies.

b. prefrontal lobotomies.

sam shows little emotion and is a loner. he has no social relationships other than his family, and he seems to experience little pleasure, if any. what personality disorder might sam have? a. paranoid b. schizoid c. borderline d. narcisisstic

b. schizoid

32. While the individual with ________ personality disorder appears cool and aloof, the individual with ________ personality disorder is best described as odd. a. avoidant; schizotypal b. schizoid; schizotypal c. schizoid; avoidant d. schizotypal; avoidant

b. schizoid; schizotypal

While the individual with ________ personality disorder appears cool and aloof, the individual with ________ personality disorder is best described as odd. a. avoidant; schizotypal b. schizoid; schizotypal c. schizoid; avoidant d. schizotypal; avoidant

b. schizoid; schizotypal

while the individual with ____ personality disorder appears cool and aloof, the individual with ____ personality disorder is best described as odd. a. avoidant; schizotypal b. schizoid; schizotypal c. schizoid; avoidant d. schizotypal; avoidant

b. schizoid; schizotypal

34. Schizophrenic disorders seem to be most strongly linked genetically to ________ personality disorder. a. schizoid b. schizotypal c. avoidant d. paranoid

b. schizotypal

Schizophrenic disorders seem to be most strongly linked genetically to ________ personality disorder. a. schizoid b. schizotypal c. avoidant d. Both A and B.

b. schizotypal

schizophrenic disorders seem to be most strongly linked genetically to ____ personality disorder a. schizoid b. schizotypal c. avoidant d. A and B

b. schizotypal

What neurotransmitter seems to be involved in both eating disorders and depression? a. dopamine b. serotonin c. GABA d. norepinephrine

b. serotonin

ECT has been found to be an effective treatment for ________ a. mild anxiety disorders. b. severe or psychotic-level depression. c. grand mal epilepsy. d. schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder.

b. severe or psychotic-level depression.

John has a great need for order and perfectionism. He can't leave the house until every hair is in place, and he has been known to iron the same shirt over and over to ensure that he is wrinkle-free. What personality disorder does John's behavior suggest? a. Avoidant b. Dependent c. Obsessive-compulsive d. Narcissistic

c. Obsessive-compulsive

Which of the following is the most significant barrier to getting an alcoholic into treatment? a. The availability of alcohol b. The detoxification process c. Overcoming denial d. Finding a suitable treatment program

c. Overcoming denial

Loretta has a long history of first idealizing men and then feeling they have abandoned her. Feelings of emptiness change into reckless acts of sexual promiscuity, gambling, and suicide attempts. She feels that she has never had a sense of self. Loretta probably has ________ personality disorder.

borderline

39. Histrionic personality disorder is most likely to be diagnosed in people who ________ a. are emotionally unexpressive and prefer living alone. b. later develop schizophrenic symptoms. c. are attention-seeking and overly emotional. d. depend on others because they do not feel competent.

c. are attention-seeking and overly emotional.

Histrionic personality disorder is most likely to be diagnosed in people who a. are emotionally unexpressive and prefer living alone. b. later develop schizophrenic symptoms. c. are attention-seeking and overly emotional. d. depend on others because they do not feel competent.

c. are attention-seeking and overly emotional.

In contrast to schizoid individuals, those with avoidant personality disorder a. are emotional and dramatic. b. are impulsive and self-destructive. c. are extremely upset by their lack of social relationships. d. are exploitive rather than compliant.

c. are extremely upset by their lack of social relationships

12. The behavioral patterns of individuals with personality disorders ________ a. tend to fluctuate over time. b. tend to normalize with experience as an individual matures. c. are thought to be relatively consistent over time, with little adaptation to new kinds of experiences. d. are remarkable in their tendency to shift dramatically from one kind of disorder to another.

c. are thought to be relatively consistent over time, with little adaptation to new kinds of experiences.

The behavioral patterns of individuals with personality disorders a. tend to fluctuate over time. b. tend to normalize with experience as an individual matures. c. are thought to be relatively consistent over time, with little adaptation to new kinds of experiences. d. are remarkable in their tendency to shift dramatically from one kind of disorder to another.

c. are thought to be relatively consistent over time, with little adaptation to new kinds of experiences.

The behavioral patterns of individuals with personality disorders a. tend to fluctuate over time b. tend to normalize with experience as an individual matures c. are thought to be relatively consistent over time, with little adaptations to new kinds of experiences d. are remarkable in their tendency to shift dramatically from one kind of disorder to another

c. are thought to be relatively consistent over time, with little adaptations to new kinds of experiences

2. Individuals with personality disorders ________ a. comply with societal expectations. b. reject societal expectations. c. are unable to function adequately in society. d. have a strong sense of self.

c. are unable to function adequately in society.

Individuals with personality disorders a. comply with societal expectations b. reject societal expectations c. are unable to perform some roles expected by society d. have a strong sense of self

c. are unable to perform some roles expected by society

Individuals with personality disorders a. comply with societal expectations. b. reject societal expectations. c. are unable to perform some roles expected by society. d. have a strong sense of self.

c. are unable to perform some roles expected by society.

Punishment is a component of _______ _ a. EMDR therapy. b. modeling. c. aversion therapy. d. systematic desensitization.

c. aversion therapy.

Sharon says, "I would love to be in an intimate relationship. My life is terribly boring and lonely. But I am extremely shy and I would fall apart if any man criticized me in the slightest." This description best matches the symptoms of ________ personality disorder. a. antisocial b. dependent c. avoidant d. borderline

c. avoidant

Why are family attitudes about obesity important? a. because they reflect the genetic influences on obesity b. because they will cause people to be happier when obese c. because the consequences are likely to remain with us d. they aren't - peer influence is more important

c. because the consequences are likely to remain with us

Individuals with somatoform disorders

c. believe that their symptoms are real and serious.

Some people always think that everyone is looking at them and talking about them, wishing to be like them. This self-focused view of the world would be expected in someone with ________ personality disorder. a. borderline b. histrionic c. narcissistic d. paranoid

c. narcissistic

Some people always think that everyone is looking at them and talking about them, wishing to be like them. this self-focused view of the world would be expected in someone with _____ personality disorder a. borderline b histrionic c. narcissistic d. paranoid

c. narcissistic

The individual with ________ personality disorder is likely to be described as rigid and cold. a. borderline b. histrionic c. obsessive-compulsive d. dependent

c. obsessive-compulsive

A good example of psychotherapy being used as a guardian of the status quo ________ a. occurs when psychotherapy is viewed as a set of tools rather than a system of ethics. b. is when a Rogerian therapist takes a nondirective approach with a client. c. occurred when psychiatry was used as a means of political control in the former Soviet Union. d. happens when therapists disregard their therapeutic approach and use whatever technique works for the client.

c. occurred when psychiatry was used as a means of political control in the former Soviet Union.

55. Children with an early history of ________ are most likely to later develop antisocial personality disorder. a. attention-deficit disorder b. attachment disorder c. oppositional defiant disorder d. depression

c. oppositional defiant disorder

Recent estimates suggest that about 50 percent of those with DID have

c. over ten identities.

The best description of the biological component of personality disorders is a. they are directly inherited disorders. b. they have no biological component, they are learned. c. personality traits are inherited that predispose a person to developing a personality disorder. d. people inherit the trait of anxiety, which underlies all of the personality disorders and predisposes people to developing a personality disorder.

c. personality traits are inherited that predispose a person to developing a personality disorder.

borderline

Transient psychotic and dissociative experiences can occur in ________ personality disorder. a. borderline b. antisocial c. narcissistic d. obsessive-compulsive

borderline

Which of the following is a Cluster B personality disorder? a. depressive b. schizoid c. paranoid d. borderline

borderline

dennis has disorganized type of schizophrenia. He has lived in an institution for years. He rarely shows any attempt at socializing. A new program is started-- every time Dennis speaks to another person he is given a piece of red paper. At the end of each week, he can use the red papers to get cigarattes or extra priveleges. This new program is

a token economy

a token economy is

a type of contingency managment

Patients in a catatonic stupor ________

a virtual absence of all movement.

what is usually used as a placebo in a study of psychosocial treatments

a wait list

what is usually used as a placebo in a study of psychosocial treatment

a with list

an example of a person exhibiting paranoid schizophrenia

a woman who believes she is being persecuted because she is helen of troy

a. "I am helpless."

In a survey of mental health professional and racial identity, ____ of psychiatrists identified themselves as African American. a. 2% b. 5% c. 10% d. 12%

a. 2%

Drug abuse and dependence are most common in what age group and in what type of community? a. childhood; rural communities b. adolescence and young adulthood; college communities c. middle age; affluent suburban communities d. adolescence and young adulthood; affluent suburban communities

adolescence and young adulthood; college communities

community based treatment programs are now referred to as

after care programs

Heavy drinking during pregnancy, especially the early part, often causes: a. down syndrome in the child b. incomplete fusion of the spinal canal in the child c. aggressiveness and withdrawal in the child d. premature birth and higher rates of still-births

aggressiveness and withdrawal in the child

which is believed to be essential for effective treatment

agreement between the client and the therapists about the goals of the treatment

selctive intervention programs that teach adolescents social skills and enhance feelings of competency are

aimed at increasing self-esteem and reducing the influence of negative peer pressure

Korsakoff's psychosis is now known as: a. alcoholic withdrawal b. alcohol withdrawal delirium c. delirium tremens d. alcohol amnestic disorder

alcohol amnestic disorder

Which of the following is a consequence of organic impairment resulting from long-term substance use, as opposed to being a consequence of drug toxicity? a. alcohol amnestic disorder b. alcoholic intoxication c. amphetamine delusional disorder d. cannabis delirium

alcohol amnestic disorder

Bertha has been drinking to excess for many years. She is malnourished. This is because: a. alcohol has few calories b. alcohol impairs the body's ability to utilize nutrients c. alcoholism impairs her ability to choose healthy foods d. alcoholism causes people to lose their appetites

alcohol impairs the body's ability to utilize nutrients

Which of the following is a diagnosis found in the DSM-5? a. alcoholism b. alcoholic syndrome disorder c. substance-interdependence disorder d. alcohol use disorder

alcohol use disorder

When John stopped drinking after his last week-long binge, he became very ill. He was disoriented, hallucinating, and paranoid. John seems to be experiencing: a. a severe hangover b. alcohol withdrawal delirium c. alcohol amnestic disorder d. alcohol-induced psychosis

alcohol withdrawal delirium

According to the tension-reduction explanation for alcoholism: a. alcoholics drink more because they are under greater stress b. all those who experience stress-reduction following alcohol consumption are at an increased risk for alcoholism c. alcoholics do not get "high" when they drink, they merely experience a decrease in negative mood states d. alcohol's ability to alleviate tension should be enhanced in those with a genetic susceptibility to alcoholism

all those who experience stress-reduction following alcohol consumption are at an increased risk for alcoholism

Which type of treatment for alcoholism has been found to be most effective? a. inpatient treatment b. outpatient treatment c. twelve-step programs d. all were about equal

all were about equal

glutamate is an excitatory neurotransmitter that researchers suspect might be involved with schizophrenia

alterations in glutamate levels can produce schizophrenic-like symptoms in normal subjects

Glutamate is an excitatory neurotransmitter that researchers suspect might be involved in schizophrenia because

alterations in glutamate levels can produce schizophrenic-like symptoms in normal subjects.

Glutamate is an excitatory neurotransmitter that researchers suspect might be involved in schizophrenia because ________

alterations in glutamate levels can produce schizophrenic-like symptoms in normal subjects.

Universal interventions are concerned with two key tasks:

altering conditions that cause disorders and establishing conditions that doster positvie mental health

Benzedrine is a(n): a. amphetamine b. appetite stimulant c. narcotic d. cough suppressant

amphetamine

it has been suggested that the symptoms seen in autism might reflect a problem with the function of the

amygdala

with respect to how he or she functions in relationships, an individual with mild mental retardation is most comparable to

an adolescent

The central problem of schizoid personality disorder is: a. recurrent depression b. a marked disregard for the feelings of others c. cognitive and perceptual distortions d. an inability to form attachments to other people

an inability to form attachments to other people

The central problem of schizoid personality disorder is ________

an inability to form attachments to other people.

an attorney says "my client has a mental disorder that made it impossible at the time of the crime to have intended..."

an insanity defense

Which basic personality traits from the five-factor model seem most important in the development of paranoid personality disorder? a. introversion and openness to feelings b. excitement seeking and neuroticism c. antagonism and neuroticism d. fantasy proneness and tough mindedness

antagonism and neuroticism

After the car accident, Sherry was unable to remember what happened from the time of the crash until the following morning. Sherry appears to have experience

anterograde amnesia

the occurence of which after a head injury suggests poor prognosis

anterograde amnesia

________ personality disorder is much more common in men than women and involves the exploitation of others without remorse. a. antisocial b. histrionic c. borderline d. paranoid

antisocial

Children of mothers who use crack: a. are likely to have fetal crack syndrome b. usually have no physical or mental problems c. are at risk for being mistreated by their mothers d. are at higher risk for anxiety disorders and ADHD

are at risk for being mistreated by their mothers

girls with conduct disorder

are at risk for teen pregnancy

Histrionic personality disorder is most likely to be diagnosed in people who: a. are emotionally unexpressive and prefer living alone b. later develop schizophrenic symptoms c. are attention-seeking and overly emotional d. depend on others because they do not feel competent

are attention-seeking and overly emotional

Negative symptoms

are characterized as an absence or deficit of normal behaviors.

genetic factors

are clearly involved in the more severe forms of retardation

In contrast to schizoid individuals, those with avoidant personality disorder: a. are emotional and dramatic b. are impulsive and self-destructive c. are extremely upset by their lack of social relationships d. are exploitive rather than compliant

are extremely upset by their lack of social relationships

in contrast to schizoid individuals, those with avoidant personality disorder

are extremely upset by their lack of social relationships

tarasoff style laws

are in a majority of states but vary quite a bit

Extrapyramidal side effects

are involuntary movements that result mainly from taking first-generation antipsychotic drugs.

According to Paris' multidimensional theory of borderline personality disorder (BPD), people with high levels of impulsivity and affective instability

are likely to develop BPD if they are exposed to trauma

According to Paris' multidimensional theory of borderline personality disorder (BPD), people with high levels of impulsivity and affective instability: a. are likely to develop BPD in response to even minor stressors b. are likely to develop BPD if they are exposed to trauma c. come mainly from intact homes and are unlikely to develop BPD d. come to enjoy acting out

are likely to develop BPD if they are exposed to trauma

by definition, learning disorders

are not due to a physical defect

Endorphins: a. have been found to play a role in ending drug use b. are opium-like substances produced by the body c. are opium-like substances created synthetically to replace heroin d. are overproduced in the brains of addicts

are opium-like substances produced by the body

The research on the association between borderline personality disorder and childhood sexual abuse: a. proves child sexual abuse is the leading cause of borderline personality disorder b. are problematic - the abuse most likely is occurring with other factors that might be more important c. has shown that the reports of sexual abuse were mostly false reports d. suggests that some genetic component underlies both the disorder in the child and the parents' tendency to abuse

are problematic - the abuse most likely is occurring with other factors that might be more important

The behavioral patterns of individuals with personality disorders: a. tend to fluctuate over time b. tend to normalize with experience as an individual matures c. are thought to be relatively consistent over time, with little adaptation to new kinds of experiences d. are remarkable in their tendency to shift dramatically from one kind of disorder to another

are thought to be relatively consistent over time, with little adaptation to new kinds of experiences

Studies on neurocognition have found that people with schizophrenia

are unable to pay attention on demand

studies on neurocognition have found that people with schizophrenia

are unable to pay attention on demand

Individuals with personality disorders: a. comply with societal expectations b. reject societal expectations c. are unable to perform some roles expected by society d. have a strong sense of self

are unable to perform some roles expected by society

Tics

are usually associated with severe behavioral problems

children with ADHD that have symptoms of hyperactivity

are usually viewed negatively by their peers because of their behaviors

the incidence of Down Syndrome increase

as the age of the parents increases

cognitve behavioral therapy

assumes that thinking influences emotion, motivation, and behavior

among children, the most commonly diagnosed disorders are

attention deficit/hyperactivty disorder and separation anxiety disorders

mild to moderate diffuse brain damage is most likely to result in

attention deficits

Self-mutilation, such as is seen in borderline personality disorder, is a. a form of suicidal behavior. b. a form of self-punishment. c. done to reduce depression. d. associated with an increase in anxiety and depression.

b. a form of self-punishment.

Which basic personality traits from the five-factor model seem most important in the development of schizoid personality disorder? a. low agreeableness and high antagonism b. high introversion and low openness to feelings c. high introversion and low agreeableness d. low excitement seeking and high fantasy proneness

high introversion and low openness to feelings

Which basic personality traits from the five-factor model seem most important in the development of dependent personality disorder?

high neuroticism and high agreeableness

A major advantage of the atypical antipsychotic drugs is that ________ a. they work better than the conventional ones. b. they work for more people than the conventional ones. c. they have a low risk of movement-related side effects. d. they last longer than the conventional ones.

c. they have a low risk of movement-related side effects.

A son of a critical father comes to therapy one day and with no provocation is extremely hostile in his remarks to the therapist. The therapist might consider that ________ is occurring. a. free association b. countertransference c. transference d. resistance

c. transference

Alcohol withdrawal delirium a. occurs when alcohol and other drugs are used simultaneously. b. most commonly occurs in alcoholics who suffer from a mood or personality disorder. c. typically lasts from three to six days. d. is characterized by dissociative and amnesic symptoms.

c. typically lasts from three to six days.

Project Northland demonstrated that

community wide "no-use" norms for teens can be taight

which of the following is probably the most iportant factor in determining the functioning of a child who undergoes significant traumatic brain injury

competencies acquired before the injury

what has been found to be the most effective approach to the treatment of enuresis

conditioning procedures

divorce, hostility, and lack of monitoring are family characteristics most closely associated with

conduct disorder

Symptoms of what disorder are present in individuals who later develop antisocial personality disorder? a. attention-deficit disorder b. attachment disorder c. conduct disorder or oppositional defiant disorder d. depression

conduct disorder or oppositional defiant disorder

symptoms of what disorder are present in individuals who later develop antisocial personality disorder

conduct disorder or oppositional defiant disorder

______ is to antisocial personality disorder as ______ is to conduct disorder

conduct disorder; ODD

in order of diagnosis, _____ occurs before antisocial personality disoder just as _____ occurs before conduct disorder

conduct disorder; ODD

which behavior pattern is extremely unlikely to be found in a child with conduct disorder

constant worry about minor issues

Lawrence, a hypochondriac, gains a great deal of attention from his family when he complains about health problems; they tend to ignore him when he talks about other topics. A behavior therapist has instructed the family to reverse these responses: ignore the complaints and reinforce other topics. What kind of treatment does this best illustrate?

contingency management

Which of the following best explains why cognitive-behavioral therapy is a logical approach to the treatment of eating disorders?

d. Both thoughts and behaviors need to be altered to achieve a lasting outcome.

Which basic personality traits from the five-factor model seem most important in the development of dependent personality disorder? a. high neuroticism and high agreeableness b. high introversion and low conscientiousness c. high fantasy proneness and low neuroticism d. high excitement seeking and low openness to feelings

high neuroticism and high agreeableness

Which of the following personality disorders is most likely to be mistaken for schizophrenia? a. Avoidant b. Borderline c. Schizoid d. Schizotypal

d. Schizotypal

consistent with its established role in memory, neurons in the ______ suffer much damage in Alzheimer's

hippocampus

which of the following is a brain area that has been shown to be involved in schizophrenia

hippocampus

Which of the following is a form of behavior therapy that is commonly used in the treatment of anxiety disorders? a. Rational emotive behavior therapy b. Stress-inoculation therapy c. Gestalt therapy d. Systematic desensitization

d. Systematic desensitization

Which of the following is the strongest predictor of a person developing bulimic symptoms?

d. The amount of critical comments family members made about the person's appearance

Who is most likely to develop antisocial personality disorder? a. A child with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder b. A child with oppositional defiant disorder c. A child with conduct disorder d. A child with conduct disorder and A or B

d. a child with conduct disorder and A or B

The central feature of alcohol amnestic disorder is a. the presence of hallucinations. b. a deep sleep, following which the individual has no memory of past events. c. acute fear and extreme suggestibility. d. a memory defect for recent events.

d. a memory defect for recent events.

An example of dissociative trance disorder is

d. a person who believes he or she is at times possessed by a spirit and is extremely upset because of this.

People find Adam difficult to be around. His behavior is unpredictable and erratic but most often is annoying to others. He doesn't seem to learn from his bad experiences, instead he keeps repeating the same mistakes over and over. His family says Adam has been like this since at least junior high school. Adam most likely has a. a mood disorder. b. an anxiety disorder. c. a dissociative disorder. d. a personality disorder.

d. a personality disorder

People find Adam difficult to be around. His behavior is unpredictable and erratic but most often is annoying to others. he doest seem to learn from his bad experiences, instead he keeps repeating the same mistakes over and over. His family says adam has been like this since at least junior high school. Adam most likely has: a. a mood disorder b. an anxiety disorder c. a dissociative disorder d. a personality disorder

d. a personality disorder

13. People find Adam difficult to be around. His behavior is unpredictable and erratic but most often is annoying to others. He doesn't seem to learn from his bad experiences, instead he keeps repeating the same mistakes over and over. His family says Adam has been like this since at least junior high school. Adam most likely has ________ a. a mood disorder. b. an anxiety disorder. c. a dissociative disorder. d. a personality disorder.

d. a personality disorder.

The outcome of psychotherapy is usually dependent on whether the therapist and client achieve ________ a. a certain similarity of personal style. b. mutual self-disclosure. c. an explicit therapeutic contract. d. a productive working alliance.

d. a productive working alliance.

What are the characteristics of those with narcissistic personality disorder?

involves an exaggerated sense of self-importance, a need for admiration, and lack of empathy for the feelings of other people

what is the value of research that monitors children at high risk for schizophrenia for a long time

it can identify factors that precede breakdown and aid intervention efforts

How has psychodynamic therapy changed over time

it focuses on all relationships, not just early experiences

the new antianxiety drug Buspar has the advantage that

it has a low potential for abuse

studies of adopted children who were at high risk for developing schizophrenia found that which of the following appeared to increase the likelihood that these children would show high levels of thought disorders? a. vague, confusing, and unclear communication b. physical abuse c. permissive parenting d. divorce

vague, confusing, and unclear communication

for which person is aftercare liekly to be helpful because the person will fir the services typically offered

ned, who has had several schizophrenic episodes

"My father and I swiggered to the beach yesterday." This is an example of a

neologism

"my father and i swiggered to the beach yesterday" is an example of

neologism

"My father and I swiggered to the beach yesterday." This is an example of a ________

neologism.

the most effective medical treatment for Tourette's syndrome is

neuroleptics such as haloperidol

what is the relationship between oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder

virtually all children who develop conduct disorder have oppositional defiant disorder first

The fact that a significant number of monozygotic twins share the same placenta, while no dizygotic twins do, suggests that

we may have overestimated the influence of genetics in schizophrenia

the fact that a significant number of monozygotic twins share the same placenta, while no dizygotic twins do, suggests that

we may have overestimated the influence of genetics in schizophrenia

The fact that a significant number of monozygotic twins share the same placenta, while no dizygotic twins do, suggests that ________

we may have overestimated the influence of genetics in schizophrenia.

We are likley to find that most of the children with autistic disorder

were identified as having the disorder before they were three years old

Opium and heroin: a. were originally used by physicians as pain relievers b. have always been two of the most abused illegal drugs c. induce euphoria but do not reduce pain d. control pain only if they are used to cause unconsciousness

were originally used by physicians as pain relievers

The typical course of alcohol-related disorder a. is always a continuous and gradual decline. b. is a rapid decline followed by abstinence. c. is a gradual decline followed by increasing physical problems. d. is varied but often progresses from early to late stage disorder.

d. is varied but often progresses from early to late stage disorder

The mindset of people with bulimia and people with anorexia

d. is very different - people with anorexia don't seem bothered by other people's opinion (usually distress) about them and people with bulimia are very concerned and will do their best to hide their disorder.

Prozac is a ________ a. GABA agonist. b. monoamine oxidase inhibitor. c. neuroleptic. d. selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor.

d. selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor.

A dysfunction in which of the following neurotransmitters has been observed in both anorexics and bulimics? a. dopamine b. epinephrine c. GABA d. serotonin

d. serotonin

Which of the following is a medication currently approved by the FDA for use in the treatment of obesity? a. amphetamine b. phentermine c. fenfluramine d. sibutramine

d. sibutramine

The occurrence of withdrawal symptoms a. indicates that substance abuse has developed. b. is necessary for a diagnosis of substance abuse. c. is seen when use of any psychoactive substance is terminated. d. signals that the body has adjusted to the presence of the drug.

d. signals that the body has adjusted to the presence of the drug.

After bariatric surgery,

d. some patients regain their weight, but most lose a great deal of weight.

After bariatric surgery, a. patients stay normal weight the rest of their lives. b. some patients do not lose any weight. c. most patients do not survive. d. some patients regain their weight, but most lose a great deal of weight

d. some patients regain their weight, but most lose a great deal of weight.

One of the goals of ________ is changing the organization of the family such that the family members behave more supportively toward each other. a. integrative behavioral couple therapy b. classical psychoanalytic family therapy c. transference-focused psychotherapy d. structural family therapy

d. structural family therapy

Involvement in an abusive relationship (as the one who is abused) would be most expected of the individual with ________ personality disorder.

dependent

Involvement in an abusive relationship (as the one who is abused) would be most expected of the individual with ________ personality disorder. a. antisocial b. borderline c. dependent d. schizotypal

dependent

People who lack self-confidence despite good skills, who panic at the possibility of being separated from their spouse, and remain in abusive relationships have many of the symptoms of ________ personality disorder. a. histrionic b. dependent c. avoidant d. narcissistic

dependent

A clinical psychologist who said that maladaptive behaviors are shared between members of a relationship and not just the responsibility of an individual would be in harmony with therapists who take the ________ approach.

family therapy

which of the following is most likely to be used in the treatment of selective mutism

family therapy

The individual with avoidant personality disorder is unlikely to develop lasting relationships as a result of his or her ________

fear of rejection

The individual with avoidant personality disorder is unlikely to develop lasting relationships as a result of his or her: a. callousness b. fear of rejection c. desire to control others d. lack of interest

fear of rejection

the individuals with avoidant personality disorder is unlikely to develop lasting relationships as a result of

fear of rejection

children with separation anxiety disorder

fear separation from major attachment figures and worry they will die once it happens

the durham rule

focused on the cause of an unlawful act

Antisocial personality disorder differs from psychopathy in that antisocial personality disorder ________

focuses more on criminality

Antisocial personality disorder differs from psychopathy in that antisocial personality disorder: a. is an older diagnosis b. focuses more on personality characteristics c. focuses more on observable behaviors

focuses more on observable behaviors

damage to the temporal lobes of the brain is most likely to result in

forgetfullness

which of the following has been associated with autism

fragile x syndrome

Avoidant personality disorder is extremely similar to and hard to distinguish from ________

generalized social phobia

Avoidant personality disorder is extremely similar to and hard to distinguish from: a. generalized social phobia b. schizoid personality disorder c. generalized anxiety disorder d. paranoid personality disorder

generalized social phobia

avoidant personality disorder is extremely similar to and hard to distinguish from

generalized social phobia

Schizophrenia is best described as a ________

genetically influenced multiple gene disorder

schizophrenia is best described as

genetically influenced multiple gene disorder

Schizophrenia is best described as a

genetically influenced multiple gene disorder.

Which basic personality traits from the five-factor model seem most important in the development of obsessive compulsive personality disorder?

high conscientiousness and low compliance

Which basic personality traits from the five-factor model seem most important in the development of obsessive compulsive personality disorder? a. high conscientiousness and low compliance b. high extraversion and high openness to feelings c. high excitement seeking and low openness to feelings d. high fantasy proneness and high agreeableness

high conscientiousness and low compliance

Which basic personality traits from the five-factor model seem most important in the development of histrionic personality disorder? a. low openness to feelings and high fantasy proneness b. high extraversion and high neuroticism c. high neuroticism and low agreeableness d. high conscientiousness and low assertiveness

high extraversion and high neuroticism

Which basic personality traits from the five-factor model seem most important in the development of borderline personality disorder?

high impulsivity and affective instability

Which basic personality traits from the five-factor model seem most important in the development of borderline personality disorder? a. high extraversion and low fantasy proneness b. high impulsivity and affective instability c. high antagonism and low neuroticism d. high agreeableness and low excitement seeking

high impulsivity and affective instability

Which basic personality traits from the five-factor model seem most important in the development of avoidant personality disorder?

high introversion and high neuroticism

Which basic personality traits from the five-factor model seem most important in the development of avoidant personality disorder? a. high extraversion and low openness to feelings b. high introversion and high neuroticism c. high antagonism and low neuroticism d. high agreeableness and high angry hostility

high introversion and high neuroticism

In contrast to some other treatment programs, Alcoholics Anonymous: a. offers both group and one-on-one support b. is successful, but only with severe alcoholics who have "hit bottom" c. uses primarily psychodynamic interventions, although advocates of AA would disagree d. has a low dropout rate

offers both group and one-on-one support

A physical condition that leads to dementia is likely to reference

on both Axis 1 and Axis 3

most cases of early-onset Alzheimer's disease appear to be caused by

one of several rare genetic mutations

the text reported the case of a three year old autistic boy who was reinforced initially for picking up eyeglass frames, then for holding them, then for carrying them around, and then for putting the frames on his head. This is an example of

response shaping

The "alcohol flush reaction": a. is seen during alcohol withdrawal b. produces a spike in blood pressure and body temperature c. results from an inability to metabolize alcohol d. might explain the reduced rate of alcoholism seen among Native American peoples

results from an inability to metabolize alcohol

Very recent research suggests that having a lower IQ may itself be an independent ________

risk factor for developing schizophrenia.

Donna has borderline personality disorder. She is in therapy, but progress is slow. One problem is that some days she thinks her therapist is the most wonderful person in the world. On other days, she thinks he is worthless and untrustworthy. This type of thinking is called

splitting

focal brain damage is most likely to be a consequence of

stroke

Which of the following is a common personality characteristic of those who later abuse alcohol? a. overly sensitive to the feelings of others b. high tolerance for frustration c. strong need for praise and admiration d. over-certainty of ability to fulfill expected gender roles

strong need for praise and admiration

which of the following best explains why mood disorders are more characteristic of vascular dementia (VAD) than of Alzheimer's disease

subcortical areas are more affected in VAD

which of the following is correct about changes for the diagnosis of schizophrenia in the DSM-5 a. it will not be included in the DSM 5 b. subtypes were removed but the diagnosis of schizophrenia will remain c. only the paranoid subtype remains d. only the catatonic subtype remains

subtypes of schizophrenia were removed but the diagnosis of schizophrenia will remain

it is important to do a thorough physical examination, to rule out problems, before diagnosing encopresis because these children often

suffer from constipation

when symptoms of mental retardatino are not apparent until after the age of 17

the diagnosis would be dementia; not mental retardation

one disadvantage of early descriptions of schizophrenia, such as kraeplin's use of the term "demetia praecox" is that

the did not distinguish between the varying types of schizophrenia that we know about today

the term "demence precoce" was used by benedict Morel to describe schizophrenia and to also explain

the difference between schizophrenia and dementias of old age

why has the attempt to reduce the drug supply from other countries not reduced the rate of adolescent substance abuse

the drugs most abused by adolescents are alcohol and tobacco, which are easily available

what is the major difference between a diagnosis of schizophrenia and schizophreniform disorder

the duration of symptoms

What doctrine came out of the original Tarasoff v. Regents of the University of California et al. case?

the duty to warn

there is a new trend to focus on dopamine receptor sensitivity rather than on dopamine itself because

there is no strong evidence that people with schizophrenia have too much dopamine

There is a new trend to focus on dopamine receptor sensitivity rather than on dopamine itself because

there is no strong evidence that people with schizophrenia have too much dopamine.

which person described below is the typical client in psychotherapy

there is no typical client

in the mid-1900s, prefrontal lobotomies were popular as a treatment because

there weren't many other available treatments

children with autism often have additional problems such as

encopresis and sleep problems

Involvement in an abusive relationship (as the one who is abused) would be most expected of the individual with ________ personality disorder. a. antisocial b. borderline c. dependent d. schizotypal

Delusions are ________

erroneous beliefs held despite clear contradictory evidence.

which of the following statements about therapy is true

even people who are happy and successful can still benefit from therapy

Neuroimaging studies suggest that ________ personality disorder is associated with increased amygdala activation in emotion-inducing situations. a. antisocial b. narcissistic c. schizoid d. borderline

prefrontal cortex

Neurologically, it has been shown that individuals with antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) exhibit deficits in structure and function of the ________

the best predictor of overall functioning over time for someone with schizophrenia is

how severe the person's negative symptoms are

_____ therapies developed in reaction to problems of alienation, loneliness, and failure to find meaning in life

humanistic existential

The histrionic seeks ________, while the narcissist needs ________. a. attention; admiration b. acceptance; admiration c. admiration; attention d. acceptance; approval

shortly after birth, Darren's head began to grow. at age 5, a shunt was placed in his skull to drain fluid...

hydrocephaly

childhood anxiety disorders are associated with each of the following factors except

a deficit in conditionability to aversive stimuli

key ideas in gestalt therapy are

integratino of mind and body, dream interpretation, and emotional impasse

Which of the following drugs is MDMA structurally similar to? a. methamphetamine and LSD b. cocaine and mescaline c. methamphetamine and mescaline d. cocaine and LSD

methamphetamine and mescaline

Kraepelin used the term "praecox" to convey that schizophrenia typically develops early in life. The actual age of onset of the condition in men typically is during the ________

mid-twenties.

Hallucinations are

sensory experiences with no basis in reality

which of the followng is a form of behavioral therapy that is commonly used in the treatment of anxiety disorders

systematic desensitization

Indicated prevention emphasizes

the early detection and prompt treatment of maladaptive behavior in a person's community setting

indicated prevention emphasizes

the early detection and prompt treatment of maladaptive behvaior in a person's community setting

one criticism of traditional behavioral couple therapy has been

the emphasis on change

why is it that people with narcissistic personality disorder are unlikely to seek treatment

they think they are nearly perfect and in no need of change

traditional behavioral couples therapy

uses training in communication skills and problems solving to increase caring behaviors in couples

early onset alzheimer's affects people in their

40's

A significant portion of the individuals with borderline personality disorder also qualify for a diagnosis of ________ at some time. a. antisocial personality disorder b. schizophrenia c. a mood disorder d. histrionic personality disorder

Answer: A personality disorder involves personality traits and behavior patterns that are maladaptive, inflexible, and not readily adaptive to new situations. The behavior patterns are stable and of long duration. They do not stem from reactions to stress, but involve the gradual development of behavior patterns. They usually significantly impair social or occupational functioning and in some cases cause a good deal of subjective emotional distress.

Briefly describe the general characteristics of a personality disorder.

Which of the following is a brain area that has been shown to be involved in schizophrenia?

Hippocampus

Which of the following is an example of a negative symptom of schizophrenia?

Karen no longer socialized with her friends.

Personality disorders can be misdiagnosed more easily than other categories of disorder in part because ________ a. criteria are not as sharply defined. b. many people with personality disorder are inclined to file lawsuits. c. conduct disorders are hidden by family members and employers. d. maladaptive behavioral patterns are common in the general population.

are different from individuals diagnosed with obsessive-compulsive disorder in that those with OCPD do not have true obsessions or compulsive rituals.

Persons with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (OCPD) ________

a. penetrating head injury.

Phineas Gage had a a. penetrating head injury. b. closed-head injury. c. skull fracture. d. contusion.

b. having a favorable life situation to return to.

Positive outcomes following a traumatic brain injury are associated with: a. being young. b. having a favorable life situation to return to. c. experiencing severe cognitive impairment. d. later intervention.

Avoidant personality disorder is extremely similar to and hard to distinguish from a. generalized social phobia. b. schizoid personality disorder. c. generalized anxiety disorder. d. paranoid personality disorder.

a. generalized social phobia.

29. A cognitive explanation for schizoid personality disorder proposes that the individual with this disorder believes that ________ a. he is basically alone. b. few people can be trusted. c. no one can live up to his or her expectations. d. he is misunderstood.

a. he is basically alone.

Carol is involved in a time-limited therapy where she is encouraged to look at how she uses past schemas developed from her relationships with parents and others to understand her current relationships. Carol's therapist appears to be using __________ in her work with Carol. a. interpersonal therapy b. behavioral activation therapy c. Gestalt therapy d. self-therapy

a. interpersonal therapy

Which of the following complicates the study of personality traits and eating disorders?

b. Personality may be altered by malnourishment.

The main use of lithium is for ________ a. anxiety disorders. b. personality disorders. c. major depressive disorder. d. bipolar disorder.

d. bipolar disorder.

what types of delusions are most commonly seen in Alzheimer's disease

delusions of persecution

In research studies, in addition to failing to learn to avoid punishment, psychopaths: a. did not cognitively understand the connection between a behavior and its consequence b. felt a great deal of anticipatory anxiety about punishment, leading to impulsive behaviors c. did not show normal fear potential startle responses d. showed larger than normal fear potential startle responses

did not show normal fear potential startle responses

a psychotesapist says to her client, "say whatever comes to your mind, no matter hoe strange or painful it might seem." the psychotherapist is encouraging

free association

People with schizophrenia often show poor performance on tasks like the Wisconsin Card Sorting Task, which is thought to indicate a dysfunction of the

frontal lobe

people with schizophrenia often show poor performance on tasks like the Wisconsin Card Sorting Task, which is thought to indicate a dysfunction of the

frontal lobe

Emotional dyscontrol and personality alterations are expected with

frontal lobe damage

ursula has been diagnosed with schizophrenia. If PET scans were done to measure her brain's activity, which would probably be underactive

frontal lobes

autism is similar to schizophrenia in its

impact on multiple functions

Individuals with schizoid and paranoid personality disorders differ significantly in their: a. ability to function b. display of psychotic symptoms c. level of emotionality d. likelihood of recovery

level of emotionality

Antidepressants are used to treat all of the following EXCEPT

schizophrenia

Major brain damages

sometimes cause minor changes and sometimes major ones

which is not a problem with benzodiazepines

tardive dyskinesia

the history of abnormal psychology makes it clear that

the field can be profoundly changed through individual effort

when is peer influence most powerful for high risk teens

when there is a lack of adult supervision

a doctor prescribing lithium should never say

"we are going to 'target dose' your lithium: when you feel symptoms coming on take your medication

Lori just found out that she is pregnant. Her husband has schizophrenia. What is her unborn child's risk of developing schizophrenia?

10%

b. affects awareness.

. Delirium a. develops slowly. b. affects awareness. c. can occur in a person of any age. d. reflects severe brain damage.

b. one of several rare genetic mutations.

. Most cases of early-onset Alzheimer's disease appear to be caused by a. environmental exposure to toxins. b. one of several rare genetic mutations. c. HIV or some other autoimmune disease. d. a combination of psychoactive drug abuse and poor nutrition.

y work indirectly: It allows infections to occur that cause brain damage.

. What is the relationship between the HIV-1 virus and brain damage? a. The virus itself never causes brain damage, only peripheral damage to the skin. b. The virus may work indirectly: It allows infections to occur that cause brain damage. c. The virus does not lead to brain damage, but the disease so affects patients that their psychotic reactions mimic those of brain damage. d. The virus is more likely to multiply in a brain that has already been damaged by brain trauma or some other cause of tissue loss.

a. The skull is designed to support as much as 3 tons of weight.

. Which of the following statements about the brain is true? a. The skull is designed to support as much as 3 tons of weight. b. The brain is protected only by the skull. c. The human brain typically weights about 5 pounds. d. Brain damage rarely results in cognitive changes.

Parkinson's disease

. ___________is the second most common neurodegenerative disease after Alzheimer's disease.

the brain begins to decrease in size at age

late onset Alzheimer'ss disease has been linked to a gene on chromosome

A rigorous study conducted by the Swedish army showed that young men who use cannabis by age 18 are _____ times more likely to develop schizophrenia than those who don't.

People who have had a hospital contact for a head injury have what percentage of an increase in their later risk for schizophrenia?

On average about _________ schizophrenia brain and __________ healthy control brains are donated to the tissue brain bank maintained by the National Institute of Mental Health each year.

9, 13

b. a penetrating head injury.

A bullet is most likely to cause a. a closed-head injury. b. a penetrating head injury. c. amnestic disorder. d. multi-infarct dementia.

c. Predisorder intellectual competence

A person who has experienced destruction of brain tissue may have widespread or limited behavioral deficits. The outcome depends upon which of the following? a. Gender b. Ethnicity c. Predisorder intellectual competence d. Income

According to the chapter, which of the following statements is correct? a. There is more variance for personality disorders across cultures than within cultures. b. There is more variance for personality disorders within cultures than between cultures. c. There is no difference in variance for personality disorders across cultures and within cultures. d. Personality disorders do not occur in cultures other than the United States.

d. depression.

According to your text, what can double the risk of acquiring Alzheimer's Disease? a. anxiety. b. psychosis. c. blindness d.depression.

d. did not know what happened.

After being hit on the head, Bob experienced some retrograde amnesia. Those who were there knew this because he a. was unconscious. b. had a concussion. c. could not remember his name. d. did not know what happened.

a. tell you whom he or she met 5 minutes ago

An individuals with amnestic disorder is likely to be unable to ____________. a. tell you whom he or she met 5 minutes ago b. describe the house he or she grew up in c. repeat an address he or she was just told d. demonstrate how to ride a bike

b. anterograde amnesia.

After the car accident, Sherry was unable to remember what happened from the time of the crash until the following morning. Sherry appears to have experienced a. amnestic disorder. b. anterograde amnesia. c. retrograde amnesia. d. dissociative fugue.

"I am a person who has an affliction-I cannot drink like social drinkers. Spiritual change may help me in recovering from my addiction, but I will be an alcoholic for life." The person who said this would feel most comfortable in ________. a. relapse prevention b. Alcoholics Anonymous c. aversive conditioning treatment d. a replacement program

Alcoholics Anonymous

successful psychopaths

In a study looking at successful and unsuccessful psychopaths living in a community, _________ showed greater heart rate reactivity under stress than other groups evaluated.

moderate heritability

Most temperamental and personality traits have been found to have ________

Which of the following could be described as "short-term" schizophrenia?

Schizophreniform disorder

lithium was once used

as a salt substance

punishment is a component of

aversion therapy

Behavior activation treatment

d. emphasizes activity and involvement in interpersonal relationships.

dementia in HIV

might be due to the HIV virus directly attacking brain cells

which of the following is sociocultural effort toward universal prevention

public education

One-on-one psychotherapy for people with schizophrenia

seems to be very effective when combined with medication

the most common childhood anxiety disorder is ______

separation anxiety disorder

cross cultural studies of tics find that

the average age of tic onset appears to be universal

schizophrenia occurs in about _______ of the general population

1 out of 100

the lifetime prevalence for schizophrenia is_____

According to Paris (2007), a key causal factor in borderline personality disorder seems to be ________ a. inconsistent or highly punitive discipline in childhood. b. impulsivity and affective instability interacting with such factors as trauma or loss. c. a negative attributional style. d. an inability to empathize with other people.

the only neuropsychological syndrome for which antiviral therapy is likley to be helpful is

AIDS related dimensia

What are endophenotypes?

Discrete, stable, and measurable traits thought to be under genetic control

"I am helpless."

Which of the following core dysfunctional beliefs might explain the development of histrionic personality disorder? a. "I need a man to define me." b. "I am the only one I can trust." c. "I am completely helpless." d. "If I am not fun, they will abandon me."

"If I am not fun, they will abandon me."

Randy has been dependent on alcohol for at least ten years. Drinking has ruined his marriage, his occupational standing, and his health. If a friend told Randy that he needed to enter treatment, and Randy responded the way most alcohol dependent people do, he would probably say: a. "Alcohol is my enemy but I don't think I am strong enough to combat it." b. "I have an addictive personality and without help, I will never overcome my addiction." c. "You have a very good point; I need to do some serious thinking about getting treatment." d. "Who do you think you are attacking me? You are the one with the problem."

"Who do you think you are attacking me? You are the one with the problem."

which of the following is most likely to be characteristic of a physically aggressive Alzheimer's disease patient?

delusions of persecution

delusions are

disturbances in the content of thought

Delusions are

disturbances in the content of thought.

most evidence suggests that, if schizophrenia is inherited, it

involves a multitude of genes that work in concert

Schizophrenia occurs in about ________ of the general population.

1 out of 100

Lori just found out that she is pregnant. Her husband has schizophrenia. What is her unborn child's risk of developing schizophrenia?

10 percent

How many schizophrenia samples were combined into a single analysis by the Schizophrenia Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium?

150,000

A cognitive explanation for schizoid personality disorder proposes that the individual with this disorder believes that ________ a. he is basically alone. b. few people can be trusted. c. no one can live up to his or her expectations. d. he is misunderstood.

b. increase levels of acetylcholine.

A hypothetical drug that might improve the cognitive functioning of Alzheimer's patients would probably a. decrease levels of acetylcholine. b. increase levels of acetylcholine. c. increase levels of beta amyloid. d. decrease the activity of all genes that produce ApoE.

Which of the following people is more likely exhibiting paranoid schizophrenia?

A woman who believes she is being persecuted because she is Helen of Troy

The occurrence of which of the following after a head injury suggests a poor prognosis? A. Anterograde amnesia B. Contusion C. Retrograde amnesia D. Concussion

A. Anterograde amnesia

Brain damage is the root cause of Neurocognitive Disorder Characterized by Profound Memory Impairment except in the case of ________, which is sometimes reversible with vitamin therapy. A. Korsakoff's syndrome B. vascular dementia C. Alzheimer's disease D. AIDS-related dementia

A. Korsakoff's syndrome.

Franklin is 72 years old. His daughter notes his failing memory and tells the doctor she thinks Franklin has Alzheimer's. The doctor notes Franklin's depressed mood and unsteadiness on his feet, and diagnoses Franklin with _________ . A. vascular dementia. B. amnestic disorder. C. early-onset Alzheimer's disease. D. late-onset Alzheimer's disease.

A. vascular dementia.

According to Paris' multidimensional theory of borderline personality disorder (BPD), people with high levels of impulsivity and affective instability ________ a. are likely to develop BPD in response to even minor stressors. b. are likely to develop BPD if they are exposed to trauma. c. come mainly from intact homes and are unlikely to develop BPD. d. come to enjoy acting out.

Which of the following statements is true about alcohol use? a. Alcoholism is extremely serious but rarely fatal. b. Alcoholism is more common in women that in men. c. Alcoholism increases the risk of suicide. d. Alcoholism is strongly associated with accidental death, but not with violent acts.

Alcoholism increases the risk of suicide.

c. psychological conditions can signal the onset of brain damage.

All of the following are reasons why cognitive disorders are addressed in an abnormal text EXCEPT a. these disorders are considered to be psychopathological conditions. b. some brain disorders cause symptoms that look like mood and anxiety disorders. c. psychological conditions can signal the onset of brain damage. d. brain damage can lead to psychological symptoms.

the particular disease that most commonly causes dementia is

Alzheimer's disease

An employee evaluation states: "He takes what he wants rather than earns it. He hates routine and boredom more than anything else. Thrill-seeking and impulsive actions have gotten him fired from this job. It will get him fired at many others." What kind of disorder does the employee illustrate? a. Histrionic personality disorder b. Psychopathy c. Borderline personality disorder d. Substance abuse

b. may or may not have psychopathological symptoms.

An individual with neuropsychological damage a. will almost always evidence moderate to severe psychopathology, including hallucinations and delusions. b. may or may not have psychopathological symptoms. c. usually manifests symptoms of psychopathology that are the opposite of the person's predisorder personality. d. will develop psychopathological symptoms only when areas of the frontal cortex have been damaged.

For bipolar patients, the risk of relapse after discontinuing lithium is ________ a. roughly 50 percent within six months. b. not much higher than when people remain on the medication. c. extremely unlikely. d. about 15 percent, but only for people who have experienced repeated bouts with mania.

Answer: a. roughly 50 percent within six months.

Adam and Beth are both being treated for alcohol dependence by being given medications. Adam's medication makes him vomit if he drinks after taking it. Beth's medication reduces her craving for alcohol. Most likely Adam is taking ________; Beth is taking ________. a. methadone; Naltrexone b. Naltrexone; methadone c. methadone; Antabuse d. Antabuse; Naltrexone

Antabuse; Naltrexone

which basic personality traits from the five-factor model seem most important in the development of paranoid personality disorder?

Antagonism and neuroticism

_____ personality disorder is much more common in men than women and involves the exploitation of others without remorse.

Antisocial

Antisocial personality disorder differs from psychopathy in that antisocial personality disorder ________ a. is an older diagnosis. b. focuses more on personality characteristics. c. focuses more on criminality. d. is a less severe and more treatable form of the disorder

Antisocial personality disorder differs from the other Cluster B disorders in that ________ a. a lack of concern for the feelings of others is not displayed. b. a need for approval or attention is not displayed. c. symptoms are only present after age 15. d. it is seen equally on men and women.

Artiss developed conduct disorder early. Bestram developed conduct disorder late. This suggests that

Artiss will have a higher likelihood of adult antisocial personality disorder

As a corporate work colleague's psychopathy scores increase, so too does his/her ________ a. ratings of being angry and disrespectful. b. ratings of being a good communicator and strategic thinker. c. potential for workplace violence. d. probability of being married

At a young age, children are not able to understand that the world that others experience is different from their own. Children also tend to overestimate their own abilities. A failure to outgrow these youthful characteristics might explain the development of ________ personality disorder. a. antisocial b. borderline c. histrionic d. narcissistic

What type of hallucinations are the most common?

Auditory

Avoidant personality disorder is extremely similar to and hard to distinguish from ________ a. generalized social phobia. b. schizoid personality disorder. c. generalized anxiety disorder. d. paranoid personality disorder

If the cause of dementia is organic, this will be referenced on _______. If the cause stems from self-inflicting brain damage this will be referenced on ______

Axis 1 and Axis 3; axis 1

Amphetamine psychosis resembles______. A. Korsakoff's Syndrome. B. Paranoid Schizophrenia. C. Acute Hypertension. D. Borderline Personality Disorder.

B. Paranoid Schizophrenia.

Carl has psychopathy. You would expect him to ________ a. be very concerned about possible punishment and to try to avoid it as much as possible. b. be very interested in rewards and to continue his behavior even when the rewards don't come as often as they did previously. c. only be interested in rewards occasionally and change his behavior quickly if rewards don't come as often as they did previously. d. be equally interested in rewards and punishments and do his best to get the first and avoid the second.

At low levels, alcohol's effect on the brain is ________; at higher levels, alcohol's effect is ________. A. depressive; excitatory B. to activate the brain's "pleasure centers"; to depress brain functioning C. to inhibit glutamate (an excitatory neurotransmitter); release opium-like endorphins D. too minimal to have an impact; massive and excitatory

B. to activate the brain's "pleasure centers"; to depress brain functioning

Why is the use of medication for borderline personality disorder controversial?

Because it is frequently associated with suicidal behavior

c. Lionel, because he is more likely to be motivated to recover.

Before the accident, Bob was unemployed and had few friends. Lionel, who suffered comparable head trauma, was a successful businessman and had just married. Which of these men should have the more favorable outcome and why? a. Bob, because his lack of responsibilities will permit him to focus on getting well. b. Bob, because he will benefit from relearning basic social skills. c. Lionel, because he is more likely to be motivated to recover. d. There is no reason to expect that these men will have different outcomes.

What is a stressor that has been found to increase the risk of developing schizophrenia?

Being a recent immigrant

Which of the following is an example of a delusion?

Bob thought the CIA was controlling his thoughts.

Both of Mary's parents have been diagnosed with schizophrenia. Bob has an identical twin who has schizophrenia. Who is more likely to develop schizophrenia and why?

Bob, because he has inherited the same susceptibility that his twin is expressing.

Which of the following best explains why it is such a challenge to treat personality disorders?

By definition, they are enduring patterns of thought and behavior.

Which of the following best explains why it is such a challenge to treat personality disorders? a. They develop early in life. b. The diagnostic criteria for these disorders suffers from subjectivity. c. Comorbid diagnoses are the norm, not the exception. d. By definition, they are enduring patterns of thought and behavior.

By definition, they are enduring patterns of thought and behavior.

Adam and Beth are both being treated for alcohol dependence by being given medications. Adam's medication makes him vomit if he drinks after taking it. Beth's medication reduces her craving for alcohol. Most likely Adam is taking ________; Beth is taking ________. A. Naltrexone; methadone B. methadone; Naltrexone C. Antabuse; Naltrexone D. methadone; Antabuse

C. Antabuse; Naltrexone

Which of the following is not one of the brain abnormalities characteristic of Alzheimer's disease first identified by Alois Alzheimer? A. Neurofibrillary tangles B. Amyloid plaques C. Hydrocephaly D. Atrophy

C. Hydrocephaly

What type of treatment focuses primarily on clients learning to recognize situations that are likely to trigger drinking? A. Motivational Enhancement Therapy B. Abstinence Violation Prevention C. Relapse Prevention Treatment D. Alcoholics Anonymous

C. Relapse Prevention Treatment.

b. are at extraordinarily high risk for depression.

Caregivers of patients with Alzheimer's disease a. experience "social death." b. are at extraordinarily high risk for depression. c. show high levels of ApoE, even if they do not show any outward anxiety symptoms. d. are likely to show signs of cognitive deterioration.

Studies of monochorionic and dichorionic twins

offer further evidence of the role of the prenatal environment in schizophrenia.

Children with an early history of ________ are most likely to later develop antisocial personality disorder. a. attention-deficit disorder b. attachment disorder c. oppositional defiant disorder d. depression

Which statement about crack cocaine use is accurate? a. Because crack cocaine is inexpensive, users do not have the life problems seen in other addicted populations. b. Chronic users develop sexual dysfunctions and a disinterest in sex. c. Fetal crack syndrome is as distinct and damaging as fetal alcohol syndrome. d. Because crack cocaine is associated with passivity and depression, chronic users are less likely to die a violent death than other addicted populations.

Chronic users develop sexual dysfunctions and a disinterest in sex.

Individuals who seem odd and eccentric to others may have personality disorders from: a. Cluster A b. Cluster B c. Cluster C d. proposed diagnostic categories needing further study

Cluster A

Cluster __________ Personality disorders include avoidant and dependent personality disorders

Cluster __________ personality disorders include histrionic and borderline personality disorders.

Cluster __________ personality disorders include schizoid and schizotypal personality disorders

Which type of training has an emphasis on helping patients deal with their neurocognitive deficits?

Cognitive remediation training

Cognitive-behavioral treatment for people with schizophrenia tries to help them ________

Answer: While both disorders are characterized by a lack of social contact, the motivation behind the exhibited social isolation differs. Avoidant individuals (Cluster C) are too frightened to initiate relationships. Although alone, the avoidant personality very much wants to be with others but is afraid of rejection. Schizoid individuals (Cluster A) are alone because they have no desire to be with others and are emotionally uninvolved.

Compare and contrast avoidant and schizoid personality disorders.

Answer: Both disorders are characterized by a need for attention, but the motivation underlying this need differs. The histrionic personality desires attention in order to feel valued and may use manipulative means to get the attention he or she craves. The narcissistic personality appears to believe that he or she has great value, but seeks admiration to confer this belief. While the histrionic desires any attention and will do whatever is needed to get it, the narcissist desires admiration and praise. Both disorders are characterized by vanity and a lack of concern for the emotions of others. These are personality types that are needy, but in different ways. Histrionic personality disorder is a more common diagnosis for women, while narcissism is more commonly diagnosed in men. GRADING RUBRIC: 8 points total. 2 points for each of 2 similarities and 2 points for each of 2 differences.

Compare and contrast histrionic and narcissistic personality disorder.

Answer: People with paranoid personalities are not usually psychotic. Most of the time they are in clear contact with reality. During periods of high stress, however, they may experience transient psychotic symptoms that last from a few minutes to a few hours (APA, 2013). People with schizophrenia share some symptoms found in paranoid personality, but they have many additional problems including more persistent loss of contact with reality, delusions, and hallucinations. Nevertheless, individuals with paranoid personality disorder do appear to be at elevated liability for schizophrenia.

Compare and contrast paranoid personality disorder and schizophrenia.

a. hippocampus

Consistent with its established role in memory, neurons in the ________ suffer much damage in Alzheimer's disease. a. hippocampus b. hypothalamus c. thalamus d. amygdala

Sam shows little emotion and is a loner. He has no social relationships, other than his family, and he seems to experience little pleasure, if any. What personality disorder might Sam have? a. Paranoid b. Schizoid c. Borderline d. Narcissistic

Why are estimates of the prevalence of drug dependence likely to be inaccurate? a. Many people who think they have a problem don't. b. Twelve-step programs have become the treatment of choice. c. Treatment is often not available when it is sought. d. Many people do not seek help.

Many people do not seek help.

schizotypal personality disorder.

Frances is a college student majoring in Classics and the Greek language. She earns good grades and works part-time. Frances is known to practice white magic. She participates in rituals and spell-casting with a local coven. She can often be heard talking in elvish in an attempt to connect with characters from Lord of the Rings. If Frances has a personality disorder, her behavior is most consistent with a diagnosis of ________

While most antianxiety drugs act on ________, Buspar acts primarily on ________.

GABA; serotonin

five

The __________-factor model has been the most influential in integrating research on personality disorders.

Glenna believed that Sam loved her and that she could not live without him. When he told her he did not want to see her again, she became violently angry and manipulated him into staying with her by threatening suicide. Which of the following personality disorder does Glenna's behavior suggest she might have? a. Narcissistic b. Histrionic c. Dependent d. Borderline

Which of the following is true about the connection between psychopathy and antisocial personality disorder?

Many people who have antisocial personality disorder do not have psychopathy.

Greg has been diagnosed with schizoid personality disorder. Knowing this, which of the following jobs would he be most likely to enjoy? a. Night security guard who works alone b. Receptionist at a busy dentist's office c. Insurance inspector who uncovers clues that criminal behavior has occurred d. Elementary school teacher who works with children who have emotional problems

Which of the following seems to have the most impact in decreasing criminal activities among people with psychopathy and antisocial personality disorder?

Growing older

Cluster B

Hannah has been diagnosed with a personality disorder. She has a tendency to be dramatic, emotional, and erratic. What DSM cluster does Hannah's pattern of behaviors fall under?

Harold is perfectionistic and extremely concerned with maintaining a set routine. He probably suffers from ________ personality disorder. a. schizoid b. obsessive-compulsive c. dependent d. avoidant

What is a methodological flaw in studies of cannabis use and schizophrenia?

People in the early stages of psychosis may just be more inclined to try drugs.

Sara notices a lump on her side. She goes to her physician because she is worried that it is cancer. The physician sends her for a biopsy. During the three weeks between first noticing the lump and getting her results that it is not cancer, Sara was almost unable to function. She felt constant anxiety and thought constantly about having cancer. After she found out that she did not have cancer, Sara felt much better. Sara

Has no mental disorder

Ursula has been diagnosed with schizophrenia. If PET scans were done to measure her brain's activity, which area would probably be underactive?

The frontal lobes

Hattie has a dependent personality disorder. This means that she ________ a. experiences little distress in her life. b. has difficulty in initiating relationships. c. has acute discomfort when she is alone. d. prefers being alone rather than being with people who might criticize her.

Helen is suspicious and doubts the loyalty of even her friends. She is unwilling to forgive perceived insults and never forgets a grudge. She is most likely to be diagnosed with ________ personality disorder. a. paranoid b. histrionic c. schizoid d. schizotypal

Helena has avoidant personality disorder. She is likely to ________ a. engage in a series of intense, unstable relationships. b. have no interest in social relationships. c. avoid achievement situations where she might fail. d. be hypersensitive to any sign of criticism or rejection.

Psychodynamic

Henry has a personality disorder. His psychotherapist has suggested that Henry developed his personality disorder during early childhood as the result of excessive gratification of his impulses by his parents. Henry's therapist has explained the development of Henry's disorder using a _____________ theoretical perspective.

Henry was a charming middle-aged man who came to the attention of authorities on bigamy charges. He had a long history of courting and supposedly marrying elderly widows, then absconding with their money. His diagnosis is most likely ________ a. narcissistic personality disorder. b. borderline personality disorder. c. histrionic personality disorder. d. antisocial personality disorder.

Which of the following traits associated with histrionic personality disorder are more common in men than in women?

High excitement seeking and low self-consciousness

Which of the following is a brain area that has been shown to be involved in schizophrenia? a. Parietal lobe b. Occipital lobe c. Hippocampus d. Hypothalamus

Hippocampus

less

Histrionic personality disorder is __________ common in Asian cultures than in the United States.

The individual with avoidant personality disorder behaves most similarly to someone with ________ personality disorder. a. antisocial b. borderline c. schizoid d. schizotypal

Histrionic personality disorder is most likely to be diagnosed in people who ________ a. are emotionally unexpressive and prefer living alone. b. later develop schizophrenic symptoms. c. are attention-seeking and overly emotional. d. depend on others because they do not feel competent

what disorders are in Cluster B personality disorders?

Histrionic, narcissistic, antisocial, and borderline personality disorder

What is the main difference between Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) and Obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder (OCPD)?

People with OCPD do not have true obsessions or compulsions like people with OCD have.

The Cluster A personality disorders are all alike in that they are characterized by odd behaviour. This cluster includes the paranoid, schizoid, and schizotypal personality disorders. All disorders share some common features with schizophrenia, but it is only thought that schizotypal personality disorder is related to schizophrenia. The paranoid personality is characterized by extreme suspicion and distrust. This is the individual who can't forgive even the smallest perceived slight. The paranoid personality is always looking for someone to do him or her wrong, but he or she is not psychotic. Despite the prevalent paranoia, the paranoid personality is firmly in touch with reality. The schizoid personality shows some of the negative symptoms of schizophrenia, social withdrawal and flat affect. This is the loner, who prefers to be alone and seems to take pleasure in nothing. The schizotypal personality is best described as odd and eccentric. They may show some bizarre thinking, but are generally in touch with reality.

Describe and differentiate between the Cluster A personality.

What is the role of the mesocorticolimbic dopamine pathway (MCLP) A. It explains why genetically vulnerable individuals have altered brain wave patterns. B. It metabolizes all psychoactive drugs. C. It is the area of the brain that is destroyed by alcohol and leads to amnestic disorder. D. It is the area of the brain that is activated by drugs and that produces euphoria.

D. It is the area of the brain that is activated by drugs and that produces euphoria.

Suddenly, Lavinia is unable to remember what she was doing. She screams that bugs are crawling all over the walls. She begins to wildly swing her arms around. She can't fall asleep at night, but finally falls asleep at daylight. Lavinia most likely has ________ . A. dementia. B. depression. C. focal brain damage. D. delirium.

D. delirium.

a. temporal; frontal

Damage to the ________ lobes of the brain is most associated with memory loss; damage to the ________ lobes of the brain is most associated with passivity or impulsiveness. a. temporal; frontal b. parietal; occipital c. frontal; temporal d. parietal; temporal

d. forgetfulness.

Damage to the temporal lobes of the brain is most likely to result in a. passivity. b. impulsivity. c. blindness. d. forgetfulness.

b. is usually reversible.

Delirium a. is usually permanent. b. is usually reversible. c. rarely is a medical emergency. d. is characterized by a decline from a previously attained level of functioning.

a. rapid; gradual

Delirium has a ________ onset and dementia has a ________ onset. a. rapid; gradual b. extensive brain damage; localized brain damage c. slow recovery; rapid recovery d. interference with complex processing; interference with simple processing

d. normal age-related changes in the brain.

Delirium is thought to be more common in the elderly due to a. their weakened immune systems. b. their relative lack of physical and mental activity. c. chemical imbalances. d. normal age-related changes in the brain.

a. acute; chronic

Delirium is to dementia as ________ is to ________. a. acute; chronic b. diffuse; focal c. biological; psychological d. old; young

d. may be due to the HIV virus directly attacking brain cells.

Dementia in HIV a. is always due to secondary infections that attack the brain. b. is a common side effect of antiviral therapy. c. results from acute damage to temporal lobe structures. d. may be due to the HIV virus directly attacking brain cells.

paranoid

Demetrius always questions the loyalty of his friends and is suspicious of the motives of others. He is quick to hold a grudge and is easily angered. Demetrius's behavior is most consistent with a diagnosis of _________ personality disorder.

Answer: The Cluster A personality disorders are characterized by odd behavior. This cluster includes the paranoid, schizoid, and schizotypal personality disorders. All disorders share some common features with schizophrenia, but it is thought that only schizotypal personality disorder is related to schizophrenia. The paranoid personality is characterized by extreme suspicion and distrust. This is the individual who can't forgive even the smallest perceived slight. The paranoid personality is always on the lookout for someone who has done him or her wrong, but he or she is not psychotic. Despite the prevalent paranoia, the paranoid personality is firmly in touch with reality. The schizoid personality shows some of the negative symptoms of schizophrenia, social withdrawal and flat affect. This is the loner, who prefers to be alone and seems to take pleasure in nothing. The schizotypal personality is best described as odd and eccentric. They may show some bizarre thinking, but are generally in touch with reality.

Describe and differentiate between the Cluster A personality disorders.

Dialectical behavior therapy is ________ a. a promising, problem-focused treatment for borderline personality disorder. b. a long-term therapy for borderline personality disorder that focuses on personality change. c. an old, long-term therapy for borderline personality disorder that has been found to be ineffective. d. a short-term therapy for borderline personality disorder that involves medication and brief hospitalization.

Answer: The two subtypes of narcissism are Grandiose and Vulnerable. A key research finding has been that the grandiose and vulnerable forms of narcissism are associated with different causal factors. (1) The grandiose presentation of narcissism is manifested by traits related to grandiosity, aggression, and dominance, a strong tendency to overestimate their abilities and accomplishments while underestimating the abilities and accomplishments of others. There is some evidence that grandiose narcissism is associated with parental overvaluation. (2) Vulnerable narcissists have a very fragile and unstable sense of self-esteem, and for them, arrogance and condescension is merely a façade for intense shame and hypersensitivity to rejection and criticism. They may avoid interpersonal relationships due to fear of rejection or criticism. Vulnerable narcissism has been associated with emotional, physical, and sexual abuse, as well parenting styles characterized as intrusive, controlling, and cold.

Discuss the two subtypes of narcissistic personality disorder and the possible causes posited for each subtype.

A mother constantly demands that her son show her how much she is loved, but when he tries to hug her she yells at him to be more discreet. No matter what the child does, he is wrong. Further, the mother prohibits him from commenting on this paradox. What does this interaction pattern best illustrate?

Double-bind communication

Early criminal behavior is most characteristic of ________ a. antisocial personality disorder. b. borderline personality disorder. c. schizoid personality disorder. d. schizotypal personality disorder.

antisocial personality disorder.

Early criminal behaviour is most characteristic of: antisocial personality disorder. borderline personality disorder. schizoid personality disorder. schizotypal personality disorder.

d. 40s.

Early-onset Alzheimer's disease affects people in their a. teens. b. 20s. c. 30s. d. 40s.

a. it appears to be caused by rare genetic mutations.

Early-onset Alzheimer's disease differs from late-onset in that a. it appears to be caused by rare genetic mutations. b. symptoms invariably involve delusions and assaultive behavior. c. genetics play little or no causal role. d. environmental factors have no impact on the onset or the progression of the disorder.

Emily calls her husband every day at work to ask him what she should make for dinner. She spends her days at her mother's, because Emily worries that something will go wrong in her own home that she won't be able to handle. Even though she paints and draws well, Emily has never tried to take a class or use her talent, because she says she knows she really isn't good enough. Emily's most likely diagnosis is ________ a. borderline personality disorder. b. dependent personality disorder. c. schizoid personality disorder. d. paranoid personality disorder.

vulnerable narcissist

Emily tells her therapist that her husband is dishonest, conceited, arrogant, and demanding but also frequently expresses feelings of shame and self-doubt. Based on these behaviors, Emily's therapist feels that her client is married to a ________

c. frontal lobe damage.

Emotional dyscontrol and personality alterations are expected with a. amnestic syndrome. b. vascular dementia. c. frontal lobe damage. d. prolonged oxygen deprivation.

Which of the following is an example of a negative symptom?

Emotional unresponsiveness

Which of the following is an example of a negative symptom? a. Hallucinations b. Emotional unresponsiveness c. Emotional turmoil d. Delusions

Emotional unresponsiveness

Why might Kraepelin's idea that schizophrenia was similar to dementia not be as far from the truth as previously thought?

Evidence suggests that there sometimes are progressive changes in brain volume over time in people with schizophrenia

Why might Kraepelin's idea that schizophrenia was similar to dementia not be as far from the truth as previously thought?

Evidence suggests that there sometimes are progressive changes in brain volume over time in people with schizophrenia.

What complicates the use of Antabuse in the treatment of alcoholism? a. While it lessens cravings, it does nothing to improve negative mood states. b. There is a risk of dependence. c. It has to be administered intravenously. d. Exposure to all alcohol must be avoided.

Exposure to all alcohol must be avoided.

For every three men diagnosed with schizophrenia, only two women are. Which of the following reasons might explain this?

Females with schizophrenia have less severe symptoms so may be misdiagnosed.

a. stroke.

Focal brain damage is most likely to be a consequence of a. stroke. b. oxygen deprivation. c. poison ingestion. d. malnutrition.

reacts with feelings of emptiness or rage; is submissive and urgently seeks out a new relationship to fill the void

For both borderline and dependent personality disorders, fear of abandonment is prominent as a clinical feature. However, the borderline personality _________________, while the dependent personality _______________.

acting-out behaviors can be contained

For persons with severe personality disorders, treatment may be most effective in settings or situations where ________

What is the value of research that monitors children at high risk for schizophrenia for a long time?

It can identify factors that precede breakdown and aid in intervention efforts.

how often are medications and therapy combined today

research suggests that over half of those in treatment receive both psychotherapy and medication

Hope believes that she is the "star" of her graduate class and that the other students dislike her because they are jealous of her superior intelligence. She believes that she is entitled to be exempted from an important exam because of her outstanding performance in class. Hope probably suffers from ________ a. histrionic personality disorder. b. narcissistic personality disorder. c. dependent personality disorder. d. schizoid personality disorder

narcissistic personality disorder.

Hope believes that she is the 'star' of her graduate class and that the other students dislike her because they are jealous of her superior intelligence. She believes that she is entitled to be exempted from an important exam because of her outstanding performance in class. Hope probably suffers from: histrionic personality disorder. narcissistic personality disorder. dependent personality disorder. schizoid personality disorder.

Answer: Temperament is inherited and may predispose people to develop particular personality traits and disorders. This can make personality disorders seem inherited, but it is the traits that predispose people to the disorders that are inherited.

How does temperament relate to personality disorders?

d. Accompanying mood disorders are more common.

How does vascular dementia differ from Alzheimer's disease? a. It is not progressive. b. It occurs at an earlier age. c. The early clinical picture is more homogeneous than that seen in Alzheimer's disease. d. Accompanying mood disorders are more common.

chromosome 4

Huntington's disease is rare and caused by an autosomal dominant gene on __________.

Impulsivity and extreme instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, and mood best characterize ________ a. histrionic personality disorder. b. antisocial personality disorder. c. avoidant personality disorder. d. borderline personality disorder

amyloid plaques

In Alzheimer's disease, __________ are deposits of sticky protein.

narcissistic

In Western cultures, personal ambition and success are encouraged and reinforced. Consequently, the percentage of persons diagnosed with ________ personality disorder is higher than in other, non-Western cultures.

groups of people are observed before a disorder appears and are followed over a period of time to see which individuals develop problems.

In a prospective study, ________

is more inclusive and reflects a lot of criminality; is more narrow and much more focused on personality structure

In comparing the criteria for antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) with that of an earlier diagnosis of psychopathy, it has been agreed that the two diagnoses have a lot of overlap. However, the diagnosis of ASPD _______________, whereas the diagnosis of psychopathy ____________.

In contrast to schizoid individuals, those with avoidant personality disorder ________ a. are emotional and dramatic. b. are impulsive and self-destructive. c. are extremely upset by their lack of social relationships. d. are exploitive rather than compliant.

a. brain tissue must be examined.

In order for a diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease to be definitively made a. brain tissue must be examined. b. symptoms must be present for over two years. c. the afflicted individual must exhibit delirium at least 50 percent of the time. d. plaques and tangles must be visible on an MRI.

In research studies, in addition to failing to learn to avoid punishment, psychopaths ________ a. did not cognitively understand the connection between a behavior and its consequence. b. felt a great deal of anticipatory anxiety about punishment, leading to impulsive behaviors. c. did not show normal fear-potentiated startle responses. d. showed larger than normal fear-potentiatedstartle responses

d. Neurocognitive Disorders

In the DSM-5, the disorders now known as "Delirium, Dementia, and Amnestic and Other Cognitive Disorders" will be part of a newly proposed category called ________________. a. Delirium and Dementia Disorders b. Cognitive Disorders c. Neurological Disorders d. Neurocognitive Disorders

In which of the following disorders is a comorbid diagnosis of depression most commonly seen? a. Antisocial personality disorder b. Obsessive compulsive personality disorder c. Borderline personality disorder d. Histrionic personality disorder

introversion; two facets associated with openness to experience

Individuals diagnosed with schizoid personality disorder show high levels of ________ and score low on _____________ when personality traits are assessed using the five-factor model.

non-suicidal self-injury

Individuals who deliberately damage their body tissue through actions such as cutting or burning but do not express a desire to commit suicide or die are said to be engaging in ______________.

Individuals who seem odd and eccentric to others may have personality disorders from ________ a. Cluster A. b. Cluster B. c. Cluster C. d. diagnostic categories that are not yet established.

Individuals with personality disorders ________ a. comply with societal expectations. b. reject societal expectations. c. are unable to function adequately in society. d. have a strong sense of self.

are unable to perform some roles expected by society.

Individuals with personality disorders: comply with societal expectations. reject societal expectations. are unable to perform some roles expected by society. have a strong sense of self.

Individuals with schizoid and paranoid personality disorders differ significantly in their ________ a. ability to function. b. display of psychotic symptoms. c. level of emotionality. d. likelihood of recovery.

d. A genetic mutation that increases susceptibility to Alzheimer's disease also increases the likelihood of passing on chromosomal abnormalities.

It has been observed that if a woman gives birth to a child with Down syndrome before the age of 35, she has an increased risk of developing Alzheimer's disease. Which of the following best explains this observation? a. The same gene underlies both Down syndrome and Alzheimer's disease. b. Women under 35 are not emotionally mature enough to manage a child with mental retardation. c. Multiple copies of the APOE-4 allele increase the likelihood of both conditions. d. A genetic mutation that increases susceptibility to Alzheimer's disease also increases the likelihood of passing on chromosomal abnormalities.

people with personality disorders have rigid, ingrained personality traits that often lead to poor therapeutic relationships.

It has been suggested that individuals with personality disorders are less responsive to psychological treatment because ________

b. brain damage can result in symptoms that look like psychological conditions.

It is important that mental health professionals have an understanding of the effects of brain damage because a. most of their patients will have brain damage. b. brain damage can result in symptoms that look like psychological conditions. c. many of the medications used to treat psychopathology cause brain damage. d. the effects of most forms of brain damage are reversible.

c. difficulty recalling recent events

It is suspected that June is in the early stages of Alzheimer's disease. Which of the following symptoms would suggest this? a. persistent delusions b. loss of contact with reality c. difficulty recalling recent events d. excessive neatness and an intrusive interest in others' affairs

What is the role of the mesocorticolimbic dopamine pathway (MCLP)? a. It is the area of the brain that is activated by drugs and that produces euphoria. b. It is the area of the brain that is destroyed by alcohol and leads to amnestic disorder. c. It metabolizes all psychoactive drugs. d. It explains why genetically vulnerable individuals have altered brain wave patterns.

It is the area of the brain that is activated by drugs and that produces euphoria.

Which statement about Project MATCH is accurate? a. It showed that matching a client's personality to a form of treatment makes no difference. b. It proved that treatment based on Alcoholics Anonymous is superior to other forms of treatment. c. It showed that treatments only work when they are carefully matched with the personality profiles of the clients in them. d. It proved that therapists must establish warm relationships with their clients in order for therapy to be effective.

It showed that matching a client's personality to a form of treatment makes no difference.

c. impairment of emotional modulation.

Jerry had a stroke several months ago. Among the changes his family has noticed is that he now blows up over little things, cries over minor problems, and laughs at anything, no matter how silly. Jerry is showing a. focal brain damage. b. impairment of receptive and expressive communication. c. impairment of emotional modulation. d. affective blunting.

What evidence is there that the legal definition of alcohol intoxication (a blood alcohol content of 0.08) should be changed? a. Most alcohol-related accidents occur at much lower blood alcohol levels. b. Most alcohol-related accidents occur at much higher blood alcohol levels. c. Few people show any impairment at this blood alcohol level. d. Judgment becomes impaired long before this blood alcohol level is reached.

Judgment becomes impaired long before this blood alcohol level is reached.

The drug that can create a state most like psychosis is: a. amphetamine b. LSD c. heroin d. marijuana

LSD

c. 19.

Late-onset Alzheimer's disease has been linked to a gene on chromosome a. 7. b. 14. c. 19. d. 21.

Like many individuals with personality disorders, individuals with histrionic personality disorder are rarely able to maintain relationships over time. Why? a. Their extreme distrust makes lasting relationships impossible. b. Their self-reliance leads them to feel that they do not need anyone else. c. Their exaggerated sense of self-importance is generally off-putting. d. Their need for attention and manipulation is likely to drive others away.

Lori is vain and self-centered. When she goes out, it is not at all uncommon for her to do things that ensure she is the center of attention. Her close friends describe her as a "drama queen." Assuming that her behavior is sufficient to warrant a diagnosis, which of the following personality disorders is she most likely to be diagnosed with? a. Antisocial b. Borderline c. Histrionic d. Narcissistic

Luisa is a lively and emotional graduate student. She dresses provocatively and behaves in a very seductive manner with her male professors. She has had a long string of short-lived, stormy romances. Luisa is most likely to have a diagnosis of ________ a. histrionic personality disorder. b. narcissistic personality disorder. c. dependent personality disorder. d. passive-aggressive personality disorder

histrionic personality disorder.

Luisa is a lively and emotional graduate student. She dresses provocatively and behaves in a very seductive manner with her male professors. She has had a long string of short-lived, stormy romances. Luisa is most likely to have a diagnosis of: histrionic personality disorder. narcissistic personality disorder. dependent personality disorder. passive-aggressive personality disorder.

d. sometimes causes minor changes and sometimes major ones.

Major brain damage a. causes major changes. b. causes minor changes. c. causes changes to personality only. d. sometimes causes minor changes and sometimes major ones.

an example of the most common type of hallucination with schizophrenia

sondra tried to ignore the voices in her head

Which of the following is true about the connection between psychopathy and antisocial personality disorder? a. Psychopathy is another name for antisocial personality disorder. b. Many people who have antisocial personality disorder do not have psychopathy. c. Psychopathy is a less severe form of antisocial personality disorder. d. Psychopathy is a more easily treated form of antisocial personality disorder.

Many people who have antisocial personality disorder do not have psychopathy.

cognitive processing

Many people with brain damage resulting in neuropsychological disorders have problems with __________ and self-regulation.

which is a good example of a person with an impairment of orientation?

Marlon, who is not sure where he is or what month or year it is

What are endophenotypes?

Measurable traits that are thought to be linked to specific genes that might be important in schizophrenia

c. are likely to occur in athletes.

Mild brain injuries a. usually produce no problems. b. usually produce short-lived, major problems. c. are likely to occur in athletes. d. usually produce long-term, major problems, particularly in older people.

b. attention deficits.

Mild to moderate diffuse brain damage is most likely to result in a. mood disturbance. b. attention deficits. c. visual distortions. d. altered sleep patterns.

criteria are defined by inferred traits or consistent patterns of behavior rather than by more objective behavioral standards.

Misdiagnosis is more common with personality disorders than with other psychological disorders. This may occur because with personality disorder, ________

borerline personality disorder

Of all the personality disorders, most clinical and research attention has been paid to the treatment of_________.

b. motor vehicle accidents.

Of the choices listed below, the most common cause of traumatic brain injury is a. stroke. b. motor vehicle accidents. c. drug abuse. d. Alzheimer's diseas

One criticism of the DSM-5 is that the features of antisocial personality disorder do not fully map onto the construct of psychopathy. Some researchers are concerned that ________ a. the psychopathy diagnosis was made reliable at the expense of the validity of the ASPD diagnosis. b. the psychopathy diagnosis was made reliable at the expense of the validity of the ASPD diagnosis. c. the ASPD diagnosis was made valid at the expense of the reliability of the psychopathy diagnosis. d. the ASPD diagnosis was made reliable at the expense of the validity of the psychopathy diagnosis.

A dimensional approach will be used to achieve diagnosis.

One proposed revision for the DSM-5 pertaining to the diagnosis of personality disorders did not occur. Which change was this? A categorical approach will be used to achieve diagnosis. All existing personality disorders will be split into two sub-categories (chronic and intermittent). All existing personality disorders will be removed and only mood disorders will remain. A dimensional approach will be used to achieve diagnosis.

Which type of child is most likely to show the personality traits of a psychopath as an adult?

One who has fearlessness, low anxiety, and high callousness

How common are delusions in schizophrenia?

Over 90 percent of those with schizophrenia experience delusions.

Transient psychotic symptoms are seen in which of the following personality disorders? a. paranoid and schizoid b. schizotypal and schizoid c. schizoid and antisocial d. paranoid and schizotypal

Paranoid and schizotypal

What disorders are in Cluster A personality disorders?

Paranoid, schizoid, and schizotypal personality disorder

Parental overvaluation is associated with which personality disorder? a. Antisocial b. Borderline c. Histrionic d. Narcissistic

Paris (2001, 2007) has suggested that the ________ may be responsible for the increase in emotional dysregulation and impulsive behavior that has been increasing since World War II. a. increase in illicit drugs in the U.S. b. unstable unemployment rates c. changes in nutritional needs and diet d. increased breakdown of the family unit

A personality disorder

Patrick has difficulty getting along with others and is viewed by others as inflexible. Although intelligent, he earns mediocre grades in college and seems unable to function effectively or meet the demands of adult life. Patrick's behavior patterns are most consistent with a diagnosis of ________

which person is least likely to have a good recovery from moderate brain injury

Paul, who was severely depressed

People find Adam difficult to be around. His behavior is unpredictable and erratic but most often is annoying to others. He doesn't seem to learn from his bad experiences, instead he keeps repeating the same mistakes over and over. His family says Adam has been like this since at least junior high school. Adam most likely has ________ a. a mood disorder. b. an anxiety disorder. c. a dissociative disorder. d. a personality disorder.

What is the main difference between Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) and Obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder (OCPD)? a. People with OCD are more perfectionistic than people with OCPD. b. People with OCPD are less conscientious about their rituals than people with OCD. c. People with OCPD do not have true obsessions or compulsions like people with OCD have. d. People with OCD can do a compulsion once and feel better, people with OCPD never feel better no matter how many times they do them.

People with OCPD do not have true obsessions or compulsions like people with OCD have.

schizoid personality disorder

People with __________ are usually unable to form social relationships and have little interest in them.

histrionic personality disorder

People with __________ have excessive attention-seeking behaviors.

psychopathy

People with __________ have more selfish, callous, and exploitative behaviors than those with antisocial personality disorder

avoidant personality disorder

People with __________ show extreme social inhibition and introversion.

Which of the following statements is NOT true of treating personality disorders? a. Individuals with personality disorders from Clusters A and B are more difficult to treat because of their interpersonal difficulties and reluctance to enter therapy. b. Treatment for individuals with dependent personality disorder ought to be altered so that excessive dependency is not fostered. c. People with personality disorders have trouble establishing good therapeutic relationships with their therapist. d. People with both a personality disorder diagnosis and another type of disorder are easier to treat than people with just a personality disorder because they have more distress.

People with both a personality disorder diagnosis and another type of disorder are easier to treat than people with just a personality disorder because they have more distress.

c. they can still learn routines and skills and may be able to be taught tasks that will enable them to work.

Procedural memory often is intact in patients with amnestic disorder. This means a. they will eventually recover their short-term memory. b. they will eventually recover their memory for the most important personal events in their lives, but will still have problems with short-term memory. c. they can still learn routines and skills and may be able to be taught tasks that will enable them to work. d. the memory pathways in the brain are still intact, so patients can be retaught how to remember things.

affective instability

Rachel, who has been diagnosed with borderline personality disorder (BPD), is well-known by her peers for her intense emotional responses to various environmental triggers. She recovers slowly from upsets and her behavior is characterized by drastic and rapid shifts from one emotion to another. This observed behavior pattern is called ________

Which indicator of borderline personality disorder can also occur in people without the disorder.

Recurrent suicidal behavior, gestures, or threats, or self-mutilating behavior

What type of treatment focuses primarily on clients learning to recognize situations that are likely to trigger drinking? a. Alcoholics Anonymous b. Motivational Enhancement Therapy c. Relapse Prevention Treatment d. Abstinence Violation Prevention

Relapse Prevention Treatment

to both Western and non-Western cultures, including Africa and Asia

Research findings across cultures reveal that the five-factor personality traits are common ________.

c. ibuprofen

Research suggests that the use of ________ may decrease the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease. a. aspirin b. codeine c. ibuprofen d. valium

diagnose psychopathy on the basis of the Cleckley criteria.

Robert Hare's 20-item Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R) provides clinicians with a way to ________

c. understand what she sees.

Ruth experienced a stroke that severely damaged her occipital lobe. We can expect that she has an impairment in her ability to a. think and talk using good judgment. b. walk in a coordinated fashion. c. understand what she sees. d. do mathematical and word problems.

the current practice of providing treatment stresses

the coordination of services in the community

has little desire to form close relationships; wants interpersonal contact but is hypersensitive to criticism

Schizoid and avoidant personality disorders are similar in that, in the case of both diagnoses, people are socially isolated. However, they are different in that the person with a diagnosis of schizoid personality disorder _______, whereas the person diagnosed with avoidant personality disorder ___________.

Schizophrenic disorders seem to be most strongly linked genetically to ________ personality disorder. a. schizoid b. schizotypal c. avoidant d. paranoid

Which of the following men has an alcohol-risk personality? a. Tim, who is shy, anxious, and withdrawn. b. Brian, who is organized, detail-oriented, and ambitious. c. Sean, who is impulsive, risk-taking, and poor at planning. d. Art, who is frequently depressed and has a low level of self-esteem.

Sean, who is impulsive, risk-taking, and poor at planning.

Self-mutilation, such as is seen in borderline personality disorder, is ________ a. a form of suicidal behavior. b. a form of self-punishment. c. done to reduce depression. d. associated with an increase in anxiety and depression

the increased breakdown of the family and other traditional social structures

Since World War II, there has been an increase in the diagnosis of emotional dysregulation and impulsive behavior. It is hypothesized that this change could be the result of ________

Since there are substantial problems with reliability and validity of the diagnoses of personality disorders, ________ a. they are rarely used in clinical practice. b. it is less likely that research on a disorder will be able to be replicated by other researchers. c. they are considered by clinicians only as suggestions and do not have an impact on treatment decisions. d. very little research or search for treatments is done.

avoidant and dependent

Some studies suggest that treatment success may be most promising for ___________ personality disorders.

b. will have problems with processing language.

Someone with focal brain damage in his or her left hemisphere a. will have anterograde amnesia. b. will have problems with processing language. c. will have problems with nonverbal reasoning. d. will have problems with understanding new situations.

Stu has no friends except his brother. He would desperately love to date women but is certain no woman would be interested in him. He tried a dating service but was convinced that the secretary was trying to get rid of him because he was such a poor candidate. The most likely diagnosis for Stu is ________ a. avoidant personality disorder. b. schizoid personality disorder. c. paranoid personality disorder. d. schizotypal personality disorder.

schitzophrenia

Studies evaluating psychiatric patients and college students diagnosed with schizotypal personality disorder have shown a deficit in the ability to track a moving target visually. This deficit is also found in individuals diagnosed with ________

Generalised Social Phobia

Studies have identified overlap between avoidant personality disorder and ______, leading some investigators to conclude that avoidant personality disorder may simply be a somewhat more severe manifestation of the other.

Which of the following statements is correct about changes for the diagnosis of schizophrenia in the DSM-5?

Subtypes of schizophrenia were removed but the diagnosis of schizophrenia will remain.

d. delirium

Suddenly, Lavinia is unable to remember what she was doing. She screams that bugs are crawling all over the walls. She begins to wildly swing her arms around. She can't fall asleep at night, but finally falls asleep at daylight. Lavinia most likely has a. dementia. b. focal brain damage. c. depression. d. delirium.

Studies of the brains of individuals with DID

Support the assertion that DID is a real disorder.

cocaine

Symptoms of paranoid personality disorder are often found with individuals who chronically abuse ________

How does temperament relate to personality disorders?

Temperament is inherited and may predispose people to develop particular personality traits and disorders. This can make personality disorders seem inherited, but it is the traits that predispose people to the disorders that are inherited.

The "clusters" of personality disorders found in the DSM-5 are grouped based on ________ a. similar etiologies. b. level of dysfunction. c. symptom or feature similarities. d. expected prognosis.

personality (and personality disorder) traits fall along a continuum of intensity.

The DSM-5 uses a dimensional approach in evaluating personality disorders. This approach assumes that ________

Which of the following statements about alcohol problems is accurate? a. The lifetime prevalence for alcoholism in the United States is about 30 percent. b. The average life span of an alcoholic is twelve years shorter than the average citizen. c. Although alcohol impairs motor behavior, it does not lower performance on complex cognitive tasks. d. Alcohol abuse is a "pure" disorder, with less than 5 percent of alcohol abusers having a coexisting mental disorder.

The average life span of an alcoholic is twelve years shorter than the average citizen.

The behavioral patterns of individuals with personality disorders ________ a. tend to fluctuate over time. b. tend to normalize with experience as an individual matures. c. are thought to be relatively consistent over time, with little adaptation to new kinds of experiences. d. are remarkable in their tendency to shift dramatically from one kind of disorder to another.

What "border" did the term "borderline" in borderline personality refer to? a. The border between mood and anxiety disorders. b. People with borderline personality disorder were thought to be on the brink of psychosis, on the border between sanity and insanity. c. Because people with borderline personality disorder behave normally much of the time, they were thought to only be on the edge of mental illness. d. The behaviors exhibited by people with borderline personality disorder lie on continuum between neurotic and psychotic disorders.

The behaviors exhibited by people with borderline personality disorder lie on continuum between neurotic and psychotic disorders.

b. prevention or treatment at the first sign of illness because lost neurons cannot be regained.

The best avenue of research for effective treatment of Alzheimer's disease involves a. medications to remove plaques, because they cause the symptoms in Alzheimer's disease. b. prevention or treatment at the first sign of illness because lost neurons cannot be regained. c. regenerating neurons in the brain to replace those lost or damaged by the disorder. d. behavioral therapy to help improve memory and living skills.

The best description of the biological component of personality disorders is ________ a. they are directly inherited disorders. b. they have no biological component, they are learned. c. personality traits are inherited that predispose a person to developing a personality disorder. d. people inherit the trait of anxiety, which underlies all of the personality disorders and predisposes people to developing a personality disorder.

personality traits are inherited that predispose a person to developing a personality disorder.

The best description of the biological component of personality disorders is: they are directly inherited disorders. they have no biological component, they are learned. personality traits are inherited that predispose a person to developing a personality disorder. people inherit the trait of anxiety, which underlies all of the personality disorders and predisposes people to developing a personality disorder.

The best single-word description for the person with paranoid personality disorder is ________ a. delusional. b. impulsive. c. unemotional. d. mistrustful.

a. 18.

The brain begins to decrease in size at age a. 18. b. 35. c. 55. d. 65.

a. the role of the brain in determining personality.

The case of Phineas Gage demonstrates a. the role of the brain in determining personality. b. that even the most serious brain injuries need not lead to permanent alteration in behavior. c. the role of the temporal lobe in controlling behavioral impulses. d. the importance of a healthy cerebrovascular system.

Which statement about personality disorders is accurate? a. The category is broad and encompasses behavioral problems that vary widely in form and severity. b. The personality disorders are considered situation-specific problems in behaving. c. Most of the personality disorders are extreme reactions to stressful life events. d. Even the milder cases of personality disorders produce severe impairments in social and occupational functioning.

The category is broad and encompasses behavioral problems that vary widely in form and severity.

The central problem of schizoid personality disorder is ________ a. recurrent depression. b. a marked disregard for the feelings of others. c. cognitive and perceptual distortions. d. an inability to form attachments to other people.

Rosa comes to you for treatment of her alcohol abuse. You suspect that she might have some other disorder as well. Why is it important for you to evaluate her status? a. Treating another disorder, when present along with alcohol abuse, usually clears up the excessive drinking as well. b. Her genetic liability may be much stronger if the alcohol abuse is the only disorder. c. The other disorder should be treated first. d. The co-occurrence of another mental disorder has a very significant effect on treatment outcome.

The co-occurrence of another mental disorder has a very significant effect on treatment outcome.

When a closed-head injury occurs

the damage is a result of the brain colliding with the skull

accept negative affect without resorting to self-destructive or other maladaptive behaviors.

The goal of dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) in the treatment of borderline personality disorder is for the patient to ________

55%

The heritability of schizoid personality disorder has been found to be around ________.

The individual with ________ personality disorder is likely to be described as rigid and cold. a. borderline b. histrionic c. obsessive-compulsive d. dependent

The five-factor model is a ________ a. model of normal personality that includes an expanded description of the five basic personality dimensions. b. model that attempts to explain personality disorders by dividing them into five main categories. c. model that explains the causes of personality disorders by describing the five most important factors that lead to their development. d. five-step model for the treatment of personality disorders

d. acetylchole.

The first neurons to be affected in Alzheimer's disease are cells that release a. serotonin. b. dopamine. c. beta amyloid. d. acetylcholine.

d. memory problems

The first sign of neurocognitive disorder in older adults is typically a. lack of alertness. b. lack of attention to the environment. c. motor control problems. d. memory problems.

a. a closed-head injury.

The damage that might be caused to the brain by riding a violently fast roller coaster is similar to that seen with a. a closed-head injury. b. a penetrating head injury. c. vascular dementia. d. a series of circumscribed cerebral infarcts.

histrionic

The diagnosis of ______ personality disorder has historically been associated with women, as it was felt that the maladaptive traits identified in the diagnosis were observed more frequently in women.

What is the major difference between a diagnosis of schizophrenia and schizophreniform disorder?

The duration of symptoms

Which of the following statements about antipsychotic medications is true?

The earlier patients receive these medications, the better they tend to do over the longer term.

b. the process of memory consolidation can be interrupted.

The effects of head trauma on memory suggest that a. short-term memory is not affected by physical trauma. b. the process of memory consolidation can be interrupted. c. semantic memory is usually affected when an injury is severe enough to produce a loss of consciousness. d. rarely are episodic memories affected by head trauma

b. how one is functioning before the damage occurs.

The extent of the deficits seen after brain damage are determined in part by a. genetic factors. b. how one is functioning before the damage occurs. c. chemical imbalances in the brain. d. the drugs a person was on.

The fear of abandonment is seen in both borderline and dependent personality disorder. What is the key difference is the individual's reaction to that fear? a. The person with borderline personality disorder gets depressed, and the person with dependent personality disorder gets angry. b. The person with borderline personality disorder gets angry, and the person with dependent personality disorder becomes submissive. c. The person with borderline personality disorder goes to other people for a replacement, and the person with dependent personality disorder stays alone and sad. d. The person with borderline personality disorder tries to resolve the issues rationally, and the person with dependent personality disorder is afraid to seek out new relationships.

The finding that temperament may play a role in the etiology of personality disorders suggests that ________ a. all personality disorders have a biological basis. b. learning plays a significant role in the development of personality disorders. c. the environment does not play a causal role in the development of mood disorders. d. a susceptibility to the development of a personality disorder may be inherited.

The fear of abandonment is seen in both borderline and dependent personality disorder. A key difference is their reaction to it: a. The person with borderline personality disorder gets depressed, and the person with dependent personality disorder gets angry. b. The person with borderline personality disorder gets angry, and the person with dependent personality disorder becomes submissive. c. The person with borderline personality disorder goes to other people for a replacement, and the person with dependent personality disorder stays alone and sad. d. The person with borderline personality disorder tries to resolve the issues rationally, and the person with dependent personality disorder is afraid to seek out new relationships.

The person with borderline personality disorder gets angry, and the person with dependent personality disorder becomes submissive.

According to the DSM-5, which of the following must be true for a personality disorder diagnosis? a. The patient's behavior must reflect a lack of impulse control. b. The patient must experience mild irritability. c. Signs of psychosis must be present. d. The person's behavior problems must cause them distress or impairment.

The person's behavior problems must cause them distress or impairment.

Which of the following is one of the criteria for a personality disorder diagnosis?

The person's behavior problems must cause them distress or impairment.

Which statement about alcohol abuse disorders and other psychological disorders is accurate? a. Since alcohol has a negative effect on neurotransmitters, it is extremely rare for people with schizophrenia to become alcohol or drug dependent. b. Since alcohol has an anti-anxiety effect, most of the people who are alcohol dependent and have another disorder suffer from generalized anxiety disorder. c. The personality disorder most often associated with alcohol abuse is antisocial personality disorder. d. The personality disorder most often associated with alcohol abuse is obsessive compulsive personality disorder.

The personality disorder most often associated with alcohol abuse is antisocial personality disorder.

The presence of psychopathy ________ a. is the single best predictor of future violence and crime recidivism. b. means that a person also has antisocial personality disorder. c. means a person is less likely to be violent and to repeat crimes. d. is the single best predictor that treatment will be successful.

. strengthening the weak egos of persons with borderline personality disorder, with a particular focus on adapting their primitive defense mechanism of splitting.

The primary goal of Kernberg's transference-focused psychotherapy is ________

The research on the association between borderline personality disorder and childhood sexual abuse ________ a. proves child sexual abuse is the leading cause of borderline personality disorder. b. are problematic—the abuse most likely is occurring with other factors that might be more important. c. has shown that the reports of sexual abuse were mostly false reports. d. suggests that some genetic component underlies both the disorder in the child and the parents' tendency to abuse.

Why does it make sense to view addiction as a mental disorder? a. The symptoms reflect behaviors that involve the pathological need for a substance. b. The most effective treatments are psychological. c. Neurochemical imbalances underlie the problematic behaviors observed. d. Substance abuse frequently develops in an attempt to self-medicate negative mood states.

The symptoms reflect behaviors that involve the pathological need for a substance.

Which of the following best accounts for why women are more likely to be diagnosed with histrionic personality disorder than men? a. Women are more likely to develop this disorder. b. The symptoms tend to be maladaptive exaggerations of traits normally seen in women. c. Women are naturally more likely than men to engage in attention-seeking behaviors. d. The primary feature of this disorder is emotionality and women are more emotional than men.

The symptoms tend to be maladaptive exaggerations of traits normally seen in women.

c. he had good memory for remote events but no memory for events that just occurred.

The text presented a case study of a retired man who was hospitalized by his wife and son. He was typical of many patients in that a. he had become violent toward family members. b. he never lost his orientation for time and person. c. he had good memory for remote events but no memory for events that just occurred. d. he became hypochondriacal and performed repetitive, meaningless rituals.

diffuse

The type of brain damage that occurs after the brain is jarred in the skull is called __________ brain damage.

Which of the following is characteristic of the binge-eating/purging type of anorexia?

The use of laxatives

Their need for attention and manipulation is likely to drive others away.

There is a general agreement among researchers that personality ________ a. is mainly learned. b. can be characterized by five basic trait dimensions. c. has an infinite number of possible trait dimensions. d. is mainly genetic

can be characterised by five basic trait dimensions

There is a general agreement among researchers that personality: is mainly learned. can be characterised by five basic trait dimensions. has an infinite number of possible trait dimensions. is mainly genetic.

What do the National Association for Mental Health, the National Association for Retarded Citizens, and the National Alliance for the Mentally Ill (NAMI) have in common?

They all try to improve services and educate the government and public about various problems.

Why does the person with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder have problems in interpersonal relationships? a. They have no interest in having relationships. b. They have no time for relationships due to excessive devotion to work. c. They are too emotionally expressive. d. Their manipulative behavior tends to destroy relationships.

They have no time for relationships due to excessive devotion to work.

Why is it that people with narcissistic personality disorder are unlikely to seek treatment? a. They are suspicious that therapists will steal their ideas. b. They afraid they will become dependent on the therapist. c. They are hypersensitive to criticism. d. They think they are nearly perfect and in no need of change.

They think they are nearly perfect and in no need of change.

characteristics of a personality disorder

This is a disorder in which personality traits and behavior patterns are maladaptive, inflexible, and not readily adaptive to new situations. The behavior patterns are stable and of long duration. They do not stem from reactions to stress, but involve the gradual development of behavior patterns. They usually significantly impair social or occupational functioning and in some cases cause a good deal of subjective emotional distress.

Thought and speech oddities comparable to those seen in schizophrenia have been documented in ________ personality disorder. a. paranoid b. schizoid c. schizotypal d. borderline

Tom tells you that he can make his roommate take out the trash by simply thinking about his roommate doing it. He agrees with you that this could sometimes just be a coincidence, but he seems to truly believe he can sometimes get people to do things just by thinking about it. You find him understandable when he talks, but sometimes hard to follow. His clothes are messy and don't match. Tom tells you not to tell anyone about his power, because he knows that other people don't like him because they are jealous and they would hurt him if they could. The best diagnosis for Tom is ________ a. borderline personality disorder. b. paranoid personality disorder. c. schizotypal personality disorder. d. schizoid personality disorder

Transient psychotic and dissociative experiences can occur in ________ personality disorder. a. borderline b. antisocial c. narcissistic d. obsessive-compulsive

Transient psychotic symptoms are seen in which of the following personality disorders? a. Paranoid and schizoid b. Schizotypal and schizoid c. Schizoid and antisocial d. Paranoid and schizotypal

Twins studies show that between 43 and 56 percent of the variance in the dimensions of psychopathy can be attributed to ________ a. being a twin. b. genetic factors. c. shared environmental influences. d. nonshared environmental influences

Unlike disorders such as depression and PTSD, ________ a. personality disorders develop gradually. b. multiple causal events can be identified when a personality disorder has developed. c. those with personality disorders experience considerable subjective distress. d. personality disorders are emotional disorders.

Unlike the person with paranoid schizophrenia, the person with paranoid personality disorder ________ a. becomes delusional in response to an actual betrayal or hurtful incident with another person. b. has persistent loss of reality contact. c. tends to confide in others and assume the loyalty of his or her friends. d. is in contact with reality, although he or she may have transient psychotic symptoms.

is in contact with reality, although he or she may have transient psychotic symptoms.

Unlike the person with paranoid schizophrenia, the person with paranoid personality disorder: becomes delusional in response to an actual betrayal or hurtful incident with another person. has persistent loss of reality contact. tends to confide in others and assume the loyalty of his or her friends. is in contact with reality, although he or she may have transient psychotic symptoms.

"I can function only if I have access to somebody competent."

Using a cognitive perspective, which of the following statements typifies the type of maladaptive schema someone with dependent personality disorder might hold?

Which of the following is a part of the clinical picture in antisocial personality and psychopathy?

Using charm to make a strong first impression.

Which of the following is a part of the clinical picture in antisocial personality and psychopathy? a. Careful planning of future activities that will help their families. b. Using charm to make a strong first impression. c. Strong feelings of remorse after wronging others. d. A total lack of desire to maintain friendships with others.

Using charm to make a strong first impression.

Studies of adopted children who were at high-risk for developing schizophrenia found that which of the following appeared to increase the likelihood that these children would show high levels of thought disorders?

Vague, confusing, and unclear communication

a. is a result of many small strokes.

Vascular dementia a. is a result of many small strokes. b. is what was once called amnestic infarct dementia. c. responds to the same treatments as Alzheimer's disease. d. affects more women than men.

b. the patient is vulnerable to sudden death from stroke or cardiovascular disease.

Vascular dementia is less common than Alzheimer's disease because a. it develops later in life. b. the patient is vulnerable to sudden death from stroke or cardiovascular disease. c. it can be cured. d. spontaneous remission is common.

because much of Donald's depression is a result of his lack of a healthy sexual relationship with his wife, Dr. Jones figured that the best drug to treat him would be

Welbutrin

What "border" did the term "borderline" in borderline personality refer to? a. The border between mood and anxiety disorders b. People with borderline personality disorder were thought to be on the brink of psychosis, on the border between sanity and insanity. c. Because people with borderline personality disorder behave normally much of the time, they were thought to only be on the edge of mental illness. d. The term was originally used to describe a condition on the "border" between neurotic and psychotic disorders.

The behaviours exhibited by people with borderline personality disorder lie on continuum between neurotic and psychotic disorders.

What 'border' did the term 'borderline' in borderline personality refer to? The border between Axis I and Axis II disorders. People with borderline personality disorder were thought to be on the brink of psychosis, on the border between sanity and insanity. Because people with borderline personality disorder behave normally much of the time, they were thought to only be on the edge of mental illness. The behaviours exhibited by people with borderline personality disorder lie on continuum between neurotic and psychotic disorders.

Answer: Borderline personality disorder includes erratic and impulsive behaviors that can be self-destructive. These include reckless driving, binges of gambling, drinking, and sex, as well as self-mutilation and suicidal behavior. Self-mutilation is one of the most discriminating signs of BPD and is sometimes associated with relief from anxiety and other negative emotions. Suicidal behavior is also common and, while suicide attempts may be motivated by a desire to manipulate; it is estimated that as many as 8 percent may complete a suicide.

What are examples of dangerous behavior seen in borderline personality disorder?

Answer: Psychopaths show deficient avoidance learning. They have a lower than normal fear potential startle response. They do not condition easily to fear. They have a deficient behavior inhibition system—the neural system underlying anxiety. Their behavioral activation system is normal or over-reactive, so they tend to focus on rewards. If caught, they focus on avoiding punishment. Their dominant response set for rewards seems to interfere with their ability to use punishment as a cue to change behavior.

What are the research findings on psychopathy and learning?

Answer: 1. Difficulty regulating emotions plus high levels of emotional reactivity, including aggressive behaviors when responding to stress and negative emotions like anger. This increases the risk of ASPD and the antisocial dimension of psychopathy. 2. Few problems with regulating emotions, fearlessness, low anxiety and callous-unemotional traits. These children show poor development of conscience, and their aggressive behavior is more premeditated than reactive. This is correlated with the interpersonal dimension of psychopathy.

What are the two dimensions of childhood temperament related to antisocial personality disorder and psychopathy, and what is the relationship?

Answer: Dimension 1: Affective and interpersonal traits—lack of remorse and empathy, superficial charm, exaggerated self-worth, and pathological lying. Dimension 2: Behavior—deviant lifestyle, impulsivity, and irresponsibility. The second dimension is more related to antisocial personality disorder.

What are the two dimensions of psychopathy and the relationship to antisocial personality disorder?

What are the two subtypes of narcissistic personality disorder? a. Histrionic and paranoid b. Antisocial and prosocial c. Avoidant and dependent. d. Grandiose and vulnerable.

Answer: Personality disorders are often not diagnosed or may be misdiagnosed. Personality disorders may never be diagnosed or treated due to their basic nature—personality disorders define the personality of the individual with the disorder, and it is difficult to determine when a problematic personality becomes a disordered personality. Misdiagnosis is common as the diagnostic criteria are not precise and lack objective behavioral standards. Diagnosis is vulnerable to subjective interpretation of traits and behaviors as being maladaptive or not. The criteria for the disorders are not exclusive of other diagnoses. While clinicians are likely to agree that an individual has a personality disorder, there may not be agreement as to which disorder the individual has.

What complicates the diagnosis of personality disorders?

Answer: Sexuality is central to histrionic personality disorder but not to borderline personality disorder.

What is the main distinguishing factor between borderline and histrionic personality disorders?

What percentage of persons living in the United States has a diagnosable personality disorder? a. 2-3% b. 5-7% c. 10-12% d. 13-15%

d. Cholinesterase inhibitors

What type of drugs is most likely to be used to inhibit the progression of Alzheimer's disease? a. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories b. Antidepressants c. Antipsychotics d. Cholinesterase inhibitors

b. Delusions of persecution

What types of delusions are most commonly seen in Alzheimer's disease? a. Delusions of grandeur b. Delusions of persecution c. Delusions of reference d. Delusions of bodily changes

b. focal brain lesion.

When Mrs. Thomason experienced a stroke, a small area of her brain was deprived of oxygenated blood. This resulted in a a. diffuse brain injury. b. focal brain lesion. c. psychopathological dementia. d. diffuse lesion.

the psychopathic prisoners did not show the startle effect, although non-psychopathic prisoners did.

When Patrick and colleagues (1993) compared the fear-potentiated startle response of psychopathic and non-psychopathic prisoners while viewing pleasant, unpleasant, and neutral slides, they found that ________

b. the damage is a result of the brain colliding with the skull.

When a closed-head injury occurs, a. the damage is localized. b. the damage is a result of the brain colliding with the skull. c. post-trauma epilepsy is common. d. the skull is bruised.

experience transient psychotic symptoms lasting from a few minutes to several hours.

When experiencing high levels of stress, individuals with paranoid personality disorder may ________

Which basic personality traits from the five-factor model seem most important in the development of avoidant personality disorder? a. High extraversion and low openness to feelings b. High introversion and high neuroticism c. High antagonism and low neuroticism d. High agreeableness and high angry hostility

High introversion and high neuroticism.

Which basic personality traits from the five-factor model seem most important in the development of avoidant personality disorder? High extraversion and low openness to feelings. High introversion and high neuroticism. High antagonism and low neuroticism. High agreeableness and high angry hostility.

Which basic personality traits from the five-factor model seem most important in the development of borderline personality disorder? a. High extraversion and low fantasy proneness b. High impulsivity and affective instability c. High antagonism and low neuroticism d. High agreeableness and low excitement seeking

Which basic personality traits from the five-factor model seem most important in the development of dependent personality disorder? a. High neuroticism and high agreeableness b. High introversion and low conscientiousness c. High fantasy proneness and low neuroticism d. High excitement seeking and low openness to feelings

Which basic personality traits from the five-factor model seem most important in the development of obsessive compulsive personality disorder? a. High conscientiousness and low compliance b. High extraversion and high openness to feelings c. High excitement seeking and low openness to feelings d. High fantasy proneness and high agreeableness

Which basic personality traits from the five-factor model seem most important in the development of paranoid personality disorder? a. Introversion and openness to feelings b. Excitement seeking and neuroticism c. Antagonism and neuroticism d. Fantasy proneness and tough mindedness

Which basic personality traits from the five-factor model seem most important in the development of schizoid personality disorder? a. Low agreeableness and high antagonism b. High introversion and low openness to feelings c. High introversion and low agreeableness d. Low excitement seeking and high fantasy proneness

High introversion and low openness to feelings.

Which basic personality traits from the five-factor model seem most important in the development of schizoid personality disorder? Low agreeableness and high antagonism. High introversion and low openness to feelings. High introversion and low agreeableness. Low excitement seeking and high fantasy proneness.

asian

Which culture would be expected to have the lowest rates of women diagnosed with histrionic personality disorder?

psychopathy

Which diagnosis appears to be the single best predictor of violence and recidivism of convicted and imprisoned persons?

Which indicator of borderline personality disorder can also occur in people without the disorder. a. Markedly and persistently unstable self-image b. A pattern of unstable relationships that alternate between extremes of idealization and devaluation c. Recurrent suicidal behavior, gestures, or threats, or self-mutilating behavior d. Intense episodic dysphoria, irritability, or anxiety.

cluster c

Which of the DSM personality disorder clusters is the most prevalent in numbers of diagnosed individuals?

Which of the following best explains why it is such a challenge to treat personality disorders? a. They develop early in life. b. The diagnostic criteria for these disorders is highly subjective. c. Comorbid diagnoses are the norm, not the exception. d. By definition, they are enduring patterns of thought and behavior

d. Subcortical areas are more affected in VAD.

Which of the following best explains why mood disorders are more characteristic of vascular dementia (VAD) than of Alzheimer's disease? a. VAD preferentially affects serotonergic cells. b. Medical treatments are less effective in the treatment of VAD. c. VAD is more prevalent in women. d. Subcortical areas are more affected in VAD.

parental overvaluation

Which of the following causal factors has been identified as contributing to the development of grandiose narcissism?

d. attention deficits

Which of the following could occur as a result of exposure to formaldehyde? a. high blood pressure b. epilepsy c. asthma. d. attention deficits

affective

Which of the following dimensions developed from Hare's checklist reflects traits such as lack of remorse or guilt, callousness/lack of empathy, shallow affect, and a failure to accept responsibility for one's behavior?

c. Huntington's disease

Which of the following disorders affects men and women in equal numbers and is characterized by a chronic, progressive chorea? a. AIDS b. Alzheimer's disease c. Huntington's disease d. Parkinson's disease

d. Parkinson's disease.

Which of the following disorders is characterized by motor symptoms such as resting tremors or rigid movements? a. AIDS b. Alzheimer's disease c. Huntington's disease d. Parkinson's disease

Which of the following distinguishes narcissistic personality disorder from the other Cluster B disorders? a. Emotionality b. Grandiosity c. Impulsivity d. Vanity

Which of the following is a Cluster B personality disorder? a. Depressive b. Schizoid c. Paranoid d. Borderline

Which of the following is a common component of cognitive behavioral treatments for antisocial personality? a. Punishment b. Relaxation c. Self-critical thinking d. Response-prevention training

Which of the following is a factor that complicates determining the causes of personality disorders? a. The high likelihood that an individual with one personality disorder may also have another b. The availability of only prospective data c. The wealth of biological data available d. The inability to gather information from the patients themselves, due to the prevalence of memory disorders among those with personality disorders

d. Marlon, who is not sure where he is or what month or year it is.

Which of the following is a good example of a person with an impairment of orientation? a. Joe, who once thought he was a homosexual but now thinks he is heterosexual. b. Karla, who cannot accurately draw objects or copy designs on a piece of paper. c. Lois, who must constantly be reminded of what to do next when she is getting dressed. d. Marlon, who is not sure where he is or what month or year it is.

a. Being a woman

Which of the following is a risk factor for developing Alzheimer's disease? a. Being a woman b. Having a family history of Parkinson's disease c. Living in a non-Western developed nation d. Being highly educated

b. Giving birth to a child with Down syndrome before age 35

Which of the following is associated with an increased risk of developing Alzheimer's disease? a. Having a family history of vascular dementia b. Giving birth to a child with Down syndrome before age 35 c. Living in a non-Western developed nation d. Excessive use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

d. Delusions of persecution

Which of the following is most likely to be characteristic of a physically aggressive Alzheimer's disease patient? a. History of violent behavior b. Multiple psychotic breaks c. Delusions of reference d. Delusions of persecution

Which of the following is most typical of the interpersonal attitudes and behaviors of someone with antisocial personality disorder? a. Vacillation between overidealization and bitter disappointment b. Excessive trust and dependence on others' opinions c. Irritable and aggressive pattern of irresponsible behavior d. Repeated manipulation of others to gain attention

Which of the following is most typical of the interpersonal attitudes and behaviors of someone with borderline personality disorder? a. Vacillation between over-idealization and bitter disappointment b. Excessive trust and dependence on others' opinions c. Cruel and callous exploitation of others for personal gain d. Repeated manipulation of others to gain attention

Which of the following is most typical of the interpersonal attitudes and behaviors of someone with histrionic personality disorder? a. Vacillation between over-idealization and bitter disappointment b. Excessive trust and dependence on others' opinions c. Cruel and callous exploitation of others for personal gain d. Repeated manipulation of others to gain attention

d. Vitamin deficiency

Which of the following is not a cause of traumatic brain injury? a. Car accidents b. Assaults c. Sports d. Vitamin deficiency

Which of the following is one of the criteria for a personality disorder diagnosis? a. The patient's behavior must reflect a lack of impulse control. b. The patient must experience mild irritability. c. Signs of psychosis must be present. d. The person's behavior problems must cause them distress or impairment.

Which of the following is one of the facets of the personality trait of neuroticism? a. Assertiveness b. Excitement seeking c. Impulsivity d. Activity

c. Competencies acquired before the injury

Which of the following is probably the most important factor in determining the functioning of a child who undergoes significant traumatic brain injury? a. Age b. Gender c. Competencies acquired before the injury d. Family environment

b. When Yula's dementia became obvious, her family looked back on her behavior and realized that she had been exhibiting memory deficits.

Which of the following is the most typical example of the onset of Alzheimer's disease? a. After Bill's death, Carol was never the same again. b. When Yula's dementia became obvious, her family looked back on her behavior and realized that she had been exhibiting memory deficits. c. Rachel have always suffered from mood disorders. When she descended into a state of dementia after her last manic episode, no one was surprised. d. Christa began showing signs of forgetfulness after her last surgery.

Which of the following is true about the connection between psychopathy and antisocial personality disorder? a. Psychopathy is another name for antisocial personality disorder. b. While there is overlap, ASPD is broader and psychopathy is more narrowly defined. c. Psychopathy is a less severe form of antisocial personality disorder. d. Psychopathy is a more easily treated form of antisocial personality disorder

biological treatment

Which of the following modes of treatment for antisocial personality disorder have been least studied due to the limited effectiveness noted in these methods?

Which of the following personality disorders is more common in Western cultures? a. Narcissistic. b. Dependent. c. Anti-Social d. Schizoid.

Which of the following personality disorders is most likely to be mistaken for schizophrenia? a. Avoidant b. Borderline c. Schizoid d. Schizotypal

a. Cognitive deficits

Which of the following psychopathological symptoms is commonly seen in neuropsychological disorders? a. Cognitive deficits b. Delusions c. Dissociative episodes d. Panic attacks

Which of the following seems to have the most impact in decreasing criminal activities among people with psychopathy and antisocial personality disorder? a. Cognitive behavioral treatment b. Medication c. Growing older d. Nothing has any impact

a. Multiple cognitive deficits exist, not just problems with memory.

Which of the following statements about Alzheimer's disease is true? a. Multiple cognitive deficits exist, not just problems with memory. b. Changes in mood are rarely seen. c. Deterioration into a vegetative state occurs in two years or less. d. The first symptoms involve delusions and assaultive behavior.

Which of the following statements is not true of treating personality disorders? a. Individuals with personality disorders from Clusters A and B are more difficult to treat because of their interpersonal difficulties and reluctance to enter therapy. b. Treatment for individuals with dependent personality disorder ought to be altered so that excessive dependency is not fostered. c. People with personality disorders have trouble establishing good therapeutic relationships with their therapist. d. People with both a personality disorder diagnosis and another type of disorder are easier to treat than people with just a personality disorder because they have more distress.

Which of the following traits associated with histrionic personality disorder are more common in men than in women? a. Vanity and seductiveness b. Over-concern with physical appearance c. High excitement seeking and low self-consciousness d. Self-dramatization and exaggerated expression of emotion

Answer: While all of the Cluster A personality disorders are characterized by different features of schizophrenia, schizotypal personality appears to be the most strongly related to schizophrenia. This disorder is characterized by abnormalities in behavior that are often seen in those with schizophrenia, and there is evidence that those with schizotypal personality disorder are at greater risk of developing schizophrenia. A genetic relationship to schizophrenia has also long been suspected. In fact, this disorder appears to be part of a spectrum of liability for schizophrenia and often occurs in some of the first-degree relatives of people with schizophrenia.

Which of the personality disorders appears to be most related to schizophrenia? What evidence is there of this relationship?

Neuroticism

Which of the traits identified in the five-factor model includes the following six facets: anxiety, angry-hostility, depression, self-consciousness, impulsiveness, and vulnerability?

a. Paul, who was severely depressed.

Which person is least likely to have a good recovery from moderate brain injury? a. Paul, who was severely depressed. b. Wendy, who was a Ph.D. student. c. Danielle, who had a short period of unconsciousness following the injury. d. Art, who received treatment interventions shortly after the injury.

Which personality disorder is highly comorbid with borderline, antisocial, narcissistic, and dependent personality disorders diagnoses, and was recommended for removal from DSM-5? a. Histrionic b. Schizoid c. Paranoid d. Avoidant

Which personality disorder may be disproportionally diagnosed in only one gender, based on the influence of some form of sex bias? a. Schizoid b. Histrionic c. Narcissistic d. Dependent

Which statement about personality disorders is accurate? a. The category is broad and encompasses behavioral problems that vary widely in form and severity. b. Personality disorders are considered situation-specific problems in behaving. c. Most personality disorders are extreme reactions to stressful life events. d. Even the milder cases of personality disorder produce severe impairments in social and occupational functioning.

Which type of child is most likely to show the personality traits of a psychopath as an adult? a. One who has fearlessness, low anxiety, and high callousness b. One who has high fear and high callousness c. One who has trouble regulating emotions and high levels of emotional reactivity, including aggression d. One who has high depression, high anxiety, and is quick to anger

Answer: People with narcissistic personality disorder overestimate their own accomplishments and underestimate others'. They need friends to gain admiration and seem important, but they eventually see others as stupid or unworthy and reject them. Relationships do not last long because others become tired of the narcissistic person's lack of consideration.

Why does the person with a narcissistic personality disorder have many "friends" but few intimate relationships?

Answer: Many of the criteria for histrionic personality disorder involve maladaptive variants of traits that are seen as female-related in our culture, such as overdramatization, vanity, seductiveness, and over-concern with physical appearance. However, other histrionic personality traits are actually more common in men (e.g., high excitement seeking and low self-consciousness). A recent careful analysis of the issue suggests that the higher prevalence of histrionic personality in women actually would not be predicted based on known sex differences in the personality traits prominent in the disorder. This does indeed suggest the influence of some form of sex bias in the diagnosis of this disorder.

Why is histrionic personality disorder more prevalent in women?

Why is the use of antidepressants for borderline personality disorder controversial? a. Patients with BPD are never depressed. b. SSRIs have never been used on patients with BPD so their effect is unknown. c. There is no compelling evidence that they are effective unless patients have a comorbid mood disorder d. Antidepressants cause severe side effects in patients with BPD or ASPD,

a need for attention to validate self-worth.

With individuals diagnosed with histrionic personality disorder, cognitive theorists emphasize the importance of maladaptive schemas revolving around ________

Within a dimensional approach, disordered personality traits are seen as ________ normal personality traits. a. identical to b. pathological extremes of c. the opposite of d. irrelevant to

Which of the following best explains why women tend to not "hold their booze" as well as men? a. Women tend to eat less. b. Women metabolize alcohol less quickly than men. c. Women usually drink more quickly than men. d. Women tend to drink mixed drinks, while men prefer beer.

Women metabolize alcohol less quickly than men.

d. By ruling out all other potential causes of dementia

You are convinced that your grandmother has Alzheimer's. How can your doctor confirm your diagnosis? a. By conducting a blood test b. By determining if she has enlarged ventricles that indicate brain atrophy c. By looking to see if she has a decrease in frontal lobe function d. By ruling out all other potential causes of dementia

________ personality disorder is much more common in men than women and involves the exploitation of others without remorse. a. Antisocial b. Histrionic c. Borderline d. Paranoid

epidemiological

________ studies are designed to establish the prevalence (number of cases) of a a particular disorder in a very large sample of people living in the community.

which child below best illustrates the typical child with functional encopresis

a 7 year olf boy who soils himself when under stress

when bleurer coined the term "schizophrenia" the kind of split he believed was central to the disorder was

a break with reality

When Bleuler coined the term "schizophrenia," the kind of split he believed was central to the disorder was

a break with reality.

Who is most likely to develop antisocial personality disorder? a. a child with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder b. a child with oppositional defiant disorder c. a child with conduct disorder d. a child with conduct disorder and A or B

a child with conduct disorder and A or B

who is most likely to develop antisocial personality disorder?

a child with conduct disorder, ADHD, or oppositional defiant disorder

the damage that might be caused to the brain by a violent roller coaster is similar to that seen with

a closed head injury

One proposed revision for the DSM-5 pertaining to the diagnosis of personality disorders did not occur. Which change was this? a. all existing personality disorders will be split into two sub-categories (chronic and intermittent) b. all existing personality disorders will be removed and only mood disorders will remain c. a categorical approach will be used to achieve diagnosis d. a dimensional approach will be used to achieve diagnosis

a dimensional approach will be used to achieve diagnosis

one proposed revision for the DSM-5 pertaining to the diagnosis of personality disorders did not occur. which change was this?

a dimensional approach will be used to achieve diagnosis

An involuntary reoccurrence of perceptual distortions can occur weeks or months after taking a particular drug. The phenomenon is called ________; the drug is called ________. a. amphetamine psychosis; amphetamine b. a flashback; LSD c. a rush; LSD d. a blackout; alcohol

a flashback; LSD

Self-mutilation, such as is seen in borderline personality disorder, is ________

a form of self-punishment

a bullet is most likely to cause

a penetrating head injury

which of the following people has the highest risk of developing schizophrenia a a person from new guinea b. someone who was physically abused as a child c. someone whose father was over 50 when he/she was born d. someone who has a history of depresson

a person whose father was over 50 when he/she was born

Which of the following is a misconception about alcohol? a. A person with a strong will cannot become an alcoholic. b. Alcohol can interfere with sleep. c. Mixing different types of alcohol does not make people more drunk than the same amount of a single type. d. Drinking coffee does not counteract the effects of alcohol.

a person with a strong will cannot become an alcoholic

People find Adam difficult to be around. His behavior is unpredictable and erratic but most often is annoying to others. He doesn't seem to learn from his bad experiences, instead he keeps repeating the same mistakes over and over. His family says Adam has been like this since at least junior high school. Adam most likely has: a. a mood disorder b. an anxiety disorder c. a dissociative disorder d. a personality disorder

a personality disorder

which of the following would be the most liekly candidate for ECT

a pregnant and depressed 25 year old

the outcome of psychotherapy is usually dependent on whether the therapist and the client achieve

a productive working alliance

Dialectical behavior therapy is: a. a promising, problem-focused treatment for borderline personality disorder b. a long-term therapy for borderline personality disorder that focuses on personality change c. an old, long-term therapy for borderline personality disorder that has been found to be ineffective d. is a short-term therapy for borderline personality disorder that involves medication and brief hospitalization

a promising, problem-focused treatment for borderline personality disorder

Dialectical behavior therapy is

a promising, problem-focused treatment for borderline personality disorder.

Which of the following was an unforeseen consequence of deinstitutionalization?

a rise in homelessness

psychotherapy is best viewed as

a set of tools

Psychosis is a striking and essential feature of schizophrenia. Psychosis means

a significant loss of contact with reality

Psychosis is a striking and essential feature of schizophrenia. Psychosis means

a significant loss of contact with reality.

The Brady family is attending family therapy sessions. The therapist has told them, "If the whole family context changes, Marcia's problem behavior will change as well." The family therapist probably agrees with the ________ therapy approach

a structural family

The finding that temperament may play a role in the etiology of personality disorders suggests that: a. all personality disorders have a biological basis b. learning plays a significant role in the development of personality disorders c. the environment does not play a causal role in the development of mood disorders d. a susceptibility to the development of a personality disorder may be inherited

a susceptibility to the development of a personality disorder may be inherited

a. A person with a strong will cannot become an alcoholic.

Which of the following is a consequence of organic impairment resulting from long-term substance use, as opposed to being a consequence of drug toxicity? a. Alcohol amnestic disorder b. Alcoholic intoxication c. Amphetamine delusional disorder d. Cannabis delirium

a. Alcohol amnestic disorder

53. ________ personality disorder is much more common in men than women and involves the exploitation of others without remorse. a. Antisocial b. Histrionic c. Borderline d. Paranoid

a. Antisocial

________ personality disorder is much more common in men than women and involves the exploitation of others without remorse. a. Antisocial b. Histrionic c. Borderline d. Paranoid

a. Antisocial

What instrument has become almost standard in pre- and post-therapy assessment of depression? a. Beck Depression Inventory b. Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology Self-Report c. Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale d. Hamilton Depression Rating Scale

a. Beck Depression Inventory

_______________ is a form of psychological treatment based on learning theory that has been used to treat ___________. a. Behavioral activation; depression b. Systematic desensitization; schizophrenia c. Flooding; bipolar disorder d. Virtual reality therapy; intellectual disability

a. Behavioral activation; depression

Which of the following is an example of a delusion? a. Bob thought the CIA was controlling his thoughts. b. The voices in Jaimie's head told him not to trust the priest. c. Tracy did not think she could get pregnant the first time she had sex. d. Carla saw and felt bugs crawling up her arm.

a. Bob thought the CIA was controlling his thoughts.

Which of the following is likely to put whites at higher risk of developing an eating disorder than non-whites?

a. Body dissatisfaction

__________ is an antidepressant that inhibits the reuptake of both norepinephrine and dopamine. a. Bupropion (Wellbutrin) b. Viibryd (Vilazodone) c. Venlafaxine (Effexor) d. Escitalopram (Lexapro)

a. Bupropion (Wellbutrin)

Which of the following are the three mental health professionals most likely to administer psychological treatment services? a. Clinical psychologists, psychiatrists, and psychiatric social workers b. Psychiatrists, psychiatric nurses, and licensed professional counselors c. Psychiatric social workers, counseling psychologists, and pastoral counselors d. Clinical psychologists, licensed professional counselors, and human services assistants

a. Clinical psychologists, psychiatrists, and psychiatric social workers

Inidividuals who seem odd and eccentric to others may have personality disorders from a. cluster A b. Cluster B c. Cluster C d. proposed diagnostic categories needing further studies

a. Cluster A

9. Individuals who seem odd and eccentric to others may have personality disorders from ________ a. Cluster A. b. Cluster B. c. Cluster C. d. diagnostic categories that are not yet established.

a. Cluster A.

Individuals who seem odd and eccentric to others may have personality disorders from a. Cluster A. b. Cluster B. c. Cluster C. d. proposed diagnostic categories needing further study.

a. Cluster A.

Which type of training has an emphasis on helping patients deal with their neurocognitive deficits? a. Cognitive remediation training b. Social skills training c. Case management d. Family therapy

a. Cognitive remediation training

Which of the following was once viewed as form of "hysteria"?

a. Conversion disorder

Administering the medication ________ has been a useful adjunct to extinction therapy with patients who have social anxiety. The medication assists the therapy by ____________. a. D-cycloserine; activating a receptor that is critical in facilitating extinction of anxiety b. fluoxetine; encouraging the release of GABA, which in turn reduces patient discomfort during the extinction treatment sessions c. escitalopram oxalate; activating a receptor that is critical in facilitating extinction of anxiety d. venlafaxine; encouraging the release of GABA, which in turn reduces patient discomfort during the extinction treatment sessions

a. D-cycloserine; activating a receptor that is critical in facilitating extinction of anxiety

What is the link between dieting and eating disorders?

a. Dieting is a risk factor for both anorexia and bulimia.

What is the link between dieting and eating disorders? a. Dieting is a risk factor for both anorexia and bulimia. b. Dieting is a risk factor for bulimia. c. Dieting is not a risk factor for the development of eating disorder. d. When done properly, dieting seems to decrease eating disorder symptoms for a while and then leads to a sharp increase in symptoms.

a. Dieting is a risk factor for both anorexia and bulimia.

a. Eating disorders rarely start during the mid-thirties.

What two professional groups deal extensively with emotional problems but typically do not have specific training in counseling? a. Physicians and the clergy b. Physicians and psychiatrists c. The clergy and psychiatric social workers d. Psychiatrists and the clergy

a. Physicians and the clergy

All drugs that people become dependent upon: a. are socially acceptable b. act on pleasure pathways in the brain c. provide the user with renewed energy d. produce withdrawal symptoms when use is ceased

act on pleasure pathways in the brain

In her mid-thirties, Cheryl became preoccupied with her weight and began dieting and exercising. After losing a substantial amount of weight, she was still not happy with how she looked and continued to restrict her food intake. After several fainting spells resulting from her low calorie intake, her employer referred her to a clinician who recognized the signs of anorexia nervosa. Which of the following is unique about Cheryl's case? a. Eating disorders rarely start during the mid-thirties. b. The likelihood of anorexia being so readily recognized and diagnosed is slim. c. Few women with anorexia exercise. d. A diagnosis of anorexia is rarely made before the condition becomes life-threatening.

a. Eating disorders rarely start during the mid-thirties.

Which of the following do those with anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa have in common?

a. Fear of being or becoming fat

Individuals vary tremendously in their degree of motivation for psychological treatment. Who is likely to be the most motivated? a. Harvey, who is going through a job layoff and feels overwhelmed by the crisis. b. Jennifer, who was referred by the court to undergo therapy because of a drunk driving charge. c. Marvin, whose wife has said she will divorce him unless he gets treatment for his compulsive gambling. d. Barry, who is sure he has a heart condition but whose cardiologist suggests he needs psychotherapy to cope with stress better.

a. Harvey, who is going through a job layoff and feels overwhelmed by the crisis.

Which of the following is most likely seen in an individual with paranoid schizophrenia? a. Have delusions of reference b. Exhibit primarily negative symptoms c. Show more significant cognitive impairments than are seen in the other subtypes d. Respond poorly to treatment

a. Have delusions of reference

a. High conscientiousness and low compliance

a. High neuroticism and high agreeableness

41. Which personality disorder is highly comorbid with borderline, antisocial, narcissistic, and dependent personality disorders diagnoses, and was recommended for removal from DSM-5? a. Histrionic b. Schizoid c. Paranoid d. Avoidant

a. Histrionic

________ therapies developed in reaction to problems of alienation, loneliness, and failure to find meaning in life. a. Humanistic-experiential b. Cognitive c. Object relations d. Family

a. Humanistic-experiential

Which of the following has been demonstrated about the effects of psychogenic amnesias on memory?

a. Implicit memory is generally intact.

Why is the timeframe of 6 months important in diagnosing pain disorder?

a. It determines whether the symptoms are acute or chronic

How has psychodynamic therapy changed over time? a. It focuses on all relationships, not just early experiences. b. Many elements of behavior therapy have been incorporated. c. Transference is no longer used. d. It differs little from client-centered therapy.

a. It focuses on all relationships, not just early experiences.

How has managed care affected the process and administration of psychological treatment? a. It has prompted increasingly stringent demands that the efficacy of treatments be empirically demonstrated. b. Managed care endorses biological treatment over traditional talk therapies. c. It has funded research aimed at developing effective treatment. d. Managed care has become a voice for consumers seeking comprehensive mental health care at the national level.

a. It has prompted increasingly stringent demands that the efficacy of treatments be empirically demonstrated.

a. It is the area of the brain that is activated by drugs and that produces euphoria

Which of the following statements about therapy is true? a. Males are more reluctant than females to seek help for their problems. b. Few therapies have been found to be effective. c. Therapy is usually the most expensive approach to a problem. d. Each therapist has his or her own approach to therapy and does not alter this approach for different clients.

a. Males are more reluctant than females to seek help for their problems.

25. Greg has been diagnosed with schizoid personality disorder. Knowing this, which of the following jobs would he be most likely to enjoy? a. Night security guard who works alone b. Receptionist at a busy dentist's office c. Insurance inspector who uncovers clues that criminal behavior has occurred d. Elementary school teacher who works with children who have emotional problems

a. Night security guard who works alone

Greg has been diagnosed with schizoid personality disorder. Knowing this, which of the following jobs would he be most likely to enjoy? a. Night-time security guard who works alone b. Receptionist at a busy dentist's office c. Insurance inspector who uncovers clues that criminal behavior has occurred d. Elementary school teacher who works with children who have emotional problems

a. Night-time security guard who works alone

a. One who has fearlessness, low anxiety, and high callousness

most of NIMH's programs are

actually planned and run by state and local organizations

delirium is to dementia as _____ is to _____

acute;chronic

_____ is a psychotherapy that works with the client to change irrational thinking patterns which consist of internalized "shoulds," "oughts," and "musts." These thought patterns are believed to prevent the client from having a more positive sense of self-worth. a. Rational emotive behavioral therapy b. Motivational interviewing c. Dialectical behavior therapy d. Behavioral activation

a. Rational emotive behavioral therapy

Which of the following is a disadvantage of psychopharmacology? a. Relapse is likely when drugs use is terminated. b. Drugs are rarely effective in controlling psychotic symptoms. c. A shortage of psychopharmacologists. d. It is hard to distinguish wanted side effects from unwanted ones.

a. Relapse is likely when drugs use is terminated.

What is the prognosis for anorexia nervosa? a. Relapse rates are high, but recovery can often happen in the long run. b. Most people improve fairly quickly and don't relapse. c. Anorexia has an excellent recovery rate, but the other disorders don't. d. The prognosis is extremely poor, with few recovering from it.

a. Relapse rates are high but recovery can often happen in the long run.

What is the prognosis for anorexia nervosa?

a. Relapse rates are high, but recovery can often happen in the long run.

What would be most helpful to a person with pain disorder?

a. Staying physically active despite the pain.

What does the outcome of psychotherapy depend on? a. The ability of the client and therapist to be successful in achieving a productive working alliance is important for effective therapy. b. A solid base of support and approval from persons important to the client improves the likelihood that the client will persist in therapy. c. Therapists who possess the M.D. or Ph.D. degree have more successful treatment outcomes than do clinicians with fewer credentials. d. Similarity of age, background, and culture between the client and the therapist are the primary predictors of treatment success.

a. The ability of the client and therapist to be successful in achieving a productive working alliance is important for effective therapy.

4. Which statement about personality disorders is accurate? a. The category is broad and encompasses behavioral problems that vary widely in form and severity. b. Personality disorders are considered situation-specific problems in behaving. c. Most personality disorders are extreme reactions to stressful life events. d. Even the milder cases of personality disorder produce severe impairments in social and occupational functioning.

a. The category is broad and encompasses behavioral problems that vary widely in form and severity.

Dr. Clark is making notes about a client. Which of the following best illustrates the analysis of resistance? a. The client is able to talk freely about his mother but not report anything about his father b. On instruction, the client says whatever comes into his/her head, regardless of how silly it sounds c. The client reports a dream about riding a wild horse in a tunnel. d. Reminding the client who has become insulting that she is, after all, a helping professional and not the client's abusive mother

a. The client is able to talk freely about his mother but not report anything about his father

Which of the following statements about obesity and health is true?

a. The heavier the person, the greater the health risks.

Which of the following statements about obesity and health is true? a. The heavier the person, the greater the health risks. b. Only when obesity has a behavioral cause is it dangerous. c. Individuals who are obese, but active, are not at a higher risk of cardiovascular disease. d. Obesity is only a threat to health in cultures where the obesity is due to the consumption of fatty foods and relative inactivity.

a. The heavier the person, the greater the health risks.

17. Which of the following is a factor that complicates determining the causes of personality disorders? a. The high likelihood that an individual with one personality disorder may also have another b. The availability of only prospective data c. The wealth of biological data available d. The inability to gather information from the patients themselves, due to the prevalence of memory disorders among those with personality disorders

a. The high likelihood that an individual with one personality disorder may also have another

a. The symptoms reflect behaviors that involve the pathological need for a substance.

Which of the following statements best summarizes the relationship between sexual abuse and the development of eating disorders? a. There appears to be a relationship, but it appears to be indirect, involving an array of intervening variables. b. There is no relationship between early sexual abuse and the development of eating disorders later in life. c. Early sexual abuse may lead to a denial of one's sexuality and a desire to maintain a child-like appearance, resulting in attempts to prevent the development of a more mature figure through dieting. d. While sexual abuse has been found to increase the risk of developing anorexia, no relationship has been observed between abuse and other eating disorders.

a. There appears to be a relationship, but it appears to be indirect, involving an array of intervening variables.

What recent changes have altered the types of therapy that are available? a. There is an increased need to prove that therapy is effective. b. Psychiatrists are hesitant to write prescriptions for many drugs. c. The increased use of nurses as therapy providers has increased the use of drugs in many community health settings. d. Many popular therapies have been found to do more harm than good.

a. There is an increased need to prove that therapy is effective.

________ is a treatment used for treating depression in which the clinician positions a pulsed magnet over an area of the patient's scalp and increases or decreases neuronal activity in the brain. a. Transcranial magnetic stimulation b. Deep brain stimulation c. Bilateral electroconvulsive therapy d. Prefrontal lobotomy

a. Transcranial magnetic stimulation

______________ uses techniques such as clarification, confrontation, and interpretation to help the patient understand and correct the distortions that occur in his or her perception of other people. a. Transference-focused psychotherapy b. Rational emotive behavior therapy c. Dialectical behavior therapy d. Client-centered therapy

a. Transference-focused psychotherapy

60. Which of the following is most typical of the interpersonal attitudes and behaviors of someone with borderline personality disorder? a. Vacillation between over-idealization and bitter disappointment b. Excessive trust and dependence on others' opinions c. Cruel and callous exploitation of others for personal gain d. Repeated manipulation of others to gain attention

a. Vacillation between over-idealization and bitter disappointment

Which of the following is most typical of the interpersonal attitudes and behaviors of someone with borderline personality disorder? a. Vacillation between overidealization and bitter disappointment b. Excessive trust and dependence on others' opinions c. Cruel and callous exploitation of others for personal gain d. Repeated manipulation of others to gain attention

a. Vacillation between overidealization and bitter disappointment

Which of the following statements about the prevalence of eating disorders in the 20th century is true?

a. While the incidence of anorexia has been increasing, the incidence of bulimia seems to be declining.

Which of the following statements about the prevalence of eating disorders in the 20th century is true? a. While the incidence of anorexia has been increasing, the incidence of bulimia seems to be declining. b. While there is no evidence to indicate that the incidence of anorexia has been changing, the incidence of bulimia has been declining. c. While the incidence of anorexia has been increasing, there is no evidence to suggest a change in the incidence of bulimia. d. While there is no evidence to indicate that the incidence of anorexia has been changing, bulimia appears to be increasing in frequency.

a. While the incidence of anorexia has been increasing, the incidence of bulimia seems to be declining.

For which client is behavior therapy most likely to be effective? a. Wilson, whose complaint is fear of spiders. b. Angela, who has a variety of personality disorders. c. Colin, who is struggling with vague concerns about his career and marital prospects. d. Tamara, who is trying to understand the origins of her personality.

a. Wilson, whose complaint is fear of spiders.

Hannah has been a patient of Dr. Jones for the past year. Dr. Jones often invites Hannah out for coffee or dinner and has been known to kiss Hannah on the cheek. Recently, he suggested that Hannah join him on a trip to the Caribbean. Dr. Jones's behavior is an example of ________ a. a boundary violation. b. a paternalistic therapist. c. enmeshment with the client. d. countertransference.

a. a boundary violation.

Dialectical behavior therapy is a. a promising, problem-focused treatment for borderline personality disorder. b. a long-term therapy for borderline personality disorder that focuses on personality change. c. an old, long-term therapy for borderline personality disorder that has been found to be ineffective. d. is a short-term therapy for borderline personality disorder that involves medication and brief hospitalization.

a. a promising, problem-focused treatment for borderline personality disorder.

Psychotherapy is best viewed as ________ a. a set of tools. b. a system of ethics. c. a means of keeping society "sick." d. a form of mind control.

a. a set of tools.

Family therapy for anorexia appears to be most effective when it is used to treat

a. adolescents.

Family therapy for anorexia appears to be most effective when it is used to treat a. adolescents. b. adults. c. men. d. those with comorbid depressive and/or anxiety symptoms.

a. adolescents.

The inability to learn new information is known as

a. anterograde amnesia.

52. Early criminal behavior is most characteristic of ________ a. antisocial personality disorder. b. borderline personality disorder. c. schizoid personality disorder. d. schizotypal personality disorder.

a. antisocial personality disorder.

Early criminal behavior is most characteristic of a. antisocial personality disorder. b. borderline personality disorder. c. schizoid personality disorder. d. schizotypal personality disorder.

a. antisocial personality disorder.

Psychological and physiological dependence is a well-documented danger of using ________ a. anxiolytics. b. neuroleptics. c. antipsychotics. d. lithium.

a. anxiolytics.

49. The histrionic seeks ________, while the narcissist needs ________. a. attention; admiration b. acceptance; admiration c. admiration; attention d. acceptance; approval

a. attention; admiration

The histrionic seeks ________, while the narcissist needs ________. a. attention; admiration b. acceptance; admiration c. admiration; attention d. acceptance; approval

a. attention; admiration

If Ronald is typical of people with hypochondriasis, he will

a. avoid accepting a psychological explanation for his problems.

37. Luisa is a lively and emotional graduate student. She dresses provocatively and behaves in a very seductive manner with her male professors. She has had a long string of short-lived, stormy romances. Luisa is most likely to have a diagnosis of ________ a. histrionic personality disorder. b. narcissistic personality disorder. c. dependent personality disorder. d. passive-aggressive personality disorder.

a. histrionic personality disorder.

Stu has no friends except his brother. He would desperately love to date women but is certain no woman would be interested in him. He tried a dating service but was convinced that the secretary was trying to get rid of him because he was such a poor candidate. The most likely diagnosis for Stu is a. avoidant personality disorder. b. schizoid personality disorder. c. paranoid personality disorder. d. schizotypal personality disorder.

a. avoidant personality disorder.

Dr. Hart says, "For me, the goal of treatment is not to uncover inner conflicts, but to help the client achieve adaptive responses that he or she can control and maintain through self-monitoring." Dr. Hart probably considers herself to be a ________ therapist. a. behavior b. psychodynamically oriented c. humanistic d. family systems

a. behavior

The use of lithium as a treatment for ________, aside from health risks and reported deaths associated with its use to treat hypertension, was delayed because ___________. a. bipolar disorder; it is a naturally occurring substance that cannot be patented and therefore is not profitable to produce by pharmaceutical companies b. depressive disorder; lawsuits related to the hypertension treatment deaths resulted in the drug receiving a Schedule I classification for many years c. bipolar disorder; use of the drug for treating the disorder still posed health risks when a strict diet was not adhered to d. depressive disorder; producing the drug is quite expensive, thus making it difficult to market

a. bipolar disorder; it is a naturally occurring substance that cannot be patented and therefore is not profitable to produce by pharmaceutical companies

Which of the following is likely to put whites at higher risk of developing an eating disorder than non-whites? a. body dissatisfaction b. living in an industrialized society c. fear of stomach bloating d. desire to please the family

a. body dissatisfaction

Compulsive checking behaviors are characteristic of individuals with

a. body dysmorphic disorder.

64. Transient psychotic and dissociative experiences can occur in ________ personality disorder. a. borderline b. antisocial c. narcissistic d. obsessive-compulsive

a. borderline

Transient psychotic and dissociative experiences can occur in ________ personality disorder. a. borderline b. antisocial c. narcissistic d. obsessive-compulsive

a. borderline

People with body dysmorphic disorder are similar to people with hypochondriasis in that

a. both ask for reassurance about their symptoms but don't feel relief when they get it.

personality disorders were once known as: a. character disorders b. identity disorders c. conduct disorders d. maladaptive behavioral patterns

a. character disorders

Personality disorders were once known as a. character disorders. b. identity disorders. c. conduct disorders. d. maladaptive behavioral patterns.

a. character disorders.

During psychotherapy, client progress is not always smooth or linear. At times, however, clients have been known to make big positive changes from one session to the next. It has been suggested that these changes are the result of ________ a. cognitive changes that the patients experience in critical sessions. b. the patient experiencing an intense emotional catharsis during a session and, consequently, being able to release tension. c. increases in the volume of neural pathways between the prefrontal cortex and parietal regions of the patient's brain. d. the patient developing trust in the therapist and being willing to talk more openly about problems.

a. cognitive changes that the patients experience in critical sessions.

A lack of concern about a physical disability is characteristic of individuals with

a. conversion disorder.

10. Personality disorders can be misdiagnosed more easily than other categories of disorder in part because ________ a. criteria are not as sharply defined. b. many people with personality disorder are inclined to file lawsuits. c. conduct disorders are hidden by family members and employers. d. maladaptive behavioral patterns are common in the general population.

a. criteria are not as sharply defined.

The disorder involving the experience of sudden loss of the sense of self is

a. depersonalization disorder.

Gerard became amnesic, wandered away from home and assumed a completely new identity as a shoe salesman. He suffers from

a. dissociative fugue.

Most people who seek psychological treatment ________ a. do not meet full criteria for a psychological disorder. b. exhibit lifelong difficulties with meeting the demands of daily living. c. have an identifiable biological basis for their problem. d. do so in response to legal or family demands.

a. do not meet full criteria for a psychological disorder.

When a client and therapist are of different races or ethnic backgrounds, the therapeutic outcome ________ a. does not appear to be diminished in any way. b. often is not as satisfactory as when the therapist and client are of the same racial or ethnic group. c. does not appear to be affected as long as they are of the same social class. d. is diminished for female but not for male clients.

a. does not appear to be diminished in any way.

The tension-reduction model of alcoholism a. does not explain why some excessive drinkers are able to maintain control over their drinking while others are not. b. suggests that alcoholism is environmentally determined. c. proposes that alcoholism is an incurable disease. d. provides an explanation for the role that personality traits play in the development of alcohol abuse.

a. does not explain why some excessive drinkers are able to maintain control over their drinking while others are not.

Benzodiazepines work by ________ a. enhancing the activity of GABA receptors. b. blocking reuptake of norepinephrine. c. enhancing the activity of dopamine receptors. d. blocking the reuptake of serotonin.

a. enhancing the activity of GABA receptors.

the histrionic seeks ____ while the narcissist needs _____.

admiration;attention

The reciprocal influence model of alcohol use suggests that a. expectancies of social benefit can influence adolescents to begin or to continue drinking. b. the final common pathway of alcohol use is motivation. c. alcoholics are especially intolerant of stress, and thus susceptible to the tension-reducing properties of alcohol. d. marital partners may enable one another to continue drinking.

a. expectancies of social benefit can influence adolescents to begin or to continue drinking.

Sociocognitive theory

a. explains why symptoms of DID are often not seen until after treatment is initiated.

A questionable therapeutic technique called ________ involved having an individual guide an autistic child's hand over a computer keyboard with the assumption that the child was "talking" through typing on the keyboard. a. facilitated communication b. digital interaction c. enhanced communication d. assisted speech

a. facilitated communication

Which of the following do those with anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa have in common? a. fear of being or becoming fat b. a sense of control c. below normal weight d. restricted eating

a. fear of being or becoming fat

Dasia participated in a therapy session aimed at helping her overcome her fear of spiders. The therapy session consisted of Dasia being taken by her therapist into a room teeming with non-venomous spiders. She was instructed to confront her fear and to remain in the room with the therapist and spiders until she was no longer afraid. The technique used to treat Dasia's fear of spiders is called ________ a. flooding. b. imaginal exposure. c. systematic desensitization. d.counterconditioning

a. flooding.

While completing symptom-provocation tasks, pre- and post-_________ measurements were used to assess treatment effectiveness with 10 outpatients who had obsessive-compulsive disorder. The follow-up assessment revealed ___________, suggesting that treatment was effective. a. functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI); less activation in the orbitofrontal cortex b. positron emission tomography (PET); increased temporal lobe activity c. functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI); decreased temporal lobe activity d. positron emission tomography (PET); more activation in the orbitofrontal cortex

a. functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI); less activation in the orbitofrontal cortex

a cognitive explanation for schizoid personality disorder proposes that the individual with this disorder believes a. he is basically alone b. few people can be trusted c. no one can live up to his or her expectations d. he is misunderstood

a. he is basically alone

A cognitive explanation for schizoid personality disorder proposes that the individual with this disorder believes that a. he is basically alone. b. few people can be trusted. c. no one can live up to his or her expectations. d. he is misunderstood.

a. he is basically alone.

The focus of integrative behavioral couple therapy (IBCT) is to ________ a. help each member of the couple come to terms with and accept some of the limitations of his or her partner. b. teach partners to resolve their conflicts in a more constructive way through training in communication skills and adaptive problem solving. c. help the couple understand and correct the distortions that occur in their perception of each other. d. help the couple understand past familial roles they may be acting out in their current relationship.

a. help each member of the couple come to terms with and accept some of the limitations of his or her partner.

Abby is participating in cognitive-behavioral therapy to treat her depression. Her therapist will ________ a. help her conduct "experiments" to test a variety of hypotheses about the accuracy of her cognitions. b. use empathy and accurate reflection so that Abby will come to accept the ways she interprets her experience. c. be nondirective in helping her change. d. demonstrate ways of acting and then ask her to imitate these.

a. help her conduct "experiments" to test a variety of hypotheses about the accuracy of her cognitions.

The goal of motivational interviewing is to ________ a. help the client resolve ambivalence about change and make a commitment to treatment. b. identify aspects of the client's self or world that are not being acknowledged in their awareness. c. assist the client in being able to assess the rationality of their beliefs and to challenge personally held irrational beliefs. d. address interpersonal issues that are played out during the therapy session between the therapist and the client.

a. help the client resolve ambivalence about change and make a commitment to treatment.

Client-centered psychotherapy, as developed by Carl Rogers, emphasizes ________ a. helping people remove constraints and restrictions that grow out of unrealistic demands that they place on themselves. b. the need to resolve unconscious conflicts that are blocking an individual's ability to have a fulfilling life. c. assisting people in recognizing the impact early relationships have on how clients interpret current relationships in life. d. challenging irrational beliefs that are preventing an individual from having a fulfilling life.

a. helping people remove constraints and restrictions that grow out of unrealistic demands that they place on themselves.

Luisa is a lively and emotional graduate student. She dresses provocatively and behaves in a very seductive manner with her male professors. She has had a long string of short-lived, stormy romances. Luisa is most likely to have a diagnosis of a. histrionic personality disorder. b. narcissistic personality disorder. c. dependent personality disorder. d. passive-aggressive personality disorder.

a. histrionic

Ginger suffers from anorexia. She is often angry and irritable. These feelings a. may be the result of her starving herself. b. were probably modeled by her father and mother. c. suggest that she does not suffer from "neuroticism." d. must have predated the onset of the anorexia.

a. may be the result of her starving herself.

Luisa is a lively and emotional graduate student. She dresses provocatively and behaves in a very seductive manner with her male professors. She has had a long string of short-lived, stormy romances. Luisa is most likely to have a diagnosis of a. histrionic personality disorder. b. narcissistic personality disorder. c. dependent personality disorder. d. passive-aggressive personality disorder.

a. histrionic personality disorder.

Catastrophizing about minor bodily sensations is characteristic of individuals with both

a. hypochondriasis and somatization disorder.

Dysfunctional assumptions about symptoms and diseases are a component of a cognitive-behavioral explanation of

a. hypochondriasis.

In recent years, psychosurgery has been used with patients who have severe obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Although many of these patients obtain relief from clinical symptoms of OCD, on follow-up, a large percentage of these patients exhibit __________ a. impaired executive functioning on cognitive tests, problems with apathy, and disinhibited behavior. b. motor coordination problems and problems with depth perception. c. anterograde memory problems. d. high levels of anxiety and depression.

a. impaired executive functioning on cognitive tests, problems with apathy, and disihinbited behavior.

Persons at high risk for developing alcohol-related problems tend to be more ________ than those at low risk. a. impulsive b. vain c. dependent d. submissive

a. impulsive

Sibutramine acts to reduce appetite by a. inhibiting the reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine. b. decreasing the activity of serotonin and norepinephrine. c. blocking receptors for serotonin and norepinephrine. d. interfering with digestion.

a. inhibiting the reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine.

Somatization disorder

a. involves multiple symptoms of at least four different types.

Leptin

a. is a hormone that usually leads to decreased food intake.

Leptin a. is a hormone that usually leads to decreased food intake. b. is a hormone that is not related in any way to obesity. c. is a hormone that helps the body regain its set-point. d. is a hormone that is an appetite stimulator.

a. is a hormone that usually leads to decreased food intake.

the five-factor model: a. is a model of normal personality that includes an expanded description of the five basic personality dimensions b. is a model that attempts to explain personality disorders by dividing them into five main categories c. is a model that explains the causes of personality disorders by describing the five most important factors that lead to their development d. is a five-step model for the treatment of personality disorders.

a. is a model of normal personality that includes an expanded description of the five basic personality dimensions

The five- factor model a. is a model of normal personality that includes an expanded description of the five basic personality dimensions. b. is a model that attempts to explain personality disorders by dividing them into five main categories. c. is a model that explains the causes of personality disorders by describing the five most important factors that lead to their development. d. is a five-step model for the treatment of personality disorders.

a. is a model of normal personality that includes an expanded description of the five basic personality dimensions.

Lanugo

a. is a soft hair that grows on the body of people with anorexia.

Lanugo a. is a soft hair that grows on the body of people with anorexia. b. is another name for an eating binge. c. is the term for the stopping of a woman's menstrual periods. d. is the lack of concern people with anorexia show about their condition.

a. is a soft hair that grows on the body of people with anorexia.

Binge-eating disorder a. is an eating disorder diagnosis most recently added to the DSM-5. b. has not yet been formally recognized as a distinct clinical syndrome. c. usually develops into anorexia, binge-eating/purging subtype. d. is more common in males than in females.

a. is an eating disorder diagnosis most recently added to the DSM-5.

The presence of psychopathy a. is the single best predictor of future violence and crime recidivism. b. means that a person also has antisocial personality disorder. c. means a person is less likely to be violent and to repeat crimes. d. is the single best predictor that treatment will be successful.

a. is the single best predictor of future violence and crime recidivism.

The newer antianxiety drug Buspar has the advantage that ________ a. it has a low potential for abuse. b. it works better than other antianxiety drugs. c. it works on more anxiety disorders than the other drugs. d. it works faster than the other drugs.

a. it has a low potential for abuse.

Alcohol amnestic disorder may occur due to a. low thiamine levels. b. decreased GABA levels. c. high opioid levels. d. impaired serotonergic functioning.

a. low thiamine levels.

The German man, in the study mentioned in the text, who had dissociative fugue, denied that he could speak German. However, he learned German-English word pairs much faster than control words. This supports that

a. mainly episodic memory is lost, implicit memory stays intact.

Consciously faking symptoms is characteristic of

a. malingering.

Passing out from a high blood level of alcohol a. may actually be a safety device. b. means a person has not yet developed tolerance. c. means that a person's blackouts have worsened and increased over time. d. may be the result of an allergic reaction to alcohol.

a. may actually be a safety device.

Ginger suffers from anorexia. She is often angry and irritable. These feelings

a. may be the result of her starving herself.

In Keller's research study of depressed patients, more patients did well in the _________ condition than in the __________ condition, but the _________ was clearly the most effective. a. medication-only, psychotherapy-only, combined treatment b. psychotherapy-only, medication-only, combined treatment c. combined treatment, psychotherapy-only, medication-only d. combined treatment, medication-only, psychotherapy -only

a. medication-only, psychotherapy-only, combined treatment

Medications are often used without including psychotherapy to treat psychological disorders. A downside of focusing only on treatment with medication is that _________ a. medications may alleviate symptoms by inducing biochemical changes, but do not help the individual understand and change the personal or situational factors that may be creating or reinforcing maladaptive behaviors. b. patients can become addicted to medications, thus requiring a lifetime use of the medication or a slow withdrawal from the medication. c. insurance companies require larger client co-payments for medications than what is required for psychotherapy. d. ensuring patient compliance with consistently taking medication is difficult.

a. medications may alleviate symptoms by inducing biochemical changes, but do not help the individual understand and change the personal or situational factors that may be creating or reinforcing maladaptive behaviors.

Assessing the treatment needs and outcomes of minority groups is difficult to fully assess because ________ a. minority groups are seriously underrepresented in treatment research studies. b. most therapy researchers are not members of a minority group and may possess unconscious cultural biases that can impact the implementation and interpretation of therapy research. c. differences in culture make it difficult to determine what the actual treatment needs of minority groups are. d. many minority groups do not self-identify in research protocols.

a. minority groups are seriously underrepresented in treatment research studies.

16. The five-factor model is a ________ a. model of normal personality that includes an expanded description of the five basic personality dimensions. b. model that attempts to explain personality disorders by dividing them into five main categories. c. model that explains the causes of personality disorders by describing the five most important factors that lead to their development. d. five-step model for the treatment of personality disorders.

a. model of normal personality that includes an expanded description of the five basic personality dimensions.

The first group drugs developed and used to treat depression were ________ a. monoamine oxidase inhibitors . b. tricyclic antidepressants. c. serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors. d. selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors.

a. monoamine oxidase inhibitors

According to a recent meta-analysis of 40 years of data on cognitive-behavioral therapy, _________ a. more experienced clinicians have better treatment effects than less experienced ones. b. is less effective than aversion therapy and other behavioral techniques. c. male patients benefit more than female patients. d. the changes it produces in the brain are only temporary.

a. more experienced clinicians have better treatment effects than less experienced ones.

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) increases or decreases ________ within a patient. a. neuronal activity b. blood pressure c. heart rate d. anxiety and stress levels

a. neuronal activity

In order to make therapy a better fit for men, it has been suggested that ________ a. new treatment approaches should be developed to recognize that many men see little value in talking about their problems and may respond more positively to action-focused treatments. b. treatment should be less focused on abstract concepts, such as self-actualization, and more on concrete solutions. c. in order to benefit from therapy, male clients need to develop a "feeling language" through affective skills training before moving into problem-resolution work of therapy. d. contemporary treatment for men should include exposure to emotionally expressive alternative role models in order to help men "normalize" their need for treatment.

a. new treatment approaches should be developed to recognize that many men see little value in talking about their problems and may respond more positively to action-focused treatments.

greg has been diagnosed with schizoid personality disorder. Knowing this, which of the following jobs would he be most likely to enjoy? a. night time security guard who works alone b. receptionist at a busy dentist office c. insurance inspector who uncovers clues that criminal behavior has occurred d. elementary school teacher who works with children with emotional problems

a. night time security guard who works alone

In terms of values, psychotherapy should ________ a. not be a system of ethics. b. mold clients to fit the behavioral expectations of the larger culture. c. be understood as a set of tools that are used as the therapist sees fit, regardless of the client's perceived needs. d. be a conduit for political activism and social change.

a. not be a system of ethics.

20. Helen is suspicious and doubts the loyalty of even her friends. She is unwilling to forgive perceived insults and never forgets a grudge. She is most likely to be diagnosed with ________ personality disorder. a. paranoid b. histrionic c. schizoid d. schizotypal

a. paranoid

Helen is suspicious and doubts the loyalty of even her friends. She is unwilling to forgive perceived insults and never forgets a grudge. She is most likely diagnosed with _____ Personality disorder. a. paranoid b. histrionic c. schizoid d. schizotypal

a. paranoid

Maria is a successful financial analyst who has been married for 20 years and is the mother of two adolescent children. Although Maria feels loved by family and friends and is happy in work and marriage, she recently entered therapy. Maria's reason for entering therapy most likely is for ________ a. personal growth reasons. b. an awareness of her own mortality and the aging process. c. a nagging desire to be helpless and taken care of by someone else. d. a growing fear of the impact of environmental changes.

a. personal growth reasons.

unlike disorders like depression and PTSD, a. personality disorders develop gradually b. multiple causal events can be identified when a personality disorder has developed c. those with personality disorders experience considerable subjective distress d. personality disorders are emotional disorders

a. personality disorders develop gradually

3. Unlike disorders such as depression and PTSD, ________ a. personality disorders develop gradually. b. multiple causal events can be identified when a personality disorder has developed. c. those with personality disorders experience considerable subjective distress. d. personality disorders are emotional disorders.

a. personality disorders develop gradually.

Unlike disorders like depression and PTSD, a. personality disorders develop gradually. b. multiple causal events can be identified when a personality disorder has developed. c. those with personality disorders experience considerable subjective distress. d. personality disorders are emotional disorders.

a. personality disorders develop gradually.

Unlike psychoactive substance abuse, psychoactive substance dependence usually involves a. physiological symptoms such as tolerance and withdrawal. b. continued use despite social and occupational problems. c. pathological use of the substance. d. the use of substances that laws prohibit one from buying or using.

a. physiological symptoms such as tolerance and withdrawal.

A basic assumption of cognitive-behavior therapy is ________ a. problems can be solved using pragmatic techniques that change thinking and behavior. b. abnormal behavior is learned like normal behavior and can be unlearned. c. people have the freedom and responsibility to control their own lives. d. only observable behaviors can really be changed.

a. problems can be solved using pragmatic techniques that change thinking and behavior.

Neuroleptics are used to treat ________ a. psychotic disorders. b. mood disorders. c. anxiety disorders. d. impulse-control disorders.

a. psychotic disorders.

Pharmaceutical companies are required by the FDA to conduct studies measuring drug efficacy by using informed human subjects that are randomly assigned to either a group that receives the drug being investigated or a group receiving a placebo. These studies are referred to as ________ a. randomized clinical trials (RCTs). b. randomized treatment efficacy trials (RTETs). c. calibrated clinical trials (CCTs). d. government-endorsed clinical trials (GECTs).

a. randomized clinical trials (RCTs).

The text presented the case of Mary Kendall, who suffered from dissociative identity disorder. She is typical of individuals with this disorder in that

a. she has periods of "lost time."

The Brady family is attending family therapy sessions. The therapist has told them, "If the whole family context changes, Jan's problem behavior will change as well." The family therapist probably agrees with the ________ therapy approach. a. structural family b. behavioral family c. cognitive d. conjoint family

a. structural family

The text reported the case of a 6-year-old boy who had a history of disruptive behavior in class. His parents and teacher were instructed to ignore the disruptive behavior while reinforcing appropriate behavior. This is an example of ________ a. systematic reinforcement. b. modeling. c. aversion therapy. d. systematic desensitization.

a. systematic reinforcement.

Treatment with conventional antipsychotic medications such as chlorpromazine can cause patients to develop __________, which is __________. a. tardive dyskinesia; a movement abnormality b. bradykinesia; difficulty with maintaining posture and balance c. tachycardia; a faster than normal heart rate d. athetosis; difficulty swallowing or clearing the throat

a. tardive dyskinesia; a movement abnormality

which statement about personality disorders is accurate a. the category is broad and encompasses behavioral problems that vary widely in form and severity b. the personality disorders are considered situation-specific problems in behaving c. most of the personality disorders are extreme reactions to stressful life events d. even the milder cases of personality disorders produce severe impariments in social and occupational functioning

a. the category is broad and encompasses behavioral problems that vary widely in form and severity

To summarize what is known about psychotherapy effectiveness, we can say that ________ a. the chances of an average client benefiting significantly are impressive. b. for disorders that have a brief duration, treatment provides no obvious benefit. c. degree of improvement and number of therapy sessions are unrelated. d.all therapy outcomes are positive or neutral, none are negative

a. the chances of an average client benefiting significantly are impressive.

behoavior theory is based on the belief that

abnormal behavior is learned the same ways as normal behavior and can be unlearned

how does vascular dementia differ from Ahlzeimer's disease?

accompanying mood disorders are more common

Researchers studying psychotherapy have attempted to apply methodology similar to that used in drug studies in order to evaluate effectiveness. One factor that makes using this model for evaluating therapies challenging is _________ a. the difficulty of creating a placebo condition that will appear credible to patients. b. the problem of assessing what content from the psychotherapy sessions should be confidential and what content can be included for research analysis. c. the higher attrition rate for participants in therapy studies compared to those participating in drug studies. d. recruiting participants for psychotherapy research is more difficult than recruiting participants for drug trials.

a. the difficulty of creating a placebo condition that will appear credible to patients.

An example of a moderating influence would be a. the effect of time on outcome expectancy about alcohol. b. a wife enabling her husband to continue drinking by making excuses for him. c. a gene that reduces the chances of a person becoming an alcoholic. d. the impact of therapy on the divorce and suicide rates of alcoholics.

a. the effect of time on outcome expectancy about alcohol.

which of the following is a factor that complicates determining the causes of personality disorders a. the high likelihood that an individual with one personality disorder may also have another b. the availability of only prospective data c. the wealth of biological data available d. the inability to gather information from the patients themselves, due to the prevalence of memory disorders among those with personality

a. the high likelihood that an individual with one personality disorder may also have another

Weisman and colleagues have developed culturally informed treatments for the families of patients with schizophrenia that considers ________ a. the role of family cohesiveness as well as spirituality and religion in the therapy process. b. nutritional and financial counseling as important stability factors in treatment success. c. the importance of improving assimilation of the minority member into the dominant culture. d. education about schizophrenia through clinicians and other mental health professionals from the same culture.

a. the role of family cohesiveness as well as spirituality and religion in the therapy process.

Which of the following is characteristic of the binge-eating/purging type of anorexia? a. the use of laxatives b. 30 to 50 percent of those who begin by binge-eating and purging become restricting type anorexics c. body weight is within normal range d. efforts to restrict food intake

a. the use of laxatives

Concerning the causes of alcoholism, a. there are probably several different patterns of causes associated with several different types of alcohol dependence. b. there is strong evidence that individuals at risk for alcohol dependence inherit a faulty metabolism. c. most research evidence points to genetic liability as the primary cause of alcohol dependence in men, but not in women. d. the causes of alcohol dependence are primarily psychosocial rather than biological in nature.

a. there are probably several different patterns of causes associated with several different types of alcohol dependence.

An analysis of psychodynamically oriented psychotherapy found that ________ a. there is great promise in it for borderline personality disorder. b. results of this therapy are largely unsuccessful. c. those that stress traditional psychoanalytic principles have the highest degree of success. d. the interpersonal forms of treatment are among the least useful.

a. there is great promise in it for borderline personality disorder.

In the mid-20th century, prefrontal lobotomies were popular as a treatment because ________ a. there were not many other available treatments. b. they worked so well. c. they worked faster than any other treatment. d. they worked for so many disorders.

a. there were not many other available treatments.

Therapy outcome studies depend on ratings of the changes seen in clients. One reason that therapists' ratings may be unreliable is because ________ a. they cannot see the client's behavior in a range of settings. b. they have a limited range of clients on whom to compare an individual client's improvement. c. they usually base their judgments on superficial personality tests. d. they are not in a good position to compare behavior before and after treatment.

a. they cannot see the client's behavior in a range of settings.

Contemporary therapists often describe their approach to treatment as "eclectic." By this term, therapists imply that ________ a. they combine concepts and techniques from various schools of psychological thought in order to best meet the needs of the client. b. their treatment approach may involve a number of different techniques practiced within the school of thought that the therapists adhere to. c. therapeutic interventions will follow an acceptance-based model of treatment. d. treatment may involve practices from Eastern philosophical points of view.

a. they combine concepts and techniques from various schools of psychological thought in order to best meet the needs of the client.

Clinicians may not be the best judge of client success because ________ a. they may be biased in favor of seeing themselves as competent and successful. b. they may overpathologize client difficulties. c. they are limited by their own cultural definitions of successful adaptation. d. they may fall prey to a patient's attempt to flatter or please the clinician with false life details.

a. they may be biased in favor of seeing themselves as competent and successful.

Traditional behavioral couples therapy ________ a. uses training in communication skills and adaptive problem-solving to increase caring behaviors in couples. b. tries to involve spouses in the treatment of people with severe mental disorders to prevent relapse after they are released from the hospital. c. treats the couple together for any problems that only one of them has, because the couple is seen as a "system" that influences each other. d. uses training in relaxation skills and imagery to reduce anxiety in couples.

a. uses training in communication skills and adaptive problem-solving to increase caring behaviors in couples.

When it comes to the effectiveness of treatment for dissociative disorders, we know

a. very little.

Early criminal behavior is most characteristic of: a. antisocial personality disorder b. borderline personality disorder c. schizoid personality disorder d. schizotypal personality disorder

antisocial personality disorder

Henry was a charming middle-aged man who came to the attention of authorities on bigamy charges. He had a long history of courting and supposedly marrying elderly widows, then absconding with their money. His diagnosis is most likely: a. narcissistic personality disorder b. borderline personality disorder c. histrionic personality disorder d. antisocial personality disorder

antisocial personality disorder

The individual with which of the following diagnoses is most likely to also abuse alcohol? a. borderline personality disorder b. antisocial personality disorder c. dissociative identity disorder d. somatization disorder

antisocial personality disorder

early criminal behavior is most characteristic of

antisocial personality disorder

henry was a charming middle-aged man who came to the attention of authorities on bigamy charges. he had a long history of courting and supposedly marrying elderly widows, then absconding with their money. His diagnosis is most likely

antisocial personality disorder

oscar has been prescribed the following drugs over the years: valium, serax, and ativan. we can gues that oscar has had problems with

anxiety and insomnia

Psychological and physiological dependence is a well-documented danger of using

anxiolytics

the finding that prenatal viral exposure, rhesus incompatibility, and early nutritional deficiency are associated with an increased risk of developing schizophrenia indicates that

anything that interferes with normal brain development might lead to a greater risk of schizophrenia

The finding that prenatal viral exposure, rhesus incompatibility, and early nutritional deficiency are associated with an increased risk of developing schizophrenia indicates that

anything that interferes with normal brain development might lead to a greater risk of schizophrenia.

The finding that prenatal viral exposure, rhesus incompatibility, and early nutritional deficiency are associated with an increased risk of developing schizophrenia indicates that ________

anything that interferes with normal brain development might lead to a greater risk of schizophrenia.

children born with phenylketonuria

appear normal

caregivers of patients with Alzheimer's disease

are at extraordinarily high risk for depression

Andrea has anorexia nervosa, restricting type. Which of the following behaviors would you expect her to have?

b. Cutting up her food into little pieces when she eats

george is in second grade and is having trouble. He frequently is out of his seat, looking at the work of other students and annoying them by making comments. He interrupts the teacher, blurts out answers before she finishes the question, and usually needs directions repeated multiple times. At home, his mother says he is always "on the go." The most likely diagnosis for George is

attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

The histrionic seeks ________, while the narcissist needs ________. a. attention; admiration b. acceptance; admiration c. admiration; attention d. acceptance; approval

attention; admiration

what type of hallucinations are most common

auditory

the use of drugs with noxious effects and viewing movies that elicit disgust are both techniques associated with

aversion therapy

the use of durge that have noxious effects and viewing movies that elicit disgust are both techniques associated with

aversion therapy

. Sharon says, "I would love to be in an intimate relationship. My life is terribly boring and lonely. But I am extremely shy and I would fall apart if any man criticized me in the slightest." This description best matches the symptoms of ________ personality disorder.

avoidant

avoidant personality disorder

Stu has no friends except his brother. He would desperately love to date women but is certain no woman would be interested in him. He tried a dating service but was convinced that the secretary was trying to get rid of him because he was such a poor candidate. The most likely diagnosis for Stu is: a. avoidant personality disorder b. schizoid personality disorder c. paranoid personality disorder d. schizotypal personality disorder

avoidant personality disorder

The inability to initiate or persist in goal-directed activity is called _________

avolition.

What percentage of U.S. adults receives professional mental health care each year? a. 10% b. 15% c. 18% d. 30%

b. 15%

What is usually used as a placebo in a study of psychosocial treatments? a. A sugar pill b. A wait list c. Self-help meetings d. Group therapy

b. A wait list

The individual with which of the following diagnoses is most likely to also abuse alcohol? a. Borderline personality disorder b. Antisocial personality disorder c. Dissociative identity disorder d. Somatization disorder

b. Antisocial personality disorder

Julia has just been prescribed a monoamine oxidase inhibitor to treat her depression. What warning should her doctor give her? a. Stay out of the sun. b. Avoid foods containing tyramine. c. Don't try to drive a car. d. You may have a manic episode.

b. Avoid foods containing tyramine.

Which of the following is not an element of a therapeutic alliance? a. A sense of working together to solve a problem b. Client acceptance of the therapist's theoretical orientation c. Agreement between client and therapist about the goals of therapy d. An affective bond between the client and therapist

b. Client acceptance of the therapist's theoretical orientation

b. Contingency management

Which of the following disorders was once the most frequently diagnosed disorder among soldiers in World War I?

b. Conversion disorder

According to the views of Carl Rogers, what is an important component in therapy? a. Creating an environment of strict rules and much guidance b. Creating an environment where the patient feels accepted, understood, and valued c. Restructuring thought processes d. Reinforcing adaptive behaviors with rewards

b. Creating an environment where the patient feels accepted, understood, and valued

Betty was admitted to the hospital in a state of withdrawal from alcohol. She was diagnosed with alcohol withdrawal delirium (formerly known as delirium tremens). She most likely showed which of the following behaviors? a. Delusions of grandeur and an inability to get to sleep b. Disorientation for time and place and vivid hallucinations c. Severe memory deficit and the tendency to falsify reporting events (confabulation) d. Prolonged sleep followed by convulsions and heart failure

b. Disorientation for time and place and vivid hallucinations

Which statement about the treatment of eating disorders is most accurate? a. There are very few options available in the treatment of eating disorders. b. Family support and the patient's commitment to change are important to lasting recovery. c. There are virtually no situations in which hospitalization is necessary to treat eating disorders. d. Family involvement in treatment tends to undercut the chances of lasting recovery in the patient.

b. Family support and the patient's commitment to change are important to lasting recovery.

Which of the following countries has the highest per capita rate of alcohol consumption? a. Argentina b. France c. Germany d. United States

b. France

Based on current research, which statement is most justified? a. Genetics play such a strong role, they are a sufficient condition for schizophrenia. b. Genetics increase a person's vulnerability to develop schizophrenia. c. Genetics may not be sufficient for schizophrenia, but everyone who develops schizophrenia must have some number of "schizophrenia genes." d. Genetics cannot play a significant role in the cause of schizophrenia because most people with the disorder have no close relatives who have it.

b. Genetics increase a person's vulnerability to develop schizophrenia.

46. Which of the following distinguishes narcissistic personality disorder from the other Cluster B disorders? a. Emotionality b. Grandiosity c. Impulsivity d. Vanity

b. Grandiosity

Which of the following distinguishes narcissistic personality disorder from the other Cluster B disorders? a. Emotionality b. Grandiosity c. Impulsivity d. Vanity

b. Grandiosity

Why is family therapy currently being investigated as a treatment for anorexia?

b. Healthier family relationships have been found to affect treatment outcome.

Why is family therapy currently being investigated as a treatment for anorexia? a. Family therapy has been found to be the most effective form of therapy for bulimia. b. Healthier family relationships have been found to affect treatment outcome. c. The well-established role of the family in the development of eating disorders necessitates the involvement of the family in their treatment. d. CBT and other forms of individual psychotherapy have been found to be ineffective.

b. Healthier family relationships have been found to affect treatment outcome.

Which basic personality traits from the five-factor model seem most important in the development of histrionic personality disorder? a. Low openness to feelings and high fantasy proneness b. High extraversion and high neuroticism c. High neuroticism and low agreeableness d. High conscientiousness and low assertiveness

b. High extraversion and high neuroticism

b. High impulsivity and affective instability

b. High introversion and high neuroticism

27. Which basic personality traits from the five-factor model seem most important in the development of schizoid personality disorder? a. Low agreeableness and high antagonism b. High introversion and low openness to feelings c. High introversion and low agreeableness d. Low excitement seeking and high fantasy proneness

b. High introversion and low openness to feelings

40. Which personality disorder may be disproportionally diagnosed in only one gender, based on the influence of some form of sex bias? a. Schizoid b. Histrionic c. Narcissistic d. Dependent

b. Histrionic

Which of the following is a disadvantage of psychotherapy? a. It is ineffective in treating severe mental disorders. b. It takes time. c. It is significantly more expensive than all other forms of treatment. d. It is generally less effective than talking out your problems with a friend or family member.

b. It takes time.

Following the rejection of his latest novel, Jim experienced an inability to make some movements with his right hand. While he was unable to write, he could scratch and make other simple motions with his affected hand. Two weeks later he was able to write again. What is unique about Jim's case of conversion disorder?

b. Jim is male, and most people with this disorder are women.

John and Ira eat dinner together after work. Several hours later, each starts to feel nausea and stomach pains. John is a hypochondriac, Ira is not. Most likely:

b. John will think that he has stomach cancer and Ira will think the food he ate made him sick.

Which of the following is an example of a negative symptom of schizophrenia? a. Julia heard voices that told her she was evil. b. Karen no longer socialized with her friends. c. Ellen suspected that her husband had poisoned her food. d. Georgia's speech sounded normal, but made no sense

b. Karen no longer socialized with her friends.

b. Many people who have antisocial personality disorder do not have psychopathy

What is the relationship between obesity and social class? a. There is none. b. Obesity occurs much more frequently in lower social class adults and children. c. Obesity occurs much more frequently in lower social class adults but higher SES children. d. Obesity occurs much more frequently in higher social class adults and children.

b. Obesity occurs much more frequently in lower social class adults and children.

What do all of the Cluster A disorders have in common? a. Lack of emotional expression b. Oddness or eccentricity c. Clear link to schizophrenia d. Trust in other people

b. Oddness or eccentricity

According to rational-emotive behavior therapy, which of the following is one of the irrational beliefs at the core of psychological maladjustment? a. Moderation in all activities leads to greater long-term satisfaction. b. One should be thoroughly competent and intelligent in all respects. c. It is undesirable when things are not the way we would like them to be. d. One should do everything possible, within one's means, to live a fulfilling life.

b. One should be thoroughly competent and intelligent in all respects.

Which of the following is most commonly found in families of girls with anorexia?

b. Parents who emphasize rules, control, and good physical appearance.

Which of the following is most commonly found in families of girls with anorexia? a. Parents who are unconventional, dramatic, and antisocial. b. Parents who emphasize rules, control, and good physical appearance. c. Sibling rivalry that breaks out into physical and verbal aggression. d. Children who reduce psychological tension in the family by dominating their parents.

b. Parents who emphasize rules, control, and good physical appearance.

Which of the following appears to be an enduring personality trait of people who are susceptible to developing an eating disorder?

b. Perfectionism

Which of the following complicates the study of personality traits and eating disorders? a. Personality disorders are always seen in those with eating disorders. b. Personality may be altered by malnourishment. c. Eating disorders may merely be a symptom of a personality disorder. d. Both personality disorders and eating disorders are highly subjective diagnostic categories, thus the collection of empirical data is tainted by the nature of these conditions.

b. Personality may be altered by malnourishment.

Which of the following is likely a sign of disorganized schizophrenia? a. Dillon believes he is God, but will respond to any direction he is given. b. Peter appears to feel no emotion and tends to make odd facial expressions and movements. c. Kyle constantly is asking for a doctor as he is convinced that his stomach is going to explode. d. Trista fears for her life because the pictures on the wall have told her that she is not safe.

b. Peter appears to feel no emotion and tends to make odd facial expressions and movements.

Which of the following has been found to lead to an increased risk of developing schizophrenia? a. Prenatal alcohol exposure. b. Prenatal influenza exposure. c. Alcohol use during middle adulthood. d. Influenza exposure between ages 5 and 10.

b. Prenatal influenza exposure.

Which type of mental health professional is able to prescribe psychoactive medications in every state? a. Clinical psychologist b. Psychiatrist c. Psychiatric nurse d. Psychiatric social worker

b. Psychiatrist

An employee evaluation: "He takes what he wants rather than earns it. He hates routine and boredom more than anything else. Thrill-seeking and impulsive actions have gotten him fired from this job. It will get him fired at many others." What kind of disorder does the employee illustrate? a. Histrionic personality disorder b. Psychopathy c. Borderline personality disorder d. Substance abuse

b. Psychopathy

24. Sam shows little emotion and is a loner. He has no social relationships, other than his family, and he seems to experience little pleasure, if any. What personality disorder might Sam have? a. Paranoid b. Schizoid c. Borderline d. Narcissistic

b. Schizoid

What neurotransmitter seems to be involved in both eating disorders and depression?

b. Serotonin

After learning of her father's death, Sophia felt dazed and confused but still retained her sense of self. When speaking of her response to the news, she said she felt like she was in a movie watching the events happening to her. Despite this strange feeling, she understood what was happening and did the things that she needed to do. What can be said of Sophia's response to her father's death?

b. She experienced an instance of derealization.

Dan's various medical complaints and hospital stays finally led him to a psychiatrist. After a thorough medical and psychological evaluation, the twenty-eight-year-old teacher and father of two was diagnosed with both depression and somatization disorder. What is atypical about this case summary?

b. Somatization disorder is seen much more commonly in women.

Which of the following statements is correct about changes for the diagnosis of schizophrenia in the DSM-5? a. Schizophrenia will not be included in the DSM-5 b. Subtypes of schizophrenia were removed but the diagnosis of schizophrenia will remain c. Only the paranoid subtype remains d. Only the catatonic subtype remains

b. Subtypes of schizophrenia were removed but the diagnosis of schizophrenia will remain

62. Self-mutilation, such as is seen in borderline personality disorder, is ________ a. a form of suicidal behavior. b. a form of self-punishment. c. done to reduce depression. d. associated with an increase in anxiety and depression.

b. a form of self-punishment.

b. The average life span of an alcoholic is twelve years shorter than the average citizen.

What is unique about binge-eating disorder (BED) as compared to the eating disorders currently found in the DSM?

b. The gender difference in its prevalence is minimal.

What is unique about binge-eating disorder (BED) as compared to the eating disorders currently found in the DSM? a. Those with BED are commonly of normal body weight. b. The patient age is usually older. c. It develops earlier in life than other eating disorders. d. Few of those with BED develop weight-related health problems.

b. The patient age is usually older.

b. The person with borderline personality disorder gets angry, and the person with dependent personality disorder becomes submissive.

b. The symptoms tend to be maladaptive exaggerations of traits normally seen in women.

Which of the following people is more likely exhibiting paranoid schizophrenia? a. The teen who has been in a catatonic state for several days b. The woman who believes she is being persecuted because she is Helen of Troy c. The man who shows little emotion,and who makes no sense when he speaks d. The mother of three who first showed signs of schizophrenia in her teens and now is unable to care for herself or her children.

b. The woman who believes she is being persecuted because she is Helen of Troy

Which statement about the diagnosis of eating disorders is accurate? a. A person meeting the criteria for bulimia rarely, if ever, has been diagnosed with anorexia. b. There is quite a lot of diagnostic crossover in eating disorders. c. Although the symptoms of anorexia and bulimia do not overlap, women with eating disorders often have other diagnosable psychiatric conditions. d. Although anorexia and bulimia are quite similar, women with eating disorders rarely have a comorbid psychological condition.

b. There is quite a lot of diagnostic crossover in eating disorders.

Which of the following is true of opposite sex alters in DID?

b. They are quite common.

b. They have no time for relationships due to excessive devotion to work.

Why might opiate antagonists be used in the treatment of alcoholism? a. To minimize withdrawal b. To minimize cravings c. To make alcohol aversive d. To prevent alcohol from acting on the brain's reward system

b. To minimize cravings

According to psychoanalysts, what is the therapist's task when doing dream analysis? a. Overcome the client's natural tendency to resist change. b. Uncover the disguised meanings of the manifest content. c. Explain that the latent and manifest content have little to do with one another. d. Reduce the client's tendency to use transference when he/she remembers a dream.

b. Uncover the disguised meanings of the manifest content.

b. Using charm to make a strong first impression.

Which of the following statements most clearly summarizes our understanding of schizophrenia? a. The relative influence of nature and nurture has been established. b. While much is known about the causes of schizophrenia, there are many questions still to be answered. c. The role of genes in schizophrenia is negligible. d. Schizophrenia is primarily caused by expressed emotion in families.

b. While much is known about the causes of schizophrenia, there are many questions still to be answered.

Which statement best describes trends in actual and ideal weight in American young women?

b. While the weight of the average woman is increasing, the average weight of the ideal woman is decreasing.

Which statement best describes trends in actual and ideal weight in American young women? a. While the weight of the average woman is decreasing, the average weight of the ideal woman is decreasing even faster. b. While the weight of the average woman is increasing, the average weight of the ideal woman is decreasing. c. While the weight of the average woman is increasing, the average weight of the ideal woman is increasing even faster. d. Weight of the average woman doesn't seem to be affected by the average weight of the ideal woman.

b. While the weight of the average woman is increasing, the average weight of the ideal woman is decreasing.

b. Women metabolize alcohol less quickly than men.

According to Paris' multidimensional theory of borderline personality disorder (BPD), people with high levels of impulsivity and affective instability a. are likely to develop BPD in response to even minor stressors. b. are likely to develop BPD if they are exposed to trauma. c. come mainly from intact homes and are unlikely to develop BPD. d. come to enjoy acting out.

b. are likely to develop BPD if they are exposed to trauma.

The research on the association between borderline personality disorder and childhood sexual abuse a. proves child sexual abuse is the leading cause of borderline personality disorder. b. are problematic - the abuse most likely is occurring with other factors that might be more important. c. has shown that the reports of sexual abuse were mostly false reports. d. suggests that some genetic component underlies both the disorder in the child and the parents' tendency to abuse.

b. are problematic - the abuse most likely is occurring with other factors that might be more important.

Lithium was once used ________ a. to treat anxiety. b. as a salt substitute. c. to alleviate constipation. d. as an appetite suppressant.

b. as a salt substitute.

Rates of eating disorders tend to be much lower in black women than in white women. However, one factor that can increase risk in black women is

b. assimilation into white culture and middle class values.

Rates of eating disorders tend to be much lower in black women than in white women. However, one factor that can increase risk in black women is a. their age - younger black women have higher rates of eating disorders than older. b. assimilation into white culture and middle class values. c. their weight - very overweight black women have the same rates of eating disorders as whites do. d. whether they were recent immigrants.

b. assimilation into white culture and middle class values.

The use of drugs that have noxious effects and viewing movies that elicit disgust are both techniques associated with ________ a. token economies. b. aversion therapy. c. guided exposure therapy. d.EMDR therapy

b. aversion therapy.

Carl has psychopathy. You would expect him to a. be very concerned about possible punishment and to try to avoid it as much as possible. b. be very interested in rewards and to continue his behavior even when the rewards don't come as often as they did. c. only be interested in rewards occasionally and to change his behavior quickly if rewards don't come as often as they did. d. be equally interested in rewards and punishments and do his best to get the first and avoid the second.

b. be very interested in rewards and to continue his behavior even when the rewards don't come as often as they did.

There is a general agreement among researchers that personality a. is mainly learned. b. can be characterized by five basic trait dimensions. c. has an infinite number of possible trait dimensions. d. is mainly genetic.

b. can be characterized by five basic trait dimensions.

There is a general agreement among researchers that personality: a. is mainly learned b. can be characterized by five basic trait dimensions c. has an infinite number of possible traits d. is mainly genetic

b. can be characterized by five basic traits

Which of the following is a danger associated with obesity? a. asthma b. cancer c. low blood pressure d. joint disease

b. cancer

An example of an atypical antipsychotic not considered as a first choice treatment is ________ a. haldol b. clozapine c. risperidone d. zyprexa

b. clozapine

The reciprocal influence model is best described as a ________ explanation for teen drinking. a. behavioral b. cognitive c. psychodynamic d. sociocultural

b. cognitive

Andrea has anorexia nervosa, restricting type. Which of the following behaviors would you expect her to have? a. self-induced vomiting b. cutting up her food into little pieces when she eats c. normal menstrual periods d. occasional bouts of overeating

b. cutting up her food into little pieces when she eats

All of the following are reasons for the effectiveness of antidepressants in the treatment of bulimia nervosa EXCEPT

b. decreased appetite.

b. dependent

Emily calls her husband every day at work to ask him what she should make for dinner. She spends her days at her mother's, because Emily worries that something will go wrong in her own home that she won't be able to handle. Even though she paints and draws well, Emily has never tried to take a class or use her talent, because she says she knows she really isn't good enough. Emily's most likely diagnosis is a. borderline personality disorder. b. dependent personality disorder. c. schizoid personality disorder. d. paranoid personality disorder.

b. dependent personality disorder.

The best current research shows that children of parents with antisocial personality disorder who were adopted into other families a. did not develop antisocial personality disorder. b. developed antisocial personality disorder at higher rates regardless of the quality of their adoptive family. c. developed antisocial personality disorder at higher rates only if their adoptive family had problems, such as marital conflict. d. developed antisocial personality disorder at a later age than if they had been raised by their biological parents.

b. developed antisocial personality disorder at higher rates regardless of the quality of their adoptive family.

What do all of the Cluster A disorders have in common? a. Lack of emotional expression b. oddness or eccentricity c. clear link to schizophrenia d. trust in other people

b. oddness or eccentricity

In contrast to most other forms of therapy, the client-centered therapist ________ a. focuses on present concerns rather than past problems. b. does not give answers or interpretations nor even steer the client onto certain topics. c. teaches a new set of beliefs and values so the client can cope more effectively. d. helps make the client's unconscious concerns conscious.

b. does not give answers or interpretations nor even steer the client onto certain topics.

The influence of television on the attitudes toward eating in Fiji demonstrate that

b. environmental factors can alter societal attitudes such that the risk of developing eating disorders is increased.

The influence of television on the attitudes toward eating in Fiji demonstrate that a. biological factors play a minimal role in the etiology of eating disorders. b. environmental factors can alter societal attitudes such that the risk of developing eating disorders is increased. c. definitions of beauty are not changed over time. d. there is no relationship between physical standards of beauty and desirable personality traits.

b. environmental factors can alter societal attitudes such that the risk of developing eating disorders is increased.

Men who are at high risk for becoming alcoholics a. experience more pleasure when they ingest alcohol than nonalcoholic men. b. experience greater lessening of feelings of stress after alcohol consumption than nonalcoholic men. c. tend to be more impulsive than the general population. d. respond less dramatically to alcohol related-cues than nonalcoholic men.

b. experience greater lessening of feelings of stress after alcohol consumption than nonalcoholic men.

Experimental studies of DID find that interpersonality amnesia exists for

b. explicit memories.

The individual with avoidant personality disorder is unlikely to develop lasting relationships as a result of his or her a. callousness. b. fear of rejection. c. desire to control others. d. lack of interest.

b. fear of rejection.

James has two alcoholic parents. Research suggests that his risk for alcoholism is a. nearly 100 percent. b. greater than if he had one alcoholic parent. c. no greater than if he had one alcoholic parent. d. about 10 percent higher than if he had no alcoholic parents

b. greater than if he had one alcoholic parent.

Binge-eating disorder

b. has not yet been formally recognized as a distinct clinical syndrome.

Judd has been drinking heavily for a number of years. When he is not drinking, he experiences profuse sweating and shakes. This indicates that Judd a. has an organic impairment. b. has withdrawal symptoms when he abstains from alcohol. c. cannot be diagnosed with substance dependence. d. has developed a tolerance for alcohol.

b. has withdrawal symptoms when he abstains from alcohol.

which basic personality traits from the five-factor model seem most important in development of schizoid personality disorder? a. low agreeableness and high antagonism b. high introversion and low openness to feelings c. high introversion and low agreeableness d. low excitement seeking and high fantasy proneness

b. high introversion and low openness to feelings

According to set-point theory

b. hunger serves to maintain the body at its established set-point.

According to set-point theory a. anorexics have successfully adjusted their bodies to a new lower set-point. b. hunger serves to maintain the body at its established set-point. c. behavioral means of altering body weight can never overcome the body's ability to compensate physiologically. d. the body weight that is maintained in the absence of dieting is the one at which health is maximized.

b. hunger serves to maintain the body at its established set-point.

According to Paris (2007), a key causal factor in borderline personality disorder seems to be a. inconsistent or highly punitive discipline in childhood. b. impulsivity and affective instability interacting with such factors as trauma or loss. c. a negative attributional style. d. an inability to empathize with other people.

b. impulsivity and affective instability interacting with such factors as trauma or loss

since there are substantial problems with reliability and validity of the diagnoses of personality disorders a. they are rarely used in clinical practice b. it is less likely that research on a disorder will be able to be replicated by other researchers c. they are considered by clinicians only as suggestions and do not have an impairment on treatment decisions d. very little research or search for treatments is done.

b. it is less likely that research on a disorder will be able to be repilicated

15. Since there are substantial problems with reliability and validity of the diagnoses of personality disorders, ________ a. they are rarely used in clinical practice. b. it is less likely that research on a disorder will be able to be replicated by other researchers. c. they are considered by clinicians only as suggestions and do not have an impact on treatment decisions. d. very little research or search for treatments is done.

b. it is less likely that research on a disorder will be able to be replicated by other researchers.

Since there are substantial problems with reliability and validity of the diagnoses of personality disorders, a. they are rarely used in clinical practice. b. it is less likely that research on a disorder will be able to be replicated by other researchers. c. they are considered by clinicians only as suggestions and do not have an impact on treatment decisions. d. very little research or search for treatments is done.

b. it is less likely that research on a disorder will be able to be replicated by other researchers.

The reciprocal influence model suggests that a. teens will start drinking early no matter what. b. it may be possible to interrupt the cycle by changing expectancies about drinking. c. it would be hard to interrupt the cycle because most teens' expectancies about drinking are accurate. d. even with different expectancies, teens still drink.

b. it may be possible to interrupt the cycle by changing expectancies about drinking.

Misdiagnoses are common when looking at potential personality disorders because: a. the diagnostic criteria are objective b. many of the personality disorders share common features. c. most of those in treatment for personality disorders are heavily medicated d. it is usually not possible to determine when the problematic behavior began

b. many of the personality disorders share common features

Misdiagnoses are common when looking at potential personality disorders because a. the diagnostic criteria are objective. b. many of the personality disorders share common features. c. most of those in treatment for personality disorders are heavily medicated. d. it is usually not possible to determine when the problematic behavior began.

b. many of the personality disorders share common features.

Andrea begins therapy and expects that the therapy will help her. This expectancy ________ a. is necessary to produce positive change. b. may be enough by itself to produce positive change. c. is helpful in psychodynamic therapy, but irrelevant to cognitive and behavioral interventions. d. is irrelevant to the change process.

b. may be enough by itself to produce positive change.

In the treatment of eating disorders, medications a. have proven to be especially helpful in treating patients with anorexia. b. may be useful, but are not a primary treatment. c. are commonly used to stimulate appetite. d. have been found to be more effective than most psychological interventions.

b. may be useful, but are not a primary treatment

Comfort food

b. may help reduce activation in the stress response system.

Comfort food a. does nothing physiologically, any effects are due to expectation. b. may help reduce activation in the stress response system. c. changes the hormonal balance of the body and makes people want to eat more. d. affects the brain in such a way as to make it unable to tell when the body is full.

b. may help reduce activation in the stress response system.

The term "psychoactive" means "_________." a. antipsychotic b. mind-altering c. tardive dyskinesia d. mind and body

b. mind-altering

Which of the following is a type of "classical antidepressant"? a. GABA agonists b. monoamine oxidase inhibitors c. neuroleptics d. selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors

b. monoamine oxidase inhibitors

Dissociative identity disorder was formerly known as

b. multiple personality disorder.

Hope believes that she is the "star" of her graduate class and that the other students dislike her because they are jealous of her superior intelligence. She believes that she is entitled to be exempted from an important exam because of her outstanding performance in class. Hope probably suffers from a. histrionic personality disorder. b. narcissistic personality disorder. c. dependent personality disorder. d. schizoid personality disorder

b. narcissistic

Hope believes that she is the "star" of her graduate class and that the other students dislike her because they are jealous of her superior intelligence. She believes that she is entitled to be exempted from an important exam because of her outstanding performance in class. Hope probably suffers from a. histrionic personality disorder. b. narcissistic personality disorder. c. dependent personality disorder. d. schizoid personality disorder.

b. narcissistic personality disorder.

Internalizing the "thin ideal" is strongly associated with

b. negative affect.

Internalizing the "thin ideal" is strongly associated with a. body satisfaction. b. negative affect. c. recovery from eating disorders. d. attitudes about interpersonal relationships.

b. negative affect.

In order to make a diagnosis of bulimia nervosa, the client must

b. not meet the criteria for anorexia nervosa.

In order to make a diagnosis of bulimia nervosa, the client must a. have a distorted body image. b. not meet the criteria for anorexia nervosa. c. have missed three consecutive menstrual periods. d. admit that she has a problem.

b. not meet the criteria for anorexia nervosa.

Harold is perfectionistic and extremely concerned with maintaining a set routine. He probably suffers from ________ personality disorder. a. schizoid b. obsessive-compulsive c. dependent d. avoidant

b. obsessive-compulsive

Research on hypochondriasis has shown that people with the disorder tend to

b. overestimate the dangerousness of diseases.

Suzanne is taking a benzodiazepine to treat her anxiety. She should be concerned that ________ a. mania is a relatively common side effect. b. she may become physically dependent on the drug. c. while her anxiety is likely to be diminished, her adaptive behaviors also are likely to become increasingly impaired. d. when taken in high dosages, the drugs have potentially serious effects on a woman's reproductive ability.

b. she may become physically dependent on the drug.

Elena binges on high calorie foods and then makes herself throw up. She feels terribly ashamed and horrified by what she does. You would predict a. she will stop making herself throw up because she is ashamed and distressed. b. she will not stop because her vomiting is reinforced by reducing her fear of gaining weight. c. she will stop because her vomiting is being punished by the feelings of disgust and shame. d. she will not stop because she has become physiologically addicted to vomiting.

b. she will not stop because her vomiting is reinforced by reducing her fear of gaining weight.

A moderating variable is a. something that makes a person more or less likely to inherit a disorder such as alcoholism. b. something that influences the connection between two other variables. c. something that causes alcoholics not to have as strong a reaction to alcohol as earlier. d. something that causes some alcoholics not to have as much impairment as others.

b. something that influences the connection between two other variables.

b. splitting.

Manualized therapies first originated in order to ________ a. treat bipolor disorder b. standardize psychosocial treatments for RCTs c. keep therapists acting ethically d. aid sleep researchers

b. standardize psychosocial treatments for RCTs

Studies of the brains of individuals with DID

b. support the assertion that DID is a real disorder.

Chrissy and her therapist together wrote a list of ten scenes involving Chrissy's fear of flying. After teaching her a relaxation technique, Chrissy's therapist told her to imagine herself in the least frightening scene while she made herself feel relaxed. Chrissy was undergoing ________ a. exposure in vivo. b. systematic desensitization. c. modeling therapy. d. rational emotive therapy.

b. systematic desensitization.

The use of electroconvulsive therapy can be traced to ________ a. the observation that people were rarely depressed after being struck by lightning. b. the belief that schizophrenia and epilepsy are rarely comorbid disorders. c. the recognition that electricity could be used to alter brain chemistry. d. the use of electrical shock as an instrument of torture.

b. the belief that schizophrenia and epilepsy are rarely comorbid disorders.

Observed changes in drinking patterns suggest that in the future a. the ratio of male to female problem drinkers will increase. b. the ratio of male to female problem drinkers will decrease. c. the proportion of blacks that are problem drinkers will increase. d. the proportion of blacks that are problem drinkers will decrease.

b. the ratio of male to female problem drinkers will decrease.

b. the symptoms tend to be maladaptive exaggerations of traits normally seen in women

Research on the impact of matching the client's race and ethnicity with the therapist's indicates that ________ a. racial matching is crucial to success, but ethnic matching is less conclusive. b. there is no solid evidence that outcomes are diminished when client and therapist are not matched. c. while clients do not care whether there is a match, outcomes are influenced by a lack of matching. d. racial matching is crucial to success, but matching on the client's primary language is not.

b. there is no solid evidence that outcomes are diminished when client and therapist are not matched.

The incidence of alcoholism among Muslims and Mormons is low because a. individuals who practice these religions are likely to live in areas where alcohol is not readily available. b. these religions prohibit alcohol consumption. c. members of both groups are likely to have inherited an inability to metabolize alcohol properly. d. strong family and community bonds protect these populations from all psychological disorders.

b. these religions prohibit alcohol consumption.

The advantage of using outside independent observers or pre/post-test comparisons to evaluate a client's progress is that ________ a. they take less time and are less costly. b. they increase the objectivity of ratings over those given by the people involved in treatment. c. they ensure that there is no "regression to the mean" phenomenon. d. they provide a valid prediction of how the client will behave in real life.

b. they increase the objectivity of ratings over those given by the people involved in treatment.

Cognitive-behavioral therapy is based on the concept that ________ a. reinforcement and punishment are the best way to change behavior. b. thinking influences emotion, motivation, and behavior. c. behavior must change before cognitive changes can occur. d. the therapist should take a less active role than is typically the case in behavior therapies.

b. thinking influences emotion, motivation, and behavior.

Henry used to become intoxicated after six drinks. Now he needs ten or twelve to get the same effect. This is an example of a. a psychoactive substance abuse disorder. b. tolerance. c. withdrawal symptoms. d. an organic impairment.

b. tolerance.

Today, neurosurgery for psychological disorders is ________ a. still used regularly on patients who have not responded to any other treatment. b. used as a last resort and involves the destruction of only tiny areas of the brain. c. one frequently for certain types of psychological illnesses, such as obsessive compulsive disorder. d. no longer practiced—it has been completely replaced by medication.

b. used as a last resort and involves the destruction of only tiny areas of the brain.

Bill is an alcoholic. His wife, Marge, has a lot of ready excuses she uses to explain to his boss, their friends, and their children to explain his frequent absences. This is an example of a. how marriages of alcoholics often last a long time. b. why treatment needs to include identifying factors that may encourage drinking. c. how marriage can increase the risk of alcoholism. d. why most alcoholics rate their marriages as successful.

b. why treatment needs to include identifying factors that may encourage drinking.

Which of the following has legitimate medical uses, but is associated with both physiological and psychological dependence and lethal overdoses? a. cocaine b. barbiturates c. heroin d. LSD

barbiturates

Which of the following is most likely to be used to produce sleep? a. barbiturates b. mescaline c. morphine d. codeine

barbiturates

Helena has avoidant personality disorder. She is likely to: a. engage in a series of intense, unstable relationships b. have no interest in social relationships c. avoid achievement situations where she might fail d. be hypersensitive to any sign of criticism or rejection

be hypersensitive to any sign of criticism or rejection

Carl has psychopathy. You would expect him to: a. be very concerned about possible punishment and to try to avoid it as much as possible b. be very interested in rewards and to continue his behavior even when the rewards don't come as often as they did c. only be interested in rewards occasionally and to change his behavior quickly if rewards don't come as often as they did d. be equally interested in rewards and punishments and do his best to get the first and avoid the second

be very interested in rewards and to continue his behavior even when the rewards don't come as often as they did

Carl has psychopathy. You would expect him to ________

be very interested in rewards and to continue his behavior even when the rewards don't come as often as they did previously.

Carl has psychopathy. You would expect him to

be very interested in rewards and to continue his behavior even when the rewards don't come as often as they did.

a learning disability usually is identified

because a child shows a disparity between their actual academic achievement and their expected academic achievement

Why is the use of medication for borderline personality disorder controversial? a. because it is unethical to alter someone's personality through chemical means b. because research shows it clearly doesn't help c. because it is frequently associated with suicidal behavior d. because of the possibility of severe side effects

because it is frequently associated with suicidal behavior

In understanding and treating mental disorders, the World Health Organization at the present time has

been very much aware of the interrelationship between physical, psychosocial, and sociocultural factors

Dr. Hart says, for me the goal of treatment is not to uncover inner conflicts, but to help the client achieve adaptive

behavior

what complicates the diagnosis of maladaptive behavior in childhood

behavior that is problematic for a child of one age is normal behavior for a child of a different age

what type of behavioral therapy is most likely to be used in the treatment of child with an anxiety disorder

behavior therapy that includes assertiveness training and desensitization using graded real-life situations

what is a stressor that has been found to increase the risk of developing schizophrenia

being a recent immigrant

which of the following is a risk for developing Alzheimer's

being a woman

A favorable outcome for someone with schizophrenia would be recovery, which for someone with this disorder would consist of ________

being able to function with the help of medication and therapy.

favorable outcomes following a traumatic brain injury are associated with all of the following except

being young

the main use of lithium is for

bipolar disorder

which of the following is an example of a delusion

bob thought the CIA was controlling his thoughts

Both of mary's parents have been diagnosed with schizophrenia. Bob has an identical twin who has schizophrenia. who is more likely to develop schizophrenia and why

bob, because he has inherited the same susceptibility that his twin is expressing

Glenna believed that Sam loved her and that she could not live without him. When he told her he did not want to see her again, she became violently angry and manipulated him into staying with her by threatening suicide. Which of the following personality disorder does Glenna's behavior suggest she might have? a. narcissistic b. histrionic c. dependent d. borderline

borderline

borderline personality disorder

Impulsivity and extreme instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, and mood best characterize: a. histrionic personality disorder b. antisocial personality disorder c. avoidant personality disorder d. borderline personality disorder

borderline personality disorder

Transient psychotic and dissociative experiences can occur in ________ personality disorder.

borderline personality disorder

impulsivity and extreme instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, and mood best characterize

borderline personality disorder

currently, the cause of ADHD is believed to be

both biological and psychological factors

The main difference between borderline personality disorder and antisocial personality disorder is that: a. while both have impulsive sex, the person with borderline personality disorder uses others and the person with antisocial personality disorder really cares about others b. both avoid abandonment, the person with borderline personality disorder because they love others and the person with antisocial personality disorder because they need others to love them c. both exploit others but the person with borderline personality disorder does it due to an angry reaction to disappointments and the person with antisocial personality disorder does it for gain and without guilt d. both show suicidal behavior, the person with borderline personality disorder because he or she wants to die and the person with antisocial personality disorder to get attention

both exploit others but the person with borderline personality disorder does it due to an angry reaction to disappointments and the person with antisocial personality disorder does it for gain and without guilt

The main difference between borderline personality disorder and antisocial personality disorder is that

what does is mean to say a study is "double blind"

both the patient being given the drug and whoever will evalutate the drug's effects do not know whether the patient was given the treatment or the placebo

it is important that mental health professionals have an understanding of the effects of brain damage because

brain damage can result in symptoms that look like psychological conditions

in order for a diagnosis of Alzheimer's to be definitively made

brain tissue must be examined

A person who has experiences a sudden onset of psychotic symptoms that last a few days and then pass, often never to return, would be diagnosed with _________

brief psychotic disorder.

you are convinced that your grandmother has Alzheimer's. How can your doctor confirm your diagnosis?

by ruling out all other potential causes of dementia

Which of the following is a narcotic? a. alcohol b. codeine c. marijuana d. tobacco

codeine

A doctor prescribing lithium should never say ________ a. "This drug has a narrow range of effectiveness, so you need to have your blood levels monitored often." b. "In order for this drug to work, you need to take quantities that are within the range of potentially dangerous side effects." c. "We are going to 'target dose' your lithium: When you feel symptoms coming on, take your medication." d. "Along with the benefits of mood stabilization, you may experience increased thirst and weight gain along with a sense of lethargy."

c. "We are going to 'target dose' your lithium: When you feel symptoms coming on, take your medication."

According to your textbook, each very high-risk antisocial youth may cost society between ____ and ____ in rehabilitation, incarceration, and costs to victims. a. $12,000; $20,000 b. $120,000; $200,000 c. $1.2 million; $2 million d. $12 million; $20 million

c. $1.2 million; $2 million

What cyclical pathway can develop that eventually leads to obesity?

c. A child eats because of feelings of depression and low self-esteem, gains weight, is rejected by peers, binges, and continues to gain weight.

What cyclical pathway can develop that eventually leads to obesity? a. A child stops eating because of low self-esteem, becomes anorexic and then is successfully treated but still has negative feelings about her- or himself. b. A thin child eats normally but is teased about his or her weight and begins to diet further. c. A child eats because of feelings of depression and low self-esteem, gains weight, is rejected by peers, binges, and continues to gain weight. d. A thin child binges because of depression and low self-esteem, purges and feels better, then feels safe to binge again, eating more later.

c. A child eats because of feelings of depression and low self-esteem, gains weight, is rejected by peers, binges, and continues to gain weight.

Of the following, who is most likely to be an alcoholic? a. A woman with no criminal history b. A woman with multiple children c. A male with a personality disorder d. A male with multiple children

c. A male with a personality disorder

Which of the following people has the highest risk of developing schizophrenia? a. A person who came from New Guinea b. Someone who was physically abused as a child c. A person whose father was over 50 when he/she was born d. Someone who has a history of depression

c. A person whose father was over 50 when he/she was born

Which of the following would be the most likely candidate for ECT? a. A 22-year-old schizophrenic b. A middle-aged depressed woman who has just begun taking antidepressants c. A pregnant 25 year-old who is severely depressed d. A 30-year-old man who has generalized anxiety disorder

c. A pregnant 25 year-old who is severely depressed

In what way does therapy differ from simply talking to a friend or family member about a problem? a. Therapy takes time, while a friend's guidance is more likely to lead to a "quick fix" of the problem. b. Friends provide empathy, while a professional therapist does not. c. A therapist's interaction with a client is guided by theory. d. Therapists will seek to determine the underlying issues that have created the problem.

c. A therapist's interaction with a client is guided by theory.

c. Alcoholism increases the risk of suicide.

Which of the following is a controversial aspect of the diagnostic criteria for anorexia nervosa?

c. Amenorrhea

23. Which basic personality traits from the five-factor model seem most important in the development of paranoid personality disorder? a. Introversion and openness to feelings b. Excitement seeking and neuroticism c. Antagonism and neuroticism d. Fantasy proneness and tough mindedness

c. Antagonism and neuroticism

Why is the use of medication for borderline personality disorder controversial? a. Because it is unethical to alter someone's personality through chemical means b. Because research shows it clearly doesn't help c. Because it is frequently associated with suicidal behavior d. Because of the possibility of severe side effects

c. Because it is frequently associated with suicidal behavior

Why are family attitudes about obesity important?

c. Because the consequences are likely to remain with us

What is "double-blind" study? a. Each patient receives both the drug being tested and a placebo, so that the effects of the drug can be compared to the effects of the patient's expectations. b. While the patient is aware to what treatment he or she is receiving, his or her family, friends, and therapist are not. c. Both the patient being given the drug and whoever will evaluate the drug's effects do not know whether the patient was given the treatment or the placebo. d. Two conditions are used, a treatment and a placebo.

c. Both the patient being given the drug and whoever will evaluate the drug's effects do not know whether the patient was given the treatment or the placebo.

Which of the following summarizes the post-traumatic theory for the origin of DID?

c. Children deal with severe abuse by creating alters who provide an "escape."

Symptoms of what disorder are present in individuals who later develop antisocial personality disorder? a. Attention-deficit disorder b. Attachment disorder c. Conduct disorder or oppositional defiant disorder d. Depression

c. Conduct disorder or oppositional defiant disorder

In which of the following disorders is a comorbid diagnosis of depression most commonly seen? a. Antisocial personality disorder b. Obsessive compulsive personality disorder c. Dependent personality disorder d. Histrionic personality disorder

c. Dependent personality disorder

When asked what their orientation is, what do most of today's psychotherapists say? a. Behavioral b. Cognitive-behavioral c. Eclectic d. Interpersonal

c. Eclectic

Which of the following accounts for the belief that schizophrenia is becoming more common in males than females? a. Males are more likely to hallucinate than females so may be overdiagnosed. b. Men are more likely to seek treatment. c. Females with schizophrenia have less severe symptoms so may be misdiagnosed. d. Women respond better to treatment than men.

c. Females with schizophrenia have less severe symptoms so may be misdiagnosed.

Why has the term "multiple personality disorder" been replaced with "dissociative identity disorder"?

c. Fully developed personalities are not present in DID, just varying expressions of different aspects of the patient's personality.

While most antianxiety drugs act on ________, Buspar acts primarily on ________. a. serotonin; GABA b. serotonin; epinephrine c. GABA; serotonin d. GABA; epinephrine

c. GABA; serotonin

Which of the following seems to have the most impact in decreasing the amount of criminal activities of people with psychopathy and antisocial personality disorder? a. Cognitive behavioral treatment b. Medication c. Growing older d. Nothing has any impact

c. Growing older

In what way was Freud's view of conversion disorder consistent with behavioral theories?

c. He believed that the symptoms of conversion disorder were maintained by the relief from anxiety they provided.

44. Which of the following traits associated with histrionic personality disorder are more common in men than in women? a. Vanity and seductiveness b. Over-concern with physical appearance c. High excitement seeking and low self-consciousness d. Self-dramatization and exaggerated expression of emotion

c. High excitement seeking and low self-consciousness

c. Hilda's lack of ambivalence about treatment.

After her dentist commented on the damage her practice of vomiting had caused to her teeth, Hilda realized that she had a problem. After seeing a psychiatrist, Hilda was diagnosed with anorexia, binge-eating/purging sub-type. Due to the severity of her condition, her doctor suggested that she be hospitalized. Hilda immediately entered an inpatient treatment program and embraced all aspects of the treatment regimen. What is unique about Hilda's case? a. Dental problems are not seen in those with anorexia. b. Psychiatrists rarely suggest hospitalization for this type of anorexia. c. Hilda's lack of ambivalence about treatment. d. The failure to use outpatient treatment before hospitalization.

c. Hilda's lack of ambivalence about treatment.

36. Lori is vain and self-centered. When she goes out, it is not at all uncommon for her to do things that ensure she is the center of attention. Her close friends describe her as a "drama queen." Assuming that her behavior is sufficient to warrant a diagnosis, which of the following personality disorders is she most likely to be diagnosed with? a. Antisocial b. Borderline c. Histrionic d. Narcissistic

c. Histrionic

Which of the following personality disorders might be the female equivalent of antisocial personality disorder? a. Avoidant b. Schizotypal c. Histrionic d. Schizoid

c. Histrionic

11. Which of the following is one of the facets of the personality trait of neuroticism? a. Assertiveness b. Excitement seeking c. Impulsivity d. Activity

c. Impulsivity

Which of the following characterizes the prevalence of eating disorders in Iran? a. Iran does not recognize eating disorders. b. Iran has a low incidence of eating disorders. c. Iran's prevalence of eating disorders is comparable the United States. d. Iran has a very high prevalence of eating disorders.

c. Iran's prevalence of eating disorders is comparable the United States.

54. Which of the following is most typical of the interpersonal attitudes and behaviors of someone with antisocial personality disorder? a. Vacillation between overidealization and bitter disappointment b. Excessive trust and dependence on others' opinions c. Irritable and aggressive pattern of irresponsible behavior d. Repeated manipulation of others to gain attention

c. Irritable and aggressive pattern of irresponsible behavior

Which of the following is an effect of antidepressants on symptoms of bulimia nervosa ? a. Decreased mood. b. Decreased appetite. c. Lessened preoccupation with physical appearance. d. Increased frequency of binges.

c. Lessened preoccupation with physical appearance.

Which of the following is the most significant challenge to establishing that therapy is effective? a. Placebo effects commonly occur. b. It is impossible to assess anything in therapy. c. Many people improve without formal treatment. d. Few psychotherapies are more effective than medical treatments.

c. Many people improve without formal treatment.

The reciprocal influence model is best described as a ________ explanation for teen drinking. a. behavioral b. cognitive c. psychodynamic d. sociocultural

cognitive

c. People with OCPD do not have true obsessions or compulsions like people with OCD have.

c. Sean, who is impulsive, risk-taking, and poor at planning.

Which of the following is a common component of cognitive behavioral treatments for antisocial personality? a. Punishment b. Relaxation c. Self-critical thinking d. Response-prevention training

c. Self-critical thinking

In studies of the long-term outcomes of women treated for eating disorders, which of the following predicted poor outcomes for those diagnosed with anorexia or bulimia? a. Depression b. Presence of a personality disorder c. Substance abuse d. OCD

c. Substance abuse

____________ is not a problem associated with the benzodiazepines. a. Risk of withdrawal symptoms if the patient stops them suddenly b. High relapse rates when stopped c. Tardive dyskinesia d. Psychological dependence

c. Tardive dyskinesia

Which of the following best explains the current trend in the prevalence of obesity?

c. The adoption of unhealthy life styles

c. The personality disorder most often associated with alcohol abuse is antisocial personality disorder.

What led to the development of family therapy? a. The observation that signs of mental illness often were seen in more than one family member b. The recognition that most psychological disorders can be attributed to and cause dysfunctional relationships c. The realization that the family environment played a role in whether relapse occurred d. The established importance of the interaction of nature and nurture in the development if all forms of psychopathology

c. The realization that the family environment played a role in whether relapse occurred

Why are the SSRIs the most commonly used antidepressants today? a. Because they only have minimal effects on dopamine, they are less likely to produce side effects. b. They are more effective than the classic tricyclic antidepressants. c. Their side effects are more tolerable than those of the first-generation antidepressants. d. They are not addictive.

c. Their side effects are more tolerable than those of the first-generation antidepressants.

Because much of Donald's depression is a result of his lack of a healthy sexual relationship with his wife, Dr. Jones figured that the best drug to treat him with would be ________ a. Chlorpromazine. b. Prozac. c. Wellbutrin. d. Zoloft.

c. Wellbutrin.

c. a mood disorder

A token economy is ________ a. a form of imaginal exposure therapy. b. a type of in vivo exposure therapy. c. a type of contingency management. d. a form of modeling therapy.

c. a type of contingency management.

Behavior therapy is based on the belief that ________ a. medications cause more harm than good. b. internal states, such as thoughts and feelings, are not as important as overt behavior. c. abnormal behavior is learned the same ways as normal behavior and can be unlearned. d. thoughts influence behavior and thoughts can be changed.

c. abnormal behavior is learned the same ways as normal behavior and can be unlearned.

Heavy drinking during pregnancy, especially the early part, often causes a. Down syndrome in the child. b. incomplete fusion of the spinal canal in the child. c. aggressiveness and withdrawal in the child. d. premature birth and higher rates of still-births.

c. aggressiveness and withdrawal in the child.

Which of the following is a controversial aspect of the diagnostic criteria for anorexia nervosa? a. refusal to maintain normal body weight b. distorted perception of body size and shape c. amenorrhea d. denial

c. amenorrhea

Someone who binges and purges and is severely underweight is diagnosed as anorexic, not bulimic. This is because

c. anorexia has a much higher death rate than bulimia.

Someone who binges and purges and is severely underweight is diagnosed as anorexic, not bulimic. Treating physicians must be precise with this diagnosis because a. the patient will eventually stop bingeing and purging and start fasting. b. anorexia is considered the more reliable diagnosis. c. anorexia has a much higher death rate than bulimia. d. bingeing and purging are not considered very important symptoms

c. anorexia has a much higher death rate than bulimia.

which basic personality traits from the five-factor model seem most important in the development of paranoid personality disorder a. introversion and openness to feelings b. excitement seeking and neuroticism c. antagonism andneuroticism d. fantasy proneness and tough mindedness

c. antagonism and neuroticism

Delilah is overweight. She likes to eat cookies and other sugary snacks, and often eats an entire package at one sitting. She is upset by this because she knows how important weight is to health, but she does not engage in any compensatory behaviors. Which of the following would be a likely diagnosis? a. anorexia nervosa b. bulimia nervosa c. binge eating disorder d. purging disorder

c. binge eating disorder

Set-point theory explains why a. losing those last few pounds is easier than losing the first few. b. the desire for fatty high calorie foods decreases over time when deprived of food. c. binge eating is likely after a period of caloric restriction. d. serotonin levels change with fasting.

c. binge eating is likely after a period of caloric restriction.

The main difference between borderline personality disorder and antisocial personality disorder is that a. while both have impulsive sex, the person with borderline personality disorder uses others and the person with antisocial personality disorder really cares about others. b. both avoid abandonment, the person with borderline personality disorder because they love others and the person with antisocial personality disorder because they need others to love them. c. both exploit others but the person with borderline personality disorder does it due to an angry reaction to disappointments and the person with antisocial personality disorder does it for gain and without guilt. d. both show suicidal behavior, the person with borderline personality disorder because he or she wants to die and the person with antisocial personality disorder to get attention.

c. both exploit others but the person with borderline personality disorder does it due to an angry reaction to disappointments and the person with antisocial personality disorder does it for gain and without guilt.

Somatization disorder and hypochondriasis are similar in that

c. both pay more attention to bodily sensations and see them as symptoms.

Binge drinking in college a. is not as common as most people think. b. leads to alcoholism later in life. c. can lead to many alcohol-related health and life problems d. leads to more problems for men than women.

c. can lead to many alcohol-related health and life problems

Alcoholic blackouts a. cause hangovers. b. are seen only with heavy drinking. c. can occur with just moderate drinking. d. only happen when alcohol dependence has developed.

c. can occur with just moderate drinking.

Problematic drinking behavior commonly develops during a. a period of great success in an individual's life. b. old age. c. crisis periods in a marriage or other intimate personal relationship. d. the transition to middle age.

c. crisis periods in a marriage or other intimate personal relationship.

The most common quality of parents' interactions with their daughters who have eating disorders is a. unconditional love and acceptance. b. neglect. c. criticism. d. lack of direction and rules.

c. criticism.

The most effective treatment to date for somatization disorder

c. decreases healthcare expenditures.

Freud called dreams "the royal road to the unconscious" because he believed ________ a. dreams prevented people from uncovering their true feelings. b. people intentionally dreamed about material they wanted to discuss in therapy but were afraid to. c. defenses were lowered during sleep and repressed material would start to come out in dreams. d. people would only tell him about unimportant dreams, so he could dismiss the topics they brought up.

c. defenses were lowered during sleep and repressed material would start to come out in dreams.

Involvement in an abusive relationship (as the one who is abused) would be most expected of the individual with ________ personality disorder. a. antisocial b. borderline c. dependent d. schizotypal

c. dependent

In research studies, in addition to failing to learn to avoid punishment, psychopaths a. did not cognitively understand the connection between a behavior and its consequence. b. felt a great deal of anticipatory anxiety about punishment, leading to impulsive behaviors. c. did not show normal fear potential startle responses. d. showed larger than normal fear potential startle responses.

c. did not show normal fear potential startle responses.

Assuming a new identity in a new place is characteristic of

c. dissociative fugue.

A person with two or more well-developed identities has the disorder called

c. dissociative identity disorder.

A recent in-depth study by Lewis and colleagues of 12 convicted murderers diagnosed with dissociative identity disorder looked into their backgrounds. The study found strong evidence that

c. each was severely abused, both physically and sexually.

Families of people with anorexia

c. exhibit tendencies towards perfectionism.

Families of people with anorexia a. do not have any characteristic features. b. tend to provide few rules and limits. c. exhibit tendencies towards perfectionism. d. emphasize individuality.

c. exhibit tendencies towards perfectionism.

The text presented the case of Catherine, a woman with bulimia nervosa. She is typical of such individuals because she a. had suffered few health problems. b. had few thoughts of food except when she was eating. c. experienced shame, guilt, and self-deprecation. d. did not realize that her eating habits were abnormal.

c. experienced shame, guilt, and self-deprecation.

The text presented the case of Nicole, a college student with bulimia nervosa. She is typical of such individuals because she

c. experienced shame, guilt, and self-deprecation.

Felicia has been diagnosed with bulimia nervosa with purging. We should expect that she a. purges only once every few years b. is unconcerned about becoming fat. c. experiences electrolyte imbalances and mineral deficiencies. d. is less than 85 percent of normal body weight but still considers herself "fat."

c. experiences electrolyte imbalances and mineral deficiencies.

The technique of free association is designed to ________ a. help the client feel understood and not judged. b. help the client fully experience his or her emotions during therapy. c. explore unconscious and preconscious material. d. keep the client in the present.

c. explore unconscious and preconscious material.

which of the following accounts for the belief that schizophrenia is becoming more common in males than females a. males are more likely to hallucinate than females so may be overdiagnosed b. men are more likely to seek treatment c. females with schizophrenia have less severe symptoms so may be misdiagnosed d. women respond better to treatment than men

c. females with schizophrenia have less severe symptoms so may be misdiagnosed

Antisocial personality disorder differs from psychopathy in that antisocial personality disorder a. is an older diagnosis. b. focuses more on personality characteristics. c. focuses more on observable behaviors.

c. focuses more on observable behaviors.

A psychotherapist says to her client, "Say whatever comes to your mind, no matter how strange or painful it may seem." The psychotherapist is encouraging ________ a. transference. b. resistance. c. free association. d. counter-transference.

c. free association.

Alcohol's effects on ________ explain its ability to impair judgment. a. dopamine b. epinephrine c. glutamate d. endogenous opioids

c. glutamate

Hattie has a dependent personality disorder. This means that she a. experiences little distress in her life. b. has difficulty in initiating relationships. c. has acute discomfort when she is alone. d. prefers being alone rather than being with people who might criticize her.

c. has acute discomfort when she is alone.

Which of the following has been identified as a risk factor for eating disorders in men? a. heterosexuality b. bicycling c. homosexuality d. painting

c. homosexuality

Evan is terrified because he is convinced that he has a terminal heart condition. He has consulted with several physicians about it who have found no evidence of any heart disease. Interestingly, Evan continues to feel terrified even when the doctors find no physical problem. His diagnosis is probably

c. hypochondriasis.

People with hypochondriasis, like people with obsessive-compulsive disorder, have intrusive thoughts that cause them anxiety. The major difference is

c. in hypochondriasis, the thoughts are seen as appropriate and reasonable, in obsessive-compulsive disorder the intrusive thoughts are seen as inappropriate and alien.

The treatment goal for most therapists who treat dissociative identity disorder is

c. integration of the alter personalities.

Key ideas in Gestalt therapy are ________ a. irrational beliefs, interpersonal conflicts, and unconscious impulses. b. empathy, genuineness, and unconditional positive regard. c. integration of thought, feeling, and action. d. genetics, early childhood training, and social stressors.

c. integration of thought, feeling, and action.

Cirrhosis of the liver a. is a rare complication of alcoholism. b. is due to an allergic-type reaction of the body to alcohol. c. is caused by overworking the liver trying to assimilate large amounts of alcohol. d. is debilitating but rarely fatal.

c. is caused by overworking the liver trying to assimilate large amounts of alcohol.

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is typically ________ a. the first line of treatment for treating depression. b. used to treat schizophrenia. c. is only considered to treat depression after psychotherapy and medication has proven ineffective. d. used in coordination with neurosurgery.

c. is only considered to treat depression after psychotherapy and medication has proven ineffective.

individuals with schizoid and paranoid personality disorders differ significantly in their a. ability to function b. display of psychotic symptoms c. level of emotionality d. likelihood of recovery

c. level of emotionality

28. Individuals with schizoid and paranoid personality disorders differ significantly in their ________ a. ability to function. b. display of psychotic symptoms. c. level of emotionality. d. likelihood of recovery.

c. level of emotionality.

Individuals with schizoid and paranoid personality disorders differ significantly in their a. ability to function. b. display of psychotic symptoms. c. level of emotionality. d. likelihood of recovery.

c. level of emotionality.

Jack tells his therapist about a dream in which he struggles to drive a car that takes him in directions he does not want to go. The therapist interprets the dream to mean that Jack is trying to get control of his career future but feels he is being controlled by others. This suggests that the ________ a. manifest content of the dream is the issue of Jack's career future. b. latent content of the dream is the story of trying to drive the car. c. manifest content of the dream is the story of trying to drive the car. d.the therapist is trying to get Jack to argue with him or her

c. manifest content of the dream is the story of trying to drive the car.

Malnutrition a. does not occur in alcoholics since alcohol provides both calories and nutrients. b. only occurs when alcoholics are destitute and not able to afford to purchase food. c. may occur in alcoholics since alcohol interferes with the body's ability to use nutrients. d. is rare among alcoholics because alcohol is most commonly consumed with food.

c. may occur in alcoholics because alcohol interferes with the body's ability to use nutrients.

While ________ can be used in treatment, it also a means by which problematic behaviors are acquired when others' behavior is problematic. a. imaginal exposure b. systematic desensitization c. modeling d. contingency management

c. modeling

Yuko is painfully shy. Her therapist first shows her appropriate social skills so she can interact competently with others. Then Yuko attempts the same behavior while getting feedback. This illustrates the behavior therapy technique called ________ a. guided exposure. b. covert sensitization. c. modeling. d. contingency management.

c. modeling.

47. Some people always think that everyone is looking at them and talking about them, wishing to be like them. This self-focused view of the world would be expected in someone with ________ personality disorder. a. borderline b. histrionic c. narcissistic d. paranoid

c. narcissistic

The best description of the biological component of personality disorders is a. they are directly inherited disorders b. they have no biological component, they are learned c. personality traits are inherited that predispose a person to developing a personality disorder d. people inherit the trait of anxiety, which underlies all of the personality disorders and predisposes people to developing a personality disorder.

c. personality traits are inherited that predispose a person to developing a personality disorder

19. The best description of the biological component of personality disorders is ________ a. they are directly inherited disorders. b. they have no biological component, they are learned. c. personality traits are inherited that predispose a person to developing a personality disorder. d. people inherit the trait of anxiety, which underlies all of the personality disorders and predisposes people to developing a personality disorder.

c. personality traits are inherited that predispose a person to developing a personality disorder.

In addition to altering the eating patterns of clients with Binge Eating Disorder, therapists using cognitive-behavioral therapy will also a. teach the clients to be greater risk-takers. b. educate the clients that fat people have certain character flaws. c. provide factual information about eating and dieting. d. help the client to emotionally separate from her family.

c. provide factual information about eating and dieting.

Dr. Patel says this about his goals in therapy: "I want my patients to become aware of their repressed memories from childhood and come to terms with them in the light of adult realities." Dr. Patel most likely prefers ________ therapy. a. flooding b. gestalt c. psychodynamic d. cognitive

c. psychodynamic

All of the following are associated with DID except

c. psychosis.

Dr. Lucas says to a client with anxiety disorders, "It is your unrealistic beliefs and perfectionistic values that cause you to be so anxious, not the events of your life." Dr. Lucas probably supports the assumptions of ________ therapy. a. humanistic b. psychodynamic c. rational emotive behavior d. systematic desensitization

c. rational emotive behavior

In Beck's cognitive therapy, an early "homework" assignment would be ________ a. learning to relax. b. listing one's beliefs about one's competencies. c. recording one's automatic thoughts and any associated emotional reactions. d. intentionally facing situations that one believes are emotionally overwhelming.

c. recording one's automatic thoughts and any associated emotional reactions.

The "alcohol flush reaction" a. is seen during alcohol withdrawal. b. produces a spike in blood pressure and body temperature. c. results from an inability to metabolize alcohol. d. might explain the reduced rate of alcoholism seen among Native American peoples.

c. results from an inability to metabolize alcohol.

The individual with avoidant personality disorder behaves most similarly to someone with ________ personality disorder. a. antisocial b. borderline c. schizoid d. schizotypal

c. schizoid

33. Thought and speech oddities comparable to those seen in schizophrenia have been documented in ________ personality disorder. a. paranoid b. schizoid c. schizotypal d. borderline

c. schizotypal

Thought and speech oddities comparable to those seen in schizophrenia have been documented in ________ personality disorder. a. paranoid b. schizoid c. schizotypal d. borderline

c. schizotypal

Tom tells you that he can make his roommate take out the trash by simply thinking about his roommate doing it. He agrees with you that this could sometimes just be a coincidence, but he seems to truly believe he can sometimes get people to do things just by thinking about it. You find him understandable when he talks, but sometimes hard to follow. His clothes are messy and don't match. Tom tells you not to tell anyone about his power, because he knows that other people don't like him because they are jealous and they would hurt him if they could. The best diagnosis for Tom is: a. borderline personality disorder b. paranoid c. schizotypal d. schizoid

c. schizotypal

thought and speech oddities comparable to those seen in schizophrenia have been documented in ____ personality disorder a. paranoid b. schizoid c. schizotypal d. borderline

c. schizotypal

30. Tom tells you that he can make his roommate take out the trash by simply thinking about his roommate doing it. He agrees with you that this could sometimes just be a coincidence, but he seems to truly believe he can sometimes get people to do things just by thinking about it. You find him understandable when he talks, but sometimes hard to follow. His clothes are messy and don't match. Tom tells you not to tell anyone about his power, because he knows that other people don't like him because they are jealous and they would hurt him if they could. The best diagnosis for Tom is ________ a. borderline personality disorder. b. paranoid personality disorder. c. schizotypal personality disorder. d. schizoid personality disorder.

c. schizotypal personality disorder.

which type of training has an emphasis on helping patients deal with their neurocognitive deficits

cognitive remediation training

Tom tells you that he can make his roommate take out the trash by simply thinking about his roommate doing it. He agrees with you that this could sometimes just be a coincidence, but he seems to truly believe he can sometimes get people to do things just by thinking about it. You find him understandable when he talks, but sometimes hard to follow. His clothes are messy and don't match. Tom tells you not to tell anyone about his power, because he knows that other people don't like him because they are jealous and they would hurt him if they could. The best diagnosis for Tom is a. borderline personality disorder. b. paranoid personality disorder. c. schizotypal personality disorder. d. schizoid personality disorder.

c. schizotypal personality disorder.

because they were regarded as being different from standard psychiatric syndromes, the personality disorders in the DSM-IV were a. not listed b. categorized as emotional disorders c. separated from mood disorders d. given what is called a "provisional" category

c. separated from mood disorders

Because they were regarded as being different from standard psychiatric syndromes, the personality disorders in DSM-IV were a. not listed. b. categorized as emotional disorders. c. separated from mood disorders. d. given what is called a "provisional" category.

c. separated from mood disorders.

c. strong need for praise and admiration

Studies of the genetics of alcoholism a. have not provided support for the notion that a susceptibility to alcoholism can be inherited. b. are not able to determine if the tendency of alcoholism to "run in families" is a result of environmental or biological factors. c. suggest that an inherited altered sensitivity to alcohol might create a vulnerability to alcohol abuse. d. have identified the gene that causes alcoholism.

c. suggest that an inherited altered sensitivity to alcohol might create a vulnerability to alcohol abuse.

The "clusters" of personality disorders found in the DSM-5 are grouped based on a. similar etiologies b. level of dysfunction c. symptom or feature similarities d. expected prognosis

c. symptom or feature similarites

The "clusters" of personality disorders found in the DSM-5 are grouped based on a. similar etiologies. b. level of dysfunction. c. symptom or feature similarities. d. expected prognosis.

c. symptom or feature similarities.

The "clusters" of personality disorders found in the DSM-5 are grouped based on ________ a. similar etiologies. b. level of dysfunction. c. symptom or feature similarities. d. expected prognosis.

c. symptom or feature similarities.

The conventional antipsychotic drugs have a problematic side effect involving abnormal movement. This side effect is called ________ a. agranulocytosis. b. monoamine oxidase. c. tardive dyskinesia. d. atypical neuroleptics.

c. tardive dyskinesia.

Which of the following best explains the current trend in the prevalence of obesity? a. Obesity is no longer a factor that decreases survival, thus genes for obesity are becoming more prevalent in the general population. b. the tendency to underfeed children who then overeat as adults c. the adoption of unhealthy life styles d. the popularity of dieting

c. the adoption of unhealthy lifestyles

The current practice of providing treatment stresses _________ a. the value of confining a patient to a mental hospital. b. the individual's responsibility for finding a personal solution to his or her problems. c. the coordination of services in the community. d. turning over to the patient's family the responsibility for behavior change.

c. the coordination of services in the community.

Set-point theory about weight suggests that a. dieting can establish a new set-point that stabilizes the near-starvation seen in people with anorexia. b. people with anorexia are biologically programmed to be underweight. c. the hunger that occurs by being well below one's set-point can trigger binges. d. sociocultural factors play very little role in the development of unrealistic body image goals.

c. the hunger that occurs by being well below one's set-point can trigger binges.

A sexual relationship between a therapist and a patient is ___________ a. a natural outcome of the therapeutic alliance. b. common, occurring in at least one-third of therapeutic relationships. c. the most obvious and extreme example of boundary violation. d. part of the transference process and usually only temporary.

c. the most obvious and extreme example of boundary violation.

In structural family therapy, ________ a. the therapist is very directive in order to break up the existing power structure in the family. b. the focus is on past interactions as they have given rise to present problems. c. the therapist initially acts like one of the family and participates in family interactions. d. the therapist adopts a Rogerian approach, focusing on good listening skills and clarification.

c. the therapist initially acts like one of the family and participates in family interactions.

One limitation on the findings of genetic influences on alcoholism is that a. not enough research has been done using twins. b. there are so many cultural differences in the use of alcohol that it blurs the genetic differences. c. there have not been enough studies of the majority of children of alcoholics (those who do not become alcoholics). d. there has been too much of a focus on the study of the nonalcoholic children of alcoholics.

c. there have not been enough studies of the majority of children of alcoholics (those who do not become alcoholics).

Psychodynamic interpersonally oriented therapies agree with classical psychoanalysis in the importance of ________ a. focusing on the transference neurosis. b. the transformation of sexual energy into neurotic behaviors. c. understanding the present in terms of the past. d. the therapist being passive and impersonal.

c. understanding the present in terms of the past.

Your text describes two commonly recognized psychotic reactions to alcohol. They are a. alcoholic tolerance and alcoholic withdrawal. b. what used to be called "alcohol dependence" and "alcohol withdrawal." c. what used to be called "delirium tremens" and "Korsakoff's psychosis." d. alcohol intoxication and alcohol amnestic disorder.

c. what used to be called "delirium tremens" and "Korsakoff's psychosis."

Orlistat, which works by interfering with the absorption of fat,

c. works modestly well for obesity.

Orlistat, which works by interfering with the absorption of fat, a. works very well for obesity. b. works very well for extreme obesity but not regular obesity. c. works modestly well for obesity. d. results have been uncertain.

c. works modestly well for obesity.

There is a general agreement among researchers that personality a. is mainly learned b. can be characterized by five basic trait dimensions c. has an infinite number of possible trait dimensions d. is mainly genetic

can be characterized by five basic trait dimensions

Barbiturate withdrawal: a. usually last several months b. are purely psychological c. are far less serious than opiate withdrawal d. can be minimized by administering another drug

can be minimized by administering another drug

Binge drinking in college: a. is not as common as most people think b. leads to alcoholism later in life c. can lead to many alcohol-related health and life problems d. leads to more problems for men than women

can lead to many alcohol-related health and life problems

Alcoholic blackouts: a. cause hangovers b. are seen only with heavy drinking c. can occur with just moderate drinking d. only happen when alcohol dependence has developed

can occur with just moderate drinking

One difference between voluntary hospitalization and involuntary commitment is that people who are in the hospital voluntarily

can, with sufficient notice, leave the hospital when they want to

Opium and its derivatives: a. typically take several months to produce physiological cravings b. cause withdrawal symptoms within approximately 8 hours of the last dose c. always cause near fatal withdrawal symptoms. d. cause amnesia with long-term use

cause withdrawal symptoms within approximately 8 hours of the last dose

the protein called tau

caused by amyloid in the brain and is a sign that Alzheimer's disease is progressing

the time course of the effect of antidepressant medications suggests that

changes in celluar functioning are necessary to alleviate the symptoms of depression

the time course of the effects of antidepressant medications suggests that

changes in cellular functioning are neccessary to alleviate the symptoms of depression

first generation antipsychotics seem to work because they block dopamine. this is supported by the new research findings that

changes in symptoms begin to occur very quickly after starting the medications, not weeks later as previously thought

The first-generation antipsychotics seem to work because they block dopamine. This is supported by the new research findings that

changes in symptoms begin to occur very quickly after starting the medications, not weeks later as previously thought.

Personality disorders were once known as: a. character disorders b. identity disorders c. conduct disorders d. maladaptive behavioral patterns

character disorders

Negative symptoms are ________

characterized as an absence or deficit of normal behaviors.

negative symptoms

characterized as an absense or deficit of normal behaviors

disorganized schizophrenia

characterized by disorganized speech

what are the characteristics of those with histrionic personality?

characterized by excessive attention seeking and high levels of extraversion, as well as theatrical and sometimes seductive behavior

historically, why has little attention been paid to childhood psychopathology

childhood disorders were viewed as childhood versions of adult disorders

evidence that culture plays a role in the development of childhood anxiety comes from the fact that

children from cultures that favor inhibition and compliance report more fears

what type of drugs are most likely to be used to inhibit the progression of Alzheimers?

cholinesterase inhibitors

which is not an element of a therapeutic alliance

client acceptance of the therapist's alliance

joan was surprised, when she went to therapy, her therapist didn't ask her questions but just listened to her talk

client centered therapy

"Crack" is a form of: a. amphetamine b. cocaine c. ecstasy d. methamphetamine

cocaine

most people with schizophrenia

continue to show signs of illness

Most people with schizophrenia

continue to show signs of illness.

Problematic drinking behavior commonly develops during: a. a period of great success in an individual's life b. old age c. crisis periods in a marriage or other intimate personal relationship d. the transition to middle age

crisis periods in a marriage or other intimate personal relationship

although the majority of currently disordered persons show no tendency toward violence, an increased risk of violence is likely among those who

currently experience psychotic

although the majority of currently disorderd persons show no tendency toward violence, an increased risk of violence is likley among those who

currently experience psychotic symtoms

43. Which of the following core dysfunctional beliefs might explain the development of histrionic personality disorder? a. "I need a man to define me." b. "I am the only one I can trust." c. "I am completely helpless." d. "If I am not fun, they will abandon me."

d. "If I am not fun, they will abandon me."

Randy has been dependent on alcohol for at least ten years. Drinking has ruined his marriage, his occupational standing, and his health. If a friend told Randy that he needed to enter treatment, and Randy responded the way most alcohol dependent people do, he would probably say a. "Alcohol is my enemy but I don't think I am strong enough to combat it." b. "I have an addictive personality and without help, I will never overcome my addiction." c. "You have a very good point; I need to do some serious thinking about getting treatment." d. "Who do you think you are attacking me? You are the one with the problem."

d. "Who do you think you are attacking me? You are the one with the problem."

Research suggests that about _____ of patients show clinically significant change after 21 therapy sessions and, after 40 sessions, about ____ of patients have improved. a. 30%; 50% b. 30%; 60% c. 50%; 55% d. 50%; 75%

d. 50%; 75%

One proposed revision for the DSM-5 pertaining to the diagnosis of personality disorders did not occur. Which change was this? a. All existing personality disorders will be split into two sub-categories (chronic and intermittent) b. All existing personality disorders will be removed and only mood disorders will remain c. A categorical approach will be used to achieve diagnosis d. A dimensional approach will be used to achieve diagnosis

d. A dimensional approach will be used to achieve diagnosis

What has research on the use of a combined approach to the treatment of mental disorders demonstrated? a. Adding medication to psychosocial treatment for depression does not improve clinical outcomes b. Psychotherapy alone yields the best results. c. Psychotherapy in combination with a placebo or medication yields the best results. d. Adding medication to psychosocial treatment for anxiety does not improve clinical outcomes.

d. Adding medication to psychosocial treatment for anxiety does not improve clinical outcomes.

Which of the following best explains why conversion disorder is a less common diagnosis today than it was historically?

d. Advances in the medical field have made patients more sophisticated about medical and psychological disorders.

Which of the following is a key element of the therapeutic relationship? a. A warm and loving relationship between the therapist and client b. Family involvement c. Client reliance on the therapist for direction and guidance d. Agreement between the client and therapist about the goals of treatment

d. Agreement between the client and therapist about the goals of treatment

Which of the following is a diagnosis found in the DSM-5? a. Alcoholism b. Alcoholic Syndrome Disorder c. Substance-Interdependence Disorder d. Alcohol Use Disorder

d. Alcohol Use Disorder

Which of the following statements about the role of genetics as a risk factor for eating disorders is true?

d. Although the findings to date are mixed, the evidence does indicate that a susceptibility to eating disorders may be inherited along with a diathesis for other psychological conditions.

63. Glenna believed that Sam loved her and that she could not live without him. When he told her he did not want to see her again, she became violently angry and manipulated him into staying with her by threatening suicide. Which of the following personality disorder does Glenna's behavior suggest she might have? a. Narcissistic b. Histrionic c. Dependent d. Borderline

d. Borderline

8. Which of the following is a Cluster B personality disorder? a. Depressive b. Schizoid c. Paranoid d. Borderline

d. Borderline

Which of the following is a Cluster B personality disorder? a. Depressive b. Schizoid c. Paranoid d. Borderline

d. Borderline

Which of the following best explains why cognitive-behavioral therapy is a logical approach to the treatment of eating disorders? a. It is the therapy of choice for most disorders. b. The role of learning in the development of eating disorders is well-established. c. Medical interventions have proven ineffective. d. Both thoughts and behaviors need to be altered to achieve a lasting outcome.

d. Both thoughts and behaviors need to be altered to achieve a lasting outcome.

d. By definition, they are enduring patterns of thought and behavior.

Callie and Raquel both have problems with binging and purging. They both eat large evening meals and both then purge what they have eaten. Callie engages in this three to four times a week, and Raquel does so once a week on Sundays. What would be the diagnosis for each of these individuals? a. Callie's diagnosis would be bulimia nervosa; Raquel does not meet DSM criteria. b. Callie's diagnosis would be anorexia nervosa; Raquel does not meet DSM criteria. c. Callie's diagnosis would be bulimia nervosa; Raquel's diagnosis would be anorexia nervosa. d. Callie's diagnosis would be bulimia nervosa; Raquel's diagnosis would be bulimia nervosa.

d. Callie's diagnosis would be bulimia nervosa; Raquel's diagnosis would be bulimia nervosa.

Research suggests that ________ provides the best immediate and long-term outcomes in the treatment of bulimia nervosa.

d. Cognitive-behavioral therapy

Which of the following is a potential consequence of anorexia nervosa?

d. Death of a spouse

Which mental disorder is most commonly comorbid with alcoholism? a. Panic disorder b. Obsessive compulsive disorder c. Dissociative amnesia d. Depression

d. Depression

When a person experiences psychogenic amnesia, only one portion of memory is usually affected. Which?

d. Episodic memory (the events we have experienced)

Which of the following is a challenge of conducting randomized clinical trials of the effectiveness of therapy? a. The client will never find out whether or not he or she was treated. b. Most clients will never improve on their own without treatment. c. There is little variation between different types of therapy. d. Even therapists who use the same techniques will differ in their delivery.

d. Even therapists who use the same techniques will differ in their delivery.

d. Exposure to all alcohol must be avoided.

Which of the following best explains the lack of well-controlled studies on the effectiveness of treatment for anorexia nervosa?

d. Few people with anorexia are willing to seek treatment, and they are likely to drop out prematurely from treatment.

Which of the following best explains the lack of well-controlled studies on the effectiveness of treatment for anorexia nervosa? a. Few people with anorexia who are in treatment are willing to participate with bulimics. b. Few people with anorexia achieve full remission. c. The high mortality rate with anorexia results in sample sizes too small to yield valid conclusions. d. Few people with anorexia are willing to seek treatment, and they are likely to drop out prematurely from treatment.

d. Few people with anorexia are willing to seek treatment, and they are likely to drop out prematurely from treatment.

Valium exerts its anxiolytic effects by increasing the activity of ________ a. acetylcholine. b. dopamine. c. epinephrine. d. GABA.

d. GABA.

Which of the following is a criticism of humanistic-experiential therapies? a. Too focused on behavior b. Impersonal approach c. Too much emphasis on early experiences d. Goals are not clear

d. Goals are not clear

48. What are the two subtypes of narcissistic personality disorder? a. Histrionic and paranoid b. Antisocial and prosocial c. Avoidant and dependent. d. Grandiose and vulnerable.

d. Grandiose and vulnerable.

Which of the following distinguishes narcissistic personality disorder from other Cluster B disorders?

d. Grandiosity

Gestalt therapy is commonly conducted in which of the following forms? a. Individual therapy b. Pharmacotherapy c. Behavior therapy d. Group therapy

d. Group therapy

Which of the following is LEAST likely to be addressed in the treatment of binge-eating disorder?

d. Idealization of low body weight

Which of the following is most commonly true of the host identity in DID?

d. It is not the original identity.

What is one reason why the prevalence of DID has been increasing?

d. It may be that the prevalence of DID has not changed at all, but that clinicians may unknowingly encourage the emergence of new identities.

Which of the following is an advantage of behavior therapy? a. It targets specific emotions and thoughts. b. It works well if a problem is vague and ill-defined. c. It works even though there is no scientific support for it. d. It usually achieves results in a relatively short period of time.

d. It usually achieves results in a relatively short period of time.

d. Judgment becomes impaired long before this blood alcohol level is reached.

31. Which of the following personality disorders is most likely to be mistaken for schizophrenia? a. Avoidant b. Borderline c. Schizoid d. Schizotypal

d. Schizotypal

Which parenting skill or parental behavior is most associated with adolescent substance use? a. Overindulging children by giving them too many gifts and privileges b. Restricting children from any form of experimentation with alcohol and other drugs c. Restricting the expression of positive emotions d. Lack of monitoring the adolescent's activities

d. Lack of monitoring the adolescent's activities

Which of the following factors is associated with an increased risk for obesity?

d. Low parental education

Which of the following factors is associated with an increased risk for obesity? a. High socioeconomic status b. Living in an Asian culture c. Being well-cared-for as a child d. Low parental education

d. Low parental education

Which of the following would be the most objective way of evaluating treatment success? a. Gathering information about the therapist's impression of the changes that have occurred b. Looking at the client's reports of change c. Asking the client's family and friends to report on the progress they have observed d. Measuring the change through personality tests and other instruments

d. Measuring the change through personality tests and other instruments

50. Parental overvaluation is associated with which personality disorder? a. Antisocial b. Borderline c. Histrionic d. Narcissistic

d. Narcissistic

Parental overvaluation is associated with which personality disorder? a. Antisocial b. Borderline c. Histrionic d. Narcissistic

d. Narcissistic

Octavia has been diagnosed with dissociative identity disorder (DID). She has seventeen different "alters," which are strikingly different from her host personality. Some of her alters are not full personalities, but fragments and memories. Some of the alters are children. What aspect of this case is unusual?

d. No aspect of this case is unusual.

What is the most serious challenge in treating eating disorders?

d. Overcoming the patient's ambivalence toward treatment

Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for eating disorders in men?

d. Painting

35. Transient psychotic symptoms are seen in which of the following personality disorders? a. Paranoid and schizoid b. Schizotypal and schizoid c. Schizoid and antisocial d. Paranoid and schizotypal

d. Paranoid and schizotypal

Transient psychotic symptoms are seen in which of the following personality disorders? a. Paranoid and schizoid b. Schizotypal and schizoid c. Schizoid and antisocial d. Paranoid and schizotypal

d. Paranoid and schizotypal

Which of the following best describes the person with paranoid schizophrenia? a. Jake, who shows bizarre behavior, delusions, and disordered speech but has normal emotions. b. Lincoln, whose schizophrenia involves a chronic pattern of wild excitement followed by muteness and immobility. c. Constance, whose speech is incoherent and filled with invented words but whose emotions are inconsistent and inappropriate for the situation. d. Pauline, who is convinced that her husband is poisoning her food and can hear voices (that others cannot hear) calling her a liar and a thief.

d. Pauline, who is convinced that her husband is poisoning her food and can hear voices (that others cannot hear) calling her a liar and a thief.

d. People with both a personality disorder diagnosis and another type of disorder are easier to treat than people with just a personality disorder because they have more distress.

How do you distinguish between the binge-eating/purging type of anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa, purging type?

d. People with the bulimic type are normal weight, people with the anorexic type are underweight.

How do you distinguish between the binge-eating/purging type of anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa, purging type? a. The bulimic type involves throwing up, and the anorexic type involves fasting. b. Altered eating and exercise habits result in missed periods in the bulimic type only. c. The bulimic type results in more severe health consequences than the anorexic type. d. People with the bulimic type are normal weight, people with the anorexic type are underweight.

d. People with the bulimic type are normal weight, people with the anorexic type are underweight.

42. Which of the following is most typical of the interpersonal attitudes and behaviors of someone with histrionic personality disorder? a. Vacillation between over-idealization and bitter disappointment b. Excessive trust and dependence on others' opinions c. Cruel and callous exploitation of others for personal gain d. Repeated manipulation of others to gain attention

d. Repeated manipulation of others to gain attention

Which of the following is most typical of the interpersonal attitudes and behaviors of someone with histrionic personality disorder? a. Vacillation between overidealization and bitter disappointment b. Excessive trust and dependence on others' opinions c. Cruel and callous exploitation of others for personal gain d. Repeated manipulation of others to gain attention

d. Repeated manipulation of others to gain attention

How commonly are medications and therapy combined today? a. Combined treatments tend to only be used in an inpatient setting. b. Approximately 75 percent of those with a mental illness are treated with therapy alone, 10 percent use medications only, and just 15 percent are treated with both. c. While the combined approach is commonly used in the treatment of children, the same is not true in the adult population where the "quick fix" of medication is the norm. d. Research suggests that many of those in treatment receive both psychotherapy and medication.

d. Research suggests that many of those in treatment receive both psychotherapy and medication.

Which of the following could be described as "short-term" schizophrenia? a. Undifferentiated schizophrenia b. Schizoaffective disorder c. Delusional disorder d. Schizophreniform disorder

d. Schizophreniform disorder

Which of the following is the strongest predictor of a person developing bulimic symptoms? a. The amount of control families tried to have over the person b. The degree of overprotectiveness parents displayed c. The amount of marital conflict between the parents d. The amount of critical comments family members made about the person's appearance

d. The amount of critical comments family members made about the person's appearance

What "border" did the term "borderline" in borderline personality refer to? a. The border between mood and anxiety disorders b. People with borderline personality disorder were thought to be on the brink of psychosis, on the border between sanity and insanity. c. Because people with borderline personality disorder behave normally much of the time, they were thought to only be on the edge of mental illness. d. The behaviors exhibited by people with borderline personality disorder lie on continuum between neurotic and psychotic disorders.

d. The behaviors exhibited by people with borderline personality disorder lie on continuum between neurotic and psychotic disorders.

d. The co-occurrence of another mental disorder has a very significant effect on treatment outcome.

5. Which of the following is one of the criteria for a personality disorder diagnosis? a. The patient's behavior must reflect a lack of impulse control. b. The patient must experience mild irritability. c. Signs of psychosis must be present. d. The person's behavior problems must cause them distress or impairment.

d. The person's behavior problems must cause them distress or impairment.

58. What "border" did the term "borderline" in borderline personality refer to? a. The border between mood and anxiety disorders b. People with borderline personality disorder were thought to be on the brink of psychosis, on the border between sanity and insanity. c. Because people with borderline personality disorder behave normally much of the time, they were thought to only be on the edge of mental illness. d. The term was originally used to describe a condition on the "border" between neurotic and psychotic disorders.

d. The term was originally used to describe a condition on the "border" between neurotic and psychotic disorders.

38. Like many individuals with personality disorders, individuals with histrionic personality disorder are rarely able to maintain relationships over time. Why? a. Their extreme distrust makes lasting relationships impossible. b. Their self-reliance leads them to feel that they do not need anyone else. c. Their exaggerated sense of self-importance is generally off-putting. d. Their need for attention and manipulation is likely to drive others away.

d. Their need for attention and manipulation is likely to drive others away.

Which of the following is the best example of a "model" therapy session? a. A child with ADHD is taught ways to filter out distractions. b. A woman with an anxiety disorder is taught relaxation techniques. c. An alcoholic sees a therapist, attends AA meetings, and is taking an antidepressant medication. d. There is no "model" therapy.

d. There is no "model" therapy.

Which person described below is the "typical" client in psychotherapy? a. A middle-aged woman with a long history of psychotic behavior b. An attractive and verbal college student c. A man who has been coerced into treatment by the legal system d. There is no "typical" client

d. There is no "typical" client

Why has there been little systematic research conducted on dissociative amnesia and fugue?

d. These conditions are too rare to permit more extensive study.

Which of the following is true about second generation antipsychotics in the treatment of schizophrenia? a. They are more effective than first generation antipsychotics. b. They work by decreasing frontal lobe activity. c. They prevent prenatal brain damage. d. They are no more effective than first generation antipsychotics

d. They are no more effective than first generation antipsychotics

What do lithium carbonate, carbamazepine (Tegretol), and valproate (Depakote) have in common? a. They are benzodiazepines. b. They are used in the treatment of anxiety disorders. c. They are atypical antipsychotic drugs. d. They are used in the treatment of bipolar disorder.

d. They are used in the treatment of bipolar disorder.

d. They think they are nearly perfect and in no need of change.

What do the medications used to treat mental illnesses do? a. Cure the illness b. Restore brain chemistry to normal functioning c. Replace depleted neurotransmitters d. Treat the symptoms of the illness with biochemical changes

d. Treat the symptoms of the illness with biochemical changes

In which of the following countries are at least one-third of adults obese?

d. United States

In which of the following countries are at least one-third of adults obese? a. China b. Japan c. United Kingdom d. United States

d. United States

The finding that temperament may play a role in the etiology of personality disorders suggests that a. all personality disorders have a biological data b. learning plays a significant role in the development of personality disorders c. the environment does not play a causal role in the development of mood disorders d. a susceptability to the development of a personality disorder may be inherited

d. a susceptibility to the development of a personality disorder may be inherited

18. The finding that temperament may play a role in the etiology of personality disorders suggests that ________ a. all personality disorders have a biological basis. b. learning plays a significant role in the development of personality disorders. c. the environment does not play a causal role in the development of mood disorders. d. a susceptibility to the development of a personality disorder may be inherited.

d. a susceptibility to the development of a personality disorder may be inherited.

The finding that temperament may play a role in the etiology of personality disorders suggests that a. all personality disorders have a biological basis. b. learning plays a significant role in the development of personality disorders. c. the environment does not play a causal role in the development of mood disorders. d. a susceptibility to the development of a personality disorder may be inherited.

d. a susceptibility to the development of a personality disorder may be inherited.

Korsakoff's psychosis is now known as a. alcoholic withdrawal. b. alcohol withdrawal delirium. c. delirium tremens. d. alcohol amnestic disorder.

d. alcohol amnestic disorder

the central problem of schizoid personality disorder is a. recurrent depression b. a marked disregard for the feelings of others c. cognitive and perceptual distortions d. an inability to form attachments to other people

d. an inability to form attachments to other people

26. The central problem of schizoid personality disorder is ________ a. recurrent depression. b. a marked disregard for the feelings of others. c. cognitive and perceptual distortions. d. an inability to form attachments to other people.

d. an inability to form attachments to other people.

The central problem of schizoid personality disorder is a. recurrent depression. b. a marked disregard for the feelings of others. c. cognitive and perceptual distortions. d. an inability to form attachments to other people.

d. an inability to form attachments to other people.

57. Henry was a charming middle-aged man who came to the attention of authorities on bigamy charges. He had a long history of courting and supposedly marrying elderly widows, then absconding with their money. His diagnosis is most likely ________ a. narcissistic personality disorder. b. borderline personality disorder. c. histrionic personality disorder. d. antisocial personality disorder.

d. antisocial personality disorder.

Henry was a charming middle-aged man who came to the attention of authorities on bigamy charges. He had a long history of courting and supposedly marrying elderly widows, then absconding with their money. His diagnosis is most likely a. narcissistic personality disorder. b. borderline personality disorder. c. histrionic personality disorder. d. antisocial personality disorder.

d. antisocial personality disorder.

Oscar has been prescribed the following drugs over the years: Valium, Serax, Xanax, and Ativan. We can guess that Oscar has had problems with ________ a. positive symptom schizophrenia. b. mood swings. c. depression and anger control. d. anxiety.

d. anxiety.

Helena has avoidant personality disorder. She is likely to a. engage in a series of intense, unstable relationships. b. have no interest in social relationships. c. avoid achievement situations where she might fail. d. be hypersensitive to any sign of criticism or rejection.

d. be hypersensitive to any sign of criticism or rejection.

61. Loretta has a long history of first idealizing men and then feeling they have abandoned her. Feelings of emptiness change into reckless acts of sexual promiscuity, gambling, and suicide attempts. She feels that she has never had a sense of self. Loretta probably has ________ personality disorder. a. narcissistic b. histrionic c. dependent d. borderline

d. borderline

Which of the following is a Cluster B personality Disorder a. depressive b. schizoid c. paranoid d. borderline

d. borderline

59. Impulsivity and extreme instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, and mood best characterize ________ a. histrionic personality disorder. b. antisocial personality disorder. c. avoidant personality disorder. d. borderline personality disorder.

d. borderline personality disorder.

Impulsivity and extreme instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, and mood best characterize a. histrionic personality disorder. b. antisocial personality disorder. c. avoidant personality disorder. d. borderline personality disorder.

d. borderline personality disorder.

Raquel has occasions when she eats enormous amounts of food in a short time. Afterwards, she will refuse to eat anything solid for a couple of days. Her weight fluctuates but is normal. Her most likely diagnosis is

d. bulimia nervosa, nonpurging type.

Joan was surprised that, when she went to therapy, her therapist didn't ask her questions, but just listened to her talk. She said she felt very comfortable with the therapist and felt she could say anything at all and be accepted, unlike with her critical parents. She said she could try out new ideas and the therapist was always warm and nonjudgmental. Joan was probably in ________ a. rational emotive therapy. b. psychodynamic therapy. c. systematic desensitization. d. client-centered therapy.

d. client-centered therapy.

Research suggests that ________ provides the best immediate and long-term outcomes in the treatment of bulimia nervosa. a. systematic desensitization b. family therapy c. antidepressant medication d. cognitive-behavioral therapy

d. cognitive-behavioral therapy

A common sign of bulimia nervosa is a. lanugo. b. intolerance to cold. c. kidney failure. d. damaged teeth and mouth ulcers.

d. damaged teeth and mouth ulcers.

Which of the following is a potential consequence of anorexia nervosa? a. memory loss b. excessive hair growth c. hearing and vision impairment d. death

d. death

What disorders are often comorbid with eating disorders? a. post-traumatic stress disorder and depression b. panic disorder and personality disorders c. generalized anxiety disorder and substance abuse d. depression and personality disorders

d. depression and personality disorders

Sarah has just received her first treatment of electroconvulsive therapy. She is most likely to ________ a. experience auditory hallucinations for a brief time afterward. b. suffer tonic and clonic seizures over the next week. c. feel more clearheaded and less depressed following the first two to three sessions. d. experience amnesia and confusion for an hour after the treatment.

d. experience amnesia and confusion for an hour after the treatment.

Obesity a. is based on an individual's subjective opinion of their own weight. b. rates vary little across Western cultures. c. is not associated with any form of stigma. d. has been increasing in many countries, including the United States.

d. has been increasing in many countries, including the United States.

Response prevention has been used in the treatment of both

d. hypochondriasis and obsessive compulsive disorder.

Gastric bypass surgery makes it

d. impossible to binge eat but still possible to regain weight.

Somatization disorder and hypochondriasis differ because

d. in somatization disorder, people are concerned about multiple different physical symptoms, in hypochondriasis, people are concerned about having an organic disease.

Which of the following has been indicated as the best approach in the treatment of binge eating disorder? a. psychodynamic psychotherapy b. behavior therapy c. mindfulness therapy d. interpersonal psychotherapy

d. interpersonal psychotherapy

Binge-eating disorder

d. involves binges comparable to those in bulimia but without any inappropriate "compensatory" behavior to limit weight gain.

Binge-eating disorder a. is an extremely rare variant of bulimia nervosa. b. is diagnosed when a person binges and then purges by using laxatives or self-induced vomiting. c. cannot be diagnosed if a person is overweight. d. involves binges comparable to those in bulimia but without any inappropriate "compensatory" behavior to limit weight gain.

d. involves binges comparable to those in bulimia but without any inappropriate "compensatory" behavior to limit weight gain.

Ghrelin

d. is a hormone that is an appetite stimulator.

Grehlin

d. is a hormone that is an appetite stimulator.

Grehlin a. is a hormone that usually leads to decreased food intake. b. is a hormone that is not related in any way to obesity. c. is a hormone that helps the body regain its set-point. d. is a hormone that is an appetite stimulator.

d. is a hormone that is an appetite stimulator.

Unlike the person with paranoid schizophrenia, the person with paranoid personality disorder a. becomes delusional in response to an actual betrayal or hurtful incident with another person b. has persistent loss of reality contact. c. tends to confide in others and assume the loyalty of his or her friends d. is in contact with reality, although he or she may have transient psychotic symptoms

d. is in contact with reality, although he or she may have transient psychotic symptoms

22. Unlike the person with paranoid schizophrenia, the person with paranoid personality disorder ________ a. becomes delusional in response to an actual betrayal or hurtful incident with another person. b. has persistent loss of reality contact. c. tends to confide in others and assume the loyalty of his or her friends. d. is in contact with reality, although he or she may have transient psychotic symptoms.

d. is in contact with reality, although he or she may have transient psychotic symptoms.

Unlike the person with paranoid schizophrenia, the person with paranoid personality disorder a. becomes delusional in response to an actual betrayal or hurtful incident with another person. b. has persistent loss of reality contact. c. tends to confide in others and assume the loyalty of his or her friends. d. is in contact with reality, although he or she may have transient psychotic symptoms.

d. is in contact with reality, although he or she may have transient psychotic symptoms.

The process by which lithium reduces the likelihood of mood swings ________ a. involves changes in stress hormones including cortisol. b. alters GABA levels, although exactly how it does this is unknown. c. is a combination of reuptake inhibition and receptor site blockades among serotonin and dopamine tracts. d. is unknown at this time.

d. is unknown at this time.

which of the following personality disorders is most likely to be mistaken for schizophrenia? a. avoidant b. borderline c. schizoid d. schizotypal

d. schizotypal

The mindset of people with bulimia and people with anorexia a. is basically the same. b. is very different - people with anorexia eventually become satisfied with their weight loss and people with bulimia never do. c. is very different - people with bulimia don't seem bothered by other people's opinion (usually distress) about them and people with anorexia are very concerned and will do their best to hide their disorder. d. is very different - people with anorexia don't seem bothered by other people's opinion (usually distress) about them and people with bulimia are very concerned and will do their best to hide their disorder.

Humanistic-experiential therapies are based in the belief that psychopathology is, in part, a result of ________ a. faulty learning. b. self-defeating thinking. c. early parental interactions. d. lack of fulfillment.

d. lack of fulfillment.

Rates of alcoholism among Asian populations are ________ than among European peoples. This fact may be related to ________. a. higher; genetic differences in the sensitivity of the MCLP b. higher; genetic differences in the ability to metabolize alcohol c. lower; religious differences in the acceptability of alcohol d. lower; a mutant enzyme that leads to hypersensitive reactions to alcohol

d. lower; a mutant enzyme that leads to hypersensitive reactions to alcohol

the best single-word description for the person with paranoid personality disorder is a. delusional b. impulsive c. unemotional d. mistrustful

d. mistrustful

21. The best single-word description for the person with paranoid personality disorder is ________ a. delusional. b. impulsive. c. unemotional. d. mistrustful.

d. mistrustful.

The best single-word description for the person with paranoid personality disorder is a. delusional. b. impulsive. c. unemotional. d. mistrustful.

d. mistrustful.

51. At a young age, children are not able to understand that the world that others experience is different from their own. Children also tend to overestimate their own abilities. A failure to outgrow these youthful characteristics might explain the development of ________ personality disorder. a. antisocial b. borderline c. histrionic d. narcissistic

d. narcissistic

Which of the following accounts for more morbidity and mortality than all eating disorders combined?

d. obesity

Which of the following accounts for more morbidity and mortality than all eating disorders combined? a. anorexia nervosa b. bulimia nervosa c. binge-eating disorder d. obesity

d. obesity

Which of the following is not a condition found in the DSM? a. Anorexia nervosa b. Bulimia nervosa c. Binge-eating disorder d. Obesity

d. obesity

What is the most serious challenge in treating eating disorders? a. making a diagnosis before the disorder becomes life threatening b. engaging the family in the treatment process c. finding an effective pharmacological treatment d. overcoming the patient's ambivalence toward treatment

d. overcoming the patient's ambivalence toward treatment

Transient psychotic symptoms are seen in which of the following personality disorders? a. paranoid and schizoid b. schizotypal and schizoid c. schizoid and antisocial d. paranoid and schizotypal

d. paranoid and schizotypal

A randomized clinical trial is a study where ________ a. all subjects are treated the same to see what percentage of the total gets better, stays the same, or gets worse. b. people are assigned to different types of treatment in alternating alphabetical order to see which treatment is best. c. people go through different treatments in random order to see which one works best. d. people are assigned to different groups by a flip of a coin, one-half to a treatment group and one-half to a seemingly identical placebo group.

d. people are assigned to different groups by a flip of a coin, one-half to a treatment group and one-half to a seemingly identical placebo group.

d. repeated manipulation of others to gain attention

Antidepressants are used to treat all of the following except ________ a. panic disorder. b. bulimia. c. borderline personality disorder. d. schizophrenia.

d. schizophrenia.

Tricyclic antidepressant medications were discovered during a search for a treatment for ________ a. dopamine. b. psychopathy. c. bulimia. d. schizophrenia.

d. schizophrenia.

Jeremy suffers from psychogenic amnesia. He probably

d. seems quite normal other than for his amnesia.

Our current knowledge of the efficacy of treating eating disorders a. is quite thorough because there are many controlled studies comparing long-term outcomes. b. is much more detailed for anorexia nervosa than for bulimia nervosa. c. suggests that hospitalization is most effective for long-term maintenance of treatment gains. d. suggests that cognitive-behavioral therapy is one of the treatments of choice.

d. suggests that cognitive-behavioral therapy is one of the treatments of choice.

Our current knowledge of the efficacy of treating eating disorders

d. suggests that cognitive-behavioral therapy is the treatment of choice.

A lack of body distortions among the Amish

d. suggests that there should be a low prevalence of eating disorders among these peoples.

A lack of body distortions among the Amish a. provides evidence against a role for sociocultural factors in the development of eating disorders. b. indicates that the Amish do not value physical beauty. c. suggests that the influence of the Western media is not as great as commonly perceived. d. suggests that there should be a low prevalence of eating disorders among these peoples.

d. suggests that there should be a low prevalence of eating disorders among these peoples.

The borderline personality differs from histrionic disorder in that a. impulsive behavior is rare. b. a need for others is not exhibited. c. comorbid diagnoses are rare. d. the central role of sexuality is not present.

d. the central role of sexuality is not present.

One criticism of traditional behavioral couple therapy has been ________ a. its focus on faulty role expectations. b. the assumption that a good marriage requires an underlying friendship. c. the belief that keeping channels of communication open will help solve problems. d. the emphasis on change.

d. the emphasis on change.

One reason the use of lithium in the United States was delayed as a treatment for bipolar disorder was due to ________ a. the stigma associated with mental illness. b. its addiction potential. c. a lack of evidence to demonstrate that it was effective. d. the fact that it could not be patented.

d. the fact that it could not be patented.

According to the DSM-5, which of the following must be true for a personality disorder diagnosis? a. the patient's behavior must reflect a lack of impulse control b. the patient must experience mild irritability c. signs of psychosis must be present d. the person's behavior problems must cause them distress or impairment.

d. the person's behavior problems must cause them distress or impairment

At low levels, alcohol's effect on the brain is ________; at higher levels, alcohol's effect is ________. a. to inhibit glutamate (an excitatory neurotransmitter); release opium-like endorphins b. too minimal to have an impact; massive and excitatory c. depressive; excitatory d. to activate the brain's "pleasure centers"; depress brain functioning

d. to activate the brain's "pleasure centers"; depress brain functioning

Drugs that block dopamine receptors are most likely to be used to ________ a. distort perception. b. alleviate depression. c. stabilize mood. d. treat psychotic disorders.

d. treat psychotic disorders.

Ellen is underweight but not less than 85 percent of normal body weight. She often restricts her eating because she is intensely fearful of becoming fat. She purges at least twice a week, even though she does not eat large amounts of food at any sitting. According to the DSM-5 she should be diagnosed a. with anorexia nervosa, binge/purge subtype. b. with eating disorder not otherwise specified. c. with binge eating disorder. d. with purging disorder.

d. with purging disorder.

When it comes to comparing one's actual body image with the ideal body,

d. young women are more likely to be dissatisfied than young men.

When it comes to comparing one's actual body image with the ideal body, a. young men are just as likely to see themselves as too fat as young women. b. most young women want a body that is more "curved" than the media-encouraged ideal. c. young women often falsely believe that men prefer larger women than they actually do. d. young women are more likely to be dissatisfied than young men.

d. young women are more likely to be dissatisfied than young men.

what are the characteristics of those with antisocial personality disorder?

deceitful, aggressive, and irresponsible behavior and lack of regard for the rights of others -many incarcerated people have this

drugs used to treat enuresis are thought to

decrease the deepest stage of sleep

the term "juvenile delinquent" is

defined by the legal system

the most common cause of dementia is

degenerative brain disease

which of the following is not a subtype of ADHD found in the DSM-IV-TR

degenerative brain disease

Suddenly, Lavinia is unable to remember what she was doing...

delirium

sterling believes that the TV special that was on last night was shown to tell her she should break up with her boyfriend. she is absolutely certain this is true and plans to do it. this type of belief is an example of

delusion of reference

Sterling believes that the TV special that was on last night was shown to tell her that she should break up with her boyfriend. She is absolutely certain this is true and plans to do it. This type of belief is an example of a

delusion of reference.

which of the following is most likely to be characterisitc of a physically aggressive Alzheimer's Disease patient

delusions of persecution

dependent personality disorder

Emily calls her husband every day at work to ask him what she should make for dinner. She spends her days at her mother's, because Emily worries that something will go wrong in her own home that she won't be able to handle. Even though she paints and draws well, Emily has never tried to take a class or use her talent, because she says she knows she really isn't good enough. Emily's most likely diagnosis is: a. borderline personality disorder b. dependent personality disorder c. schizoid personality disorder d. paranoid personality disorder

dependent personality disorder

In which of the following disorders is a comorbid diagnosis of depression most commonly seen? a. antisocial personality disorder b. obsessive compulsive personality disorder c. dependent personality disorder d. histrionic personality disorder

dependent personality disorder

which disorder is a comorbid diagnosis of depression most commonly seen

dependent personality disorder

Which mental disorder is most commonly comorbid with alcoholism? a. panic disorder b. obsessive compulsive disorder c. dissociative amnesia d. depression

depression

The best current research shows that children of parents with antisocial personality disorder who were adopted into other families: a. did not develop antisocial personality disorder b. developed antisocial personality disorder at higher rates regardless of the quality of their adoptive family c. developed antisocial personality disorder at higher rates only if their adoptive family had problems, such as marital conflict d. developed antisocial personality disorder at a later age than if they had been raised by their biological parents

developed antisocial personality disorder at higher rates regardless of the quality of their adoptive family

compared to enuresis, encorpresis is

diagnosed at an earlier age

about half of the individuals with borderline personality disorder also qualifiy for:

diagnosis of a mood disorder at some time

After being hit on the head, Bob experienced some retrograde amnesia...

did not know what happened

The term "demence precoce" was used by Benedict Morel to describe schizophrenia and to also explain the

difference between schizophrenia and dementias of old age

attention deficit hyperactivity is characterized by

difficulties that interfere with effective task oriented behavior

Moira is schizophrenic. She giggles a lot, acts silly, and talks "baby talk." She experiences frequent auditory hallucinations and bizarre delusions. Moira most likely belongs to the ________ subtype of schizophrenia.

disorganized

moira is a schizophrenic. she giggles a lot, acts silly, talks "baby talk". she experiences frequent auditory hallucinations and bizarre delusions. moira is most likely experienceing the ______ subtype of schizophrenia

disorganized

People with schizophrenia may have difficulty with the form of thought - in other words, their thoughts do not make sense. The observable sign of this is

disorganized speech

People with schizophrenia may have difficulty with the form of thought - in other words, their thoughts do not make sense. The observable sign of this is

disorganized speech.

Betty was admitted to the hospital in a state of withdrawal from alcohol. She was diagnosed with alcohol withdrawal delirium (formerly known as delirium tremens). She most likely showed which of the following behaviors? a. delusions of grandeur and an inability to get to sleep b. disorientation for time and place and vivid hallucinations c. severe memory deficit and the tendency to falsify reporting events (confabulation) d. prolonged sleep followed by convulsions and heart failure

disorientation for time and place and vivid hallucinations

Over the course of the disorder, most individuals with schizophrenia

display a mix of positive and negative symptoms

over the course of the disorder, most individuals with schizpohrenia

display a mix of positive and negative symptoms

The tension-reduction model of alcoholism: a. does not explain why some excessive drinkers are able to maintain control over their drinking while others are not b. suggests that alcoholism is environmentally determined c. proposes that alcoholism is an incurable disease d. provides an explanation for the role that personality traits play in the development of alcohol abuse

does not explain why some excessive drinkers are able to maintain control over their drinking while others are not

in contrast to most other forms of therapy, the client centered therapist

does not give answers or interpretations nor even steer the client onto certain topics

a mother constantly demands that her son show her how much she is loved, but when he tries to hug her she yells at him to be more discreet. no matter what the child does, he is wrong. further, the mother prohibits him from commenting on this paradox. what does this interaction pattern best illustrate

double-blind communication

the broadest of the insanity rules is the

durham rule

the most widely known and studied learning disorder is

dyslexia

aberrant salience means that

dysregulated dopamine can cause people with schizophrenia to pay too much attention to stimuli that are not actually important

Aberrant salience means that

dysregulated dopamine can cause people with schizophrenia to pay too much attention to stimuli that are not actually important.

Aberrant salience means that ________

dysregulated dopamine can cause people with schizophrenia to pay too much attention to stimuli that are not actually important.

why is it important to prevent teen alcohol use

early alcohol use is associated with later alcohol abuse and dependence

Which of the following is both a stimulant and a hallucinogen? a. amphetamine b. cocaine c. ecstasy d. mescaline

ecstasy

what are the characteristics of those with Borderline personality disorder

emotional instability, fears of abandonment, impulsivity, self- mutilating behavior, and an unstable sense of personal relationships. - those with BPD have intense and stormy personal relationships

which of the following is an example of a negative symptom

emotional unresponsiveness

which of the following was a result of teh americans with disabilities act

employers cannot discriminateagainst people with psychiatric problems

what might be a component of a biologically based universal strategy for preventing mental illness

encouragin regular physical activity

which might be a component of a biologically based universal strategy for preventing mental illness

encouraging regular physical activity

all of the following are symptoms of Tourette's syndrome except

enuresis

as a camp counselor you are surprised when you hear that one of your young campers takes hormone replacement drug intransasally to treat a psychological disorder. The disorder is most likely

enuresis

why might Kraeplin's idea that schizophrenia was similar to dementia not be as far from the truth as previously thought

evidence suggests that there sometimes are progressive changes in the brain volume over time in people with schizophrenia

The reciprocal influence model of alcohol use suggests that: a. expectancies of social benefit can influence adolescents to begin or to continue drinking b. the final common pathway of alcohol use is motivation c. alcoholics are especially intolerant of stress, and thus susceptible to the tension-reducing properties of alcohol d. marital partners may enable one another to continue drinking

expectancies of social benefit can influence adolescents to begin or to continue drinking

Sarah has just received her first treatment of electroconvulsive therapy. She is most likely to

experience amnesia and confusion for an hour after the treatment

Men who are at high risk for becoming alcoholics: a. experience more pleasure when they ingest alcohol than nonalcoholic men b. experience greater lessening of feelings of stress after alcohol consumption than nonalcoholic men c. tend to be more impulsive than the general population d. respond less dramatically to alcohol related-cues than nonalcoholic men

experience greater lessening of feelings of stress after alcohol consumption than nonalcoholic men

Felicia has been diagnosed with bulimia nervosa, purging type. We should expect that she

experiences electrolyte imbalances and mineral deficiencies.

the focus or process experimental therapy is

experiencing of emotions during therapy

"Familial" does not mean the same thing as "genetic" because

familes share both genes AND the environment

"Familial" does not mean the same thing as "genetic" because

families share both genes and the environment.

"Familial" does not mean the same thing as "genetic" because ________

families share both genes and the environment.

based on current research, which statement is most justified? a. Genetics play such a strong role, they are a sufficient condition for schizophrenia. b. Genetics increase a person's vulnerability to develop schizophrenia. c. Genetics may not be sufficient for schizophrenia, but everyone who develops schizophrenia must have some number of "schizophrenia genes." d. Genetics cannot play a significant role in the cause of schizophrenia because most people with the disorder have no close relatives who have it.

genetics increase a person's vulnerability to develop schizophrenia

which of the following is associated with an increased risk of developing Alzheimer's disease

giving birth to a child with Down Syndrome before age 35

it has been suggested that the symptoms seen in autism might reflect a problem with the fuction of the

glutamate neurotransmitter system

which of the following is a criticism of humanisitc-experimental therapies

goals are not clear

Which of the following distinguishes narcissistic personality disorder from the other Cluster B disorders? a. emotionality b. grandiosity c. impulsivity d. vanity

grandiosity

what impact have HMOS had on mental health care

greater emphasis has been placed on finding treatment approaches that are time and cost efficient

James has two alcoholic parents. Research suggests that his risk for alcoholism is: a. nearly 100 percent b. greater than if he had one alcoholic parent c. no greater than if he had one alcoholic parent d. about 10 percent higher than if he had no alcoholic parents

greater than if he had one alcoholic parent

Which of the following seems to have the most impact in decreasing the amount of criminal activities of people with psychopathy and antisocial personality disorder? a. cognitive behavioral treatment b. medication c. growing older d. nothing has any impact

growing older

Hattie has a dependent personality disorder. This means that she

has acute discomfort when she is alone

Hattie has a dependent personality disorder. This means that she: a. experiences little distress in her life b. has difficulty in initiating relationships c. has acute discomfort when she is alone d. prefers being alone rather than being with people who might criticize her

has acute discomfort when she is alone

prenatal influenza exposure

has been found to lead to an increased risk of schizophrenia

in genetics studies, a "proband" or "index case" is someone who

has the disorder of interest

In genetic studies, a "proband" or "index case" is someone who

has the disorder of interest.

In genetic studies, a "proband" or "index case" is someone who ________

has the disorder of interest.

Judd has been drinking heavily for a number of years. When he is not drinking, he experiences profuse sweating and shakes. This indicates that Judd: a. has an organic impairment b. has withdrawal symptoms when he abstains from alcohol c. cannot be diagnosed with substance dependence d. has developed a tolerance for alcohol

has withdrawal symptoms when he abstains from alcohol

compared to his nonschizophrenic identical twin, matthew (who is schizophrenic) is more likely to

have been conbsidered "different" or "odd" as a child

Compared to his nonschizophrenic identical twin, Matthew (who is schizophrenic) is more likely to

have been considered "different" or "odd" in childhood.

which of the following is most likely seen in an individual with paranoid schizophrenia

have delusions of reference

freud called dreams the royal road to the unconscious because

he believed that defenses were lowered during sleep and repressed materials would start to come out during dreams

Joe has a delusional belief. when people argue with him,

he doesn't admit he could be wrong, no matter what proof he is shown

Joe has a delusional belief. When people argue with him,

he doesn't admit he could be wrong, no matter what proof he is shown.

Joe has a delusional belief. When people argue with him, ________

he doesn't admit he could be wrong, no matter what proof he is shown.

the text presented a case study of a retired man who was hospitalized by his wife and son...

he had good memory for remote events but not memory for events that just occured

A cognitive explanation for schizoid personality disorder proposes that the individual with this disorder believes that ________

he is basically alone

A cognitive explanation for schizoid personality disorder proposes that the individual with this disorder believes that: a. he is basically alone b. few people can be trusted c. no one can live up to his or her expectations d. he is misunderstood

he is basically alone

c. is caused by amyloid in the brain

he protein called tau a. is a sticky substance at the core of a plaque. b. is a neurotoxic substance that occurs in the brains of people with Alzheimer's disease. c. is caused by amyloid in the brain d. is a neurotransmitter important in the mediation of memory.

what was unusual about the Hinckley case

he was successful in pleading the insanity case

the extremely intensive experimental behavior program designed by Ivar Lovaas for children with autism

helped almost hald of the children in the treatment program achieve normal intellectual functioning

In 2005, which of the following accounted for 10 percent of all drug-related emergency room admissions? a. cocaine b. ecstasy c. barbiturates d. heroin

heroin

Lori is vain and self-centered. When she goes out, it is not at all uncommon for her to do things that ensure she is the center of attention. Her close friends describe her as a "drama queen." Assuming that her behavior is sufficient to warrant a diagnosis, which of the following personality disorders is she most likely to be diagnosed with? a. antisocial b. borderline c. histrionic d. narcissistic

histrionic

Which of the following personality disorders might be the female equivalent of antisocial personality disorder? a. avoidant b. schizotypal c. histrionic d. schizoid

histrionic

Luisa is a lively and emotional graduate student. She dresses provocatively and behaves in a very seductive manner with her male professors. She has had a long string of short-lived, stormy romances. Luisa is most likely to have a diagnosis of: a. histrionic personality disorder b. narcissistic personality disorder c. dependent personality disorder d. passive-aggressive personality disorder

histrionic personality disorder

phenylketonuria can be used to illustrate

how nature and nurture interact

the extent of the deficits seen after brain damage are determined in part

how one is functioning before the damage occurs

The best predictor of overall functioning over time for someone with schizophrenia is

how severe the person's negative symptoms are

juliet is a depressed child. When she wins a prize at school for her art project, how is she likely to explain it

i got lucky

research suggests that the use of ______ may decrease the risk of developing Alzheimer's Disease

ibuprofen

jerry had a stroke several months ago. Among the changes his family has noticed that he now blows up over little things, cries over minor problems and laughs at anything, no matter how silly. Jerry is showing

impairment of affective modulation

Persons at high risk for developing alcohol-related problems tend to be more ________ than those at low risk. a. impulsive b. vain c. dependent d. submissive

impulsive

According to Paris (2007), a key causal factor in borderline personality disorder seems to be: a. inconsistent or highly punitive discipline in childhood b. impulsivity and affective instability interacting with such factors as trauma or loss c. a negative attributional style d. an inability to empathize with other people

impulsivity and affective instability interacting with such factors as trauma or loss

a crucial aspect of developmental psychopathology is understanding individual maladaptation

in the context of normal developmental changes

which of the following is not a subtype of ADHD found in the DSM-IV-TR

inattentive/impulsive type

the neuropathology in AIDS-related dementia

includes generalized atrophy in the brain

a hypothetical drug might improve cognitive functioning of Alzheimer's patients would probably

increase levels of acetylcholine

all of the following are social forces that affect teen drug use except

increased potency of street drugs

Treatment of ADHD with drugs such as ritalin is thought to be effective as it

increases the ability to concentrate

when adoption studies of schizophrenia contain all the necessary controls and measurements

index subjects are more likely to develop schizophrenia than the control subjects

When adoption studies of schizophrenia contain all the necessary controls and measurements,

index subjects are more likely to develop schizophrenia than the control subjects.

in order to prevent long term consequences ______ interventions are provided immediately after a disaster such as a plane crash

indicated

which is a characteristic of therapeutic community

individual responsibility

which of the following is a characteristic of a therapeautic community

individual responsibility

The most recent research on deinstitutionalization has found

inpatient hospitalization has been increasing due to the failure to provie adequate care in the community

extrapyramidal side effects

involuntary movements that result mainly from taking first-generation antipsychotic drugs

the failies of children with conduct disorders typically

involve rejection and neglect

the families of children with conduct disorders typically

involve rejection and neglect

Most of the evidence suggests that, if schizophrenia is inherited, it

involves a multitude of genes that work in concert

Aversive conditioning for alcoholics: a. punishes the alcoholic for drinking by making him or her sick after drinking b. uses educational and life skills training to help the alcoholic understand the negative aspects of drinking c. includes family members to try to help the alcoholic understand the harm his or her behaviors have done d. involves pairing alcohol with something unpleasant like electric shock

involves pairing alcohol with something unpleasant like electric shock

Which of the following is most typical of the interpersonal attitudes and behaviors of someone with antisocial personality disorder? a. vacillation between overidealization and bitter disappointment b. excessive trust and dependence on others' opinions c. irritable and aggressive pattern of irresponsible behavior d. repeated manipulation of others to gain attention

irritable and aggressive pattern of irresponsible behavior

which of the following is most typical of the interpersonal attitudes and behaviors of someone with antisocial personality disorder?

irritable and aggressive pattern of irresponsible behavior

The five- factor model: a. is a model of normal personality that includes an expanded description of the five basic personality dimensions b. is a model that attempts to explain personality disorders by dividing them into five main categories c. is a model that explains the causes of personality disorders by describing the five most important factors that lead to their development d. is a five-step model for the treatment of personality disorders

is a model of normal personality that includes an expanded description of the five basic personality dimensions

vascular dementia

is a result of many small strokes

a randomized clinical trial

is a study where people are assigned to different groups by the flip of a coin

Linkage analysis

is being used to help locate genes associated with schizophrenia

linkage analysis

is being used to help locate genes associated with schizophrenia

Cirrhosis of the liver: a. is a rare complication of alcoholism b. is due to an allergic-type reaction of the body to alcohol c. is caused by overworking the liver trying to assimilate large amounts of alcohol d. is debilitating but rarely fatal

is caused by overworking the liver trying to assimilate large amounts of alcohol

Disorganized schizophrenia

is characterized by disorganized speech

Disorganized schizophrenia ________

is characterized by disorganized speech

Dr. McDougal's specialty is forensic psychology. We can imagine that she

is concerned with the legal status of the mentally ill

Unlike the person with paranoid schizophrenia, the person with paranoid personality disorder: a. becomes delusional in response to an actual betrayal or hurtful incident with another person b. has persistent loss of reality contact c. tends to confide in others and assume the loyalty of his or her friends d. is in contact with reality, although he or she may have transient psychotic symptoms

is in contact with reality, although he or she may have transient psychotic symptoms

Unlike the person with paranoid schizophrenia, the person with paranoid personality disorder ________

is in contact with reality, although he or she may have transient psychotic symptoms.

Controlled drinking - teaching alcoholics to drink in moderation: a. has been generally accepted as a useful treatment b. is incorporated in Brief Motivational Intervention c. works better than complete abstinence d. seems to work well for all types of alcoholics

is incorporated in Brief Motivational Intervention

Barbiturate withdrawal: a. is similar to withdrawal from cocaine and opium b. is more dangerous and long-lasting than most drugs c. causes psychological distress but no withdrawal symptoms d. lasts for a short time but is very painful

is more dangerous and long-lasting than most drugs

the development of conduct disorder in adolescence

is not associated with lasting behavioral problems

ADHD

is the most frequent psychological referral to mental health facilities

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

is the most frequent psychological referral to mental health facilities

The presence of psychopathy ________

is the single best predictor of future violence and crime recidivism

The presence of psychopathy: a. is the single best predictor of future violence and crime recidivism b. means that a person also has antisocial personality disorder c. means a person is less likely to be violent and to repeat crimes d. is the single best predictor that treatment will be successful

is the single best predictor of future violence and crime recidivism

the presence of psychopathy

is the single best predictor of future violence and crime recidivism

The process by which lithium reduces the likelihood of mood swings

is unknown at this time

the process by which lithium reduces the likelihood of mood swings

is unknown at this time

delirium

is usually reversible

The typical course of alcohol-related disorder: a. is always a continuous and gradual decline b. is a rapid decline followed by abstinence c. is a gradual decline followed by increasing physical problems d. is varied but often progresses from early to late stage disorder

is varied but often progresses from early to late stage disorder

separation anxiety disorder is best illustrated by which of the following people

isabella, who worries that her father will die if she is not near him

Since there are substantial problems with reliability and validity of the diagnoses of personality disorders: a. they are rarely used in clinical practice b. it is less likely that research on a disorder will be able to be replicated by other researchers c. they are considered by clinicians only as suggestions and do not have an impact on treatment decisions d. very little research or search for treatments is done

it is less likely that research on a disorder will be able to be replicated by other researchers

Brad has been diagnosed with oppositional defiant disorder (ODD). The disorder began around age 12 and is characterized by disobedient and hostile behavior toward authority figures. What aspect of this case is unusual?

it is unusual for the onset of OD to ooccur at age 12

The reciprocal influence model suggests that: a. teens will start drinking early no matter what b. it may be possible to interrupt the cycle by changing expectancies about drinking c. it would be hard to interrupt the cycle because most teens' expectancies about drinking are accurate d. even with different expectancies, teens still drink

it may be possible to interrupt the cycle by changing expectancies about drinking

which changed with the federal insanity defense reform act of 1984

it put the burden of proof on the defense

why should defense lawyers be cautious about using the insanity defense

it rarely works

which of the following is a disadvantage of psychotherapy

it takes time

why is a drug that produces long lasting results desirable

it will need to be taken less frequently

Which of the following is NOT an advantage of behavior therapy?

it works well if a problem is vage and ill defined

which of the following can be committed against their will to a psychiatric ward

kathie, who has schizophrenia and has been threatening to hurt people on the street

the hallmark symptom of autism is

lack of interest in other people

Which parenting skill or parental behavior is most associated with adolescent substance use? a. overindulging children by giving them too many gifts and privileges b. restricting children from any form of experimentation with alcohol and other drugs c. restricting the expression of positive emotions d. lack of monitoring the adolescent's activities

lack of monitoring the adolescent's activities

The majority of cases of schizophrenia begin in

late adolescence or early adulthood

the majority of cases of schizophrenia begin in

late adolescence or early adulthood

an asymmetry in brain development has been hypothesized to be a cause of

learning disabilities

one aspect of family environment that has been found to be important in schizophrenia is

level of expressed emotion

before the accident, Bob was unemplyed and had few friends. lionel, who suffered comparable head trauma...

lionel, because he is most likely to be motivated to recover

The region of the brain known as the ________ (MHC) plays an important role in brain development and neuronal function.

major histocompatibility complex

in most states with a tarasoff type rule, when a client threatens someone a therapist must

make a reasonable effort to warn potential victims

anosognosia is an ability to

make realistic self appraisals

manifest content of the dream is the story of the car

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the use of mental health resources in private industry?

many companies have recently begun providing psychological services through employee assistance programs

as children with ADHD become adolescents and adults

many continue to experience symptoms

Misdiagnoses are common when looking at potential personality disorders because: a. the diagnostic criteria are objective b. many of the personality disorders share common features c. most of those in treatment for personality disorders are heavily medicated d. it is usually not possible to determine when the problematic behavior began

many of the personality disorders share common features

which is the most significant challenge to establishing that therapy is effective

many people improve without formal treatment

Passing out from a high blood level of alcohol: a. may actually be a safety device b. means a person has not yet developed tolerance c. means that a person's blackouts have worsened and increased over time d. may be the result of an allergic reaction to alcohol

may actually be a safety device

communcation deviance

may be an environmental risk factor for the development of schizophrenia

Communication deviance

may be an environmental risk factor for the development of schizophrenia.

Most of the evidence suggests that schizophrenia runs in families. This means that schizophrenia ________

may be caused by a combination of genetic and environmental influences.

atypical antipsychotics are more commonly used today because

may effective treat both positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia

Malnutrition: a. does not occur in alcoholics since alcohol provides both calories and nutrients b. only occurs when alcoholics are destitute and not able to afford to purchase food c. may occur in alcoholics since alcohol interferes with the body's ability to use nutrients d. is rare among alcoholics because alcohol is most commonly consumed with food

may occur in alcoholics because alcohol interferes with the body's ability to use nutrients

neuroimaging studies of hallucinating patients suggests that auditory hallucinations

may reflect a cognitive error

Neuroimaging studies of hallucinating patients suggest that auditory hallucinations

may reflect a cognitive error.

once a person has been involuntarily committed to a mental institution, he or she

mayrefuse treatment

The verdict of Guilty but Mentally Ill

means people with mental illness that are found guilty of a crime go to the hospital until they are better, then return to jail to serve out their sentence

what are endophenotypes

measurable traits that are thought to be linked to specific genes that might be important in schizophrenia

which of the following would be the most objective way of evaluation treatment success

meauring the change in through personality tests and other instruments

what has research on the use of a combined approach to the treatment of depression deomstrated

medication in combination with therapy yields the best results

Which of the following people is most likely to be dependent on barbiturates? a. a teenaged boy who is often impulsive and aggressive b. an undereducated member of a minority group who has antisocial personality disorder c. an anxious young adult who takes the drugs to feel more confident d. middle-aged and older persons who cannot get to sleep without them

middle-aged and older persons who cannot get to sleep without them

The best single-word description for the person with paranoid personality disorder is: a. delusional b. impulsive c. unemotional d. mistrustful

mistrustful

knowing right from wrong is to ____ as "unlawful act was the product of mental disease" is to _____

mnaughten rule, durham rule

While ________ can be used in treatment, it also a means by which problematic behaviors are acquired when others' behavior is problematic.

modeling

while _____ can be used in treatment, it also is a means by which problematic behaviors are acquired

modeling

yuko is painfully shy...

modeling

Ron works as a custodian's helper at a school, under supervision of the custodian. Ron can read and write his name, and can read first-grade books. He moves slowly and sometimes with difficulty. Ron most likely has

moderate mental retardation

Jenny has an IQ in the average range. How, at school she is doing very badly...

most likely has a learning disbility

the most common cause of traumatic brain injury is

motor vehicle accidents

narcissistic

Parental overvaluation is associated with which personality disorder? a. antisocial b. borderline c. histrionic d. narcissistic

narcissistic

parental overvaluation is associated with which personality disorder?

narcissistic

Hope believes that she is the "star" of her graduate class and that the other students dislike her because they are jealous of her superior intelligence. She believes that she is entitled to be exempted from an important exam because of her outstanding performance in class. Hope probably suffers from: a. histrionic personality disorder b. narcissistic personality disorder c. dependent personality disorder d. schizoid personality disorder

narcissistic personality disorder

Which of the following personality disorders is more common in Western cultures?

narcissitic

Greg has been diagnosed with schizoid personality disorder. Knowing this, which of the following jobs would he be most likely to enjoy? a. night-time security guard who works alone b. receptionist at a busy dentist's office c. insurance inspector who uncovers clues that criminal behavior has occurred d. elementary school teacher who works with children who have emotional problems

night-time security guard who works alone

an example of a negative symptom of schizophrenia

no longer socializing with friends

delirium is thought to be more common in the elderly due to

normal age-related changes in the brain

Which phrase best captures how well mental health professionals do in predicting the occurrence of dangerous acts?

not as well as we would like

The Danish adoption studies have been criticized for

not assessing the child-rearing environments of the index and control groups

The danish adoption studies have been criticized for

not assessing the child-rearing environments of the index and control groups

The Danish adoption studies have been criticized for ________

not assessing the child-rearing environments of the index and control groups.

according to the M'Naghten Rule, insanity is defined as

not knowing right from wrong

whic of the following best illustrates the analysis of resistance

noting that the client is able to talk freely about his mother but not report anythign about his father

obsessive complusive

an individual with _____ personality disorder is likely to be described as rigid and cold

obsessive compulsive

Harold is perfectionistic and extremely concerned with maintaining a set routine. He probably suffers from ________ personality disorder. a. schizoid b. obsessive-compulsive c. dependent d. avoidant

obsessive-compulsive

John has a great need for order and perfectionism. He can't leave the house until every hair is in place, and he has been known to iron the same shirt over and over to ensure that he is wrinkle-free. What personality disorder does John's behavior suggest? a. avoidant b. dependent c. obsessive-compulsive d. narcissistic

obsessive-compulsive

The individual with ________ personality disorder is likely to be described as rigid and cold. a. borderline b. histrionic c. obsessive-compulsive d. dependent

obsessive-compulsive

a good example of psychotherapy being used as aguardian of the status quo

occurred when psychiatry was used as a means of political control in the former Soviet Union

What do all of the Cluster A disorders have in common? a. lack of emotional expression b. oddness or eccentricity c. clear link to schizophrenia d. trust in other people

oddness or eccentricity

drug treatment for autistic disorder has been found to be

of some value in reducing aggressive behaviors

studies of monochorionic and dichorionic twins

offer further evidence of the role of prenatal environment in schizophrenia

Which type of child is most likely to show the personality traits of a psychopath as an adult? a. one who has fearlessness, low anxiety, and high callousness b. one who has high fear and high callousness c. one who has trouble regulating emotions and high levels of emotional reactivity, including aggression d. one who has high depression, high anxiety, and is quick to anger

one who has fearlessness, low anxiety, and high callousness

which type of child is most likely to show the personality traits of a psychopath as an adult?

one who has fearlessness, low anxiety, and high callousness

Behviors, such as drug abuse, that leads to brain damage is most likely to be indicated

only on axis 1

how common are delusions in schizophrenia

over 90% of those with schizophrenia experience delusions

Which of the following is the most significant barrier to getting an alcoholic into treatment? a. the availability of alcohol b. the detoxification process c. overcoming denial d. finding a suitable treatment program

overcoming denial

paranoid

Amphetamine psychosis resembles: a. acute hypertension b. Korsakoff's syndrome c. paranoid schizophrenia d. borderline personality disorder

paranoid schizophrenia

effective treatments for conduct disorder usually involve

parental participation

what is one of the best predictors of future

past history of violence

what is one of the best predictors of future violence?

past history of violence

What is the advantage of using Pemoline to treat attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder instead of Ritalin

pemoline has fewer side effects

all of the following are sociocultural efforts toward universal prevention of mental disorders except

penal systems

Phineas Gage had a

penetrating head injury

Who has the highest self-reported quit rate among smokers? a. young adults who have just started smoking b. people who used nicotine replacement such as gum c. people who were hospitalized for cancer or lung problems d. people who underwent cognitive behavior treatment

people who were hospitalized for cancer or lung problems

Unlike disorders like depression and PTSD: a. personality disorders develop gradually b. multiple causal events can be identified when a personality disorder has developed c. those with personality disorders experience considerable subjective distress d. personality disorders are emotional disorders

personality disorders develop gradually

The best description of the biological component of personality disorders is: a. they are directly inherited disorders b. they have no biological component, they are learned c. personality traits are inherited that predispose a person to developing a personality disorder d. people inherit the trait of anxiety, which underlies all of the personality disorders and predisposes people to developing a personality disorder

personality traits are inherited that predispose a person to developing a personality disorder

_____ are a group of severely disabling conditions in children that are considered to be the result of structural differences in the brain and usually apparent at birth or as the child begins to develop

pervasive deveopmental disorders

a sign of disorganized schizophrenia

peter appears to feel no emotion and tends to make odd facial expressions and movements

what treatment approach is most liekly to be employed by an HMO to treat an anxiety disorder

pharmacotherapy

what two professional groups deal extensively with emotional problems but typically do not have specific training in counseling

physicians and the clergy

Unlike psychoactive substance abuse, psychoactive substance dependence usually involves: a. physiological symptoms such as tolerance and withdrawal b. continued use despite social and occupational problems c. pathological use of the substance d. the use of substances that laws prohibit one from buying or using

physiological symptoms such as tolerance and withdrawal

The main reason addicts gave for using heroin was: a. pleasure b. pain reduction c. depression d. mental illness

pleasure

A typical defense strategy, to try to counteract public anger about the insanity defense, is to

portray the defendant as someone who was him or herself a victim

a typical defense strategy, to try to counteract public anger about the insanity defense is to

portray the defendant as someone who was themselves a victim

a nobel prize winning treatment for scizophrenia was

prefrontal lobotomies

predicting dangerousnes is most comparable to

preparing a weather forecast

the best avenue of research for effective treatment of Alzheimer's disease involves

prevention or treatment at the first sign of illness because lost neurons cannot be regained

throughout his young life, Quiny, age 7, rarely wakes up in the morning to a dry bed. QUincy would be diagnoosed as having

primary functional enuresis

Studies of the effectiveness of antidepressant medication with children have

produced inconsistent results

sudies of the effectiveness of antidepressant medication with children have

produced inconsistent results

the cohesive model is a treatment strategy for the child with conduct disoorder that

proposes that dysfunctional interactions ahve served to maintain the child's problematic behavior

psychodynamic

all of the following are reasons why cognitive disorders are addressed in an abnormal text except

psychological conditions can signal the onset of brain damage

the terms function and organic are no longer found in the DSM. Functional was previously used to indicate a _____ origin while organic was used to refer to brain damage with a _______ cause

psychological, biological

psychopathy

An employee evaluation: "He takes what he wants rather than earns it. He hates routine and boredom more than anything else. Thrill-seeking and impulsive actions have gotten him fired from this job. It will get him fired at many others." What kind of disorder does the employee illustrate? a. histrionic personality disorder b. psychopathy c. borderline personality disorder d. substance abuse

psychopathy

Delirium has a ______ onset and dementia has a _______ onset

rapid onset; gradual onset

dr. lucas says to a client with anxiety disorders, "it is your unrealistic beliefs and perfectionist values that cause you to be so anxious, not the events of you life..."

rational emotive behavior

in beck's cognitive therapy, an early "hw" assignment would be

recording one's automatic thoughts and their associated emotional reactions

which of the following is a disadvantage of teh use of drugs to treat psychological disorders

relapse is likely when drugs is terminated

Which of the following is most typical of the interpersonal attitudes and behaviors of someone with histrionic personality disorder? a. vacillation between overidealization and bitter disappointment b. excessive trust and dependence on others' opinions c. cruel and callous exploitation of others for personal gain d. repeated manipulation of others to gain attention

repeated manipulation of others to gain attention

how commonly are medications and therapy combined today

research suggests that over hald of those in treatment receive both psychotherapy and medication

for bipolar patients, the risk of relapse after discontinuing lithium is

roughly 50% within six months

the DSM5 diagnosis for someone who has features of schizophrenia and a severe mood disorder is _____ disorder

schizoaffective

Julia clearly had psychotic symptoms. As she also showed symptoms of bipolar disorder, she was ultimately diagnosed with

schizoaffective disorder

There is some debate as to whether ________ is a variant of schizophrenia or a form of mood disorder.

schizoaffective disorder

there is some debate as to whether ______ is a variant of schizophrenia or a form of mood disorder

schizoaffective disorder

Julia clearly had psychotic symptoms. As she also showed symptoms of bipolar disorder, she was ultimately diagnosed with

schizoaffective disorder.

schizoid

The individual with avoidant personality disorder behaves most similarly to someone with ________ personality disorder.

schizoid

The individual with avoidant personality disorder behaves most similarly to someone with ________ personality disorder. a. antisocial b. borderline c. schizoid d. schizotypal

schizoid

people with _____ are usually unable to form social relationships and have little interest in them

schizoid personality disorder

schizoid; schizotypal

DeJuan is highly suggestible and automatically obeys the commands of his brother. He sometimes stands in the same strange posture for hours despite his hands and feet becoming swollen due to immobility. This has been going on for over a year. Which diagnosis does this best illustrate?

schizophrenia

DeJuan is highly suggestible and automatically obeys the commands of his brother. he sometimes stands in the same strange posture for hours despite his hands and feet becoming swollen due to immobility. This has been going on for over a year. which diagnosis is best

schizophrenia

DeJuan sometimes stands in the same strange posture for hours without moving or talking. This type of disorganized behavior is a symptom of _________

schizophrenia

Harold and tanya both have a wide range of schizophrenic symptoms. harold's symptoms have lasted for 8 months; tanya's have lasted only 8 weeks. According to DSM5, their diagnoses should be

schizophrenia for Harold, schizophreniform for Tanya

Harold and Tanya both have a wide range of schizophrenic symptoms. Harold's symptoms have lasted for eight months; Tanya's have lasted only eight weeks. According to the DSM-5, their diagnoses should be

schizophrenia for Harold; schizophreniform disorder for Tanya.

which of the following could be described as "short-term" schizophrenia a. undifferentiated schizophrenia b. schizoaffective disorder c. delusional disorder d. schizophreniform disorder

schizophreniform disorder

Virginia exhibits a variety of schizophrenic symptoms including delusions, auditory hallucinations, and formal thought disorder. She has been symptomatic for a little more than a month. Virginia qualifies for a diagnosis of

schizophreniform disorder.

virginia exhibits a variety of schizophrenic symptoms including delusions, auditory hallucinations, and formal thought disorder. she has been symptomatic for a little more than a month. Virginia qualifies for a diagnosis of

schizopphreniform disorder

Schizophrenic disorders seem to be most strongly linked genetically to ________ personality disorder. a. schizoid b. schizotypal c. avoidant d. Both A and B.

schizotypal

Thought and speech oddities comparable to those seen in schizophrenia have been documented in ________ personality disorder.

schizotypal

Thought and speech oddities comparable to those seen in schizophrenia have been documented in ________ personality disorder. a. paranoid b. schizoid c. schizotypal d. borderline

schizotypal

Which of the following personality disorders is most likely to be mistaken for schizophrenia? a. avoidant b. borderline c. schizoid d. schizotypal

schizotypal

Tom tells you that he can make his roommate take out the trash by simply thinking about his roommate doing it. He agrees with you that this could sometimes just be a coincidence, but he seems to truly believe he can sometimes get people to do things just by thinking about it. You find him understandable when he talks, but sometimes hard to follow. His clothes are messy and don't match. Tom tells you not to tell anyone about his power, because he knows that other people don't like him because they are jealous and they would hurt him if they could. The best diagnosis for Tom is: a. borderline personality disorder b. paranoid personality disorder c. schizotypal personality disorder d. schizoid personality disorder

schizotypal personality disorder

Impaired memory and concentration, sluggishness, lack of motor coordination, and brain damage are side effects associated with excessive use of: a. stimulants b. antihistamines c. sedatives d. antidepressants

sedatives

one-on-one psychotherapy for people with schizophrenia

seems to be very effective when combined with medications

efforts at reducing racism as a means of preventing mental illness would be an _______ intervention

selective

Efforts to counterbalance the social factors that entice adolescent binge drinking are examples of

selective interventions

Justine has the ability to speak and knows the language. However, for more than six months she has refused to speak to her teacher of any adult other than her parents. The best diagnosis for Justine is probably

selective mutism

Prozac is a

selective serotonin inhibitor

prozac is a

selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor

Which of the following is a common component of cognitive behavioral treatments for antisocial personality? a. punishment b. relaxation c. self-critical thinking d. response-prevention training

self-critical thinking

hallucinations are

sensory experiences with no basis to reality

Because they were regarded as being different from standard psychiatric syndromes, the personality disorders in DSM-IV were: a. not listed b. categorized as emotional disorders c. separated from mood disorders d. given what is called a "provisional" category

separated from mood disorders

suzanne is takinga benzodiaepine to treat her anxiety. she should be concerned that

she may become physically dependent on the drug

patients in a catatonic stupor

show pronounced motor signs

Patients in a catatonic stupor

show pronounced motor signs.

Adopted children who were high risk for schizophrenia, who were raised in healthy families,

showed lower risk for schizophrenia than those adopted into dysfunctional families - a good environment may protect people with genetic vulnerabilities from developing schizophrenia.

Adopted children who were at high risk for schizophrenia and who were raised in healthy families, ________

showed lower risk for schizophrenia than those adopted into dysfunctional families-a good environment may protect people with genetic vulnerabilities from developing schizophrenia.

The occurrence of withdrawal symptoms: a. indicates that substance abuse has developed b. is necessary for a diagnosis of substance abuse c. is seen when use of any psychoactive substance is terminated d. signals that the body has adjusted to the presence of the drug

signals that the body has adjusted to the presence of the drug

Asperger's disorder is

similar to but less severe than autism

One of the main reasons it is so hard to predict future dangerousness is

situational circumstances play as large a role as an individuals personality traits

which of the following is not listed in the DSM-IV-TR under disorders of infancy, childhood, and adolescence

sleepwalking disorder

at rush general, the inpatient mental ward emplys a program that focuses on modifying behavior of the patients by giving them gold stars for good behavior and ignoring undesirable behavior

social learning

the underlying basis of the insanity effect if

some people who have a mental illness are not able to fully comrehend their behavior, so are not able to form the needed intent for a crime, so shouldn't be punished

example of a person with paranoid schizophrenia

someone who is convinced that her husband is poisoning her food and can hear voices (that others cannot hear) calling her a liar and a thief

A moderating variable is: a. something that makes a person more or less likely to inherit a disorder such as alcoholism b. something that influences the connection between two other variables c. something that causes alcoholics not to have as strong a reaction to alcohol as earlier d. something that causes some alcoholics not to have as much impairment as others

something that influences the connection between two other variables

Studies of the genetics of alcoholism: a. have not provided support for the notion that a susceptibility to alcoholism can be inherited b. are not able to determine if the tendency of alcoholism to "run in families" is a result of environmental or biological factors c. suggest that an inherited altered sensitivity to alcohol might create a vulnerability to alcohol abuse d. have identified the gene that causes alcoholism

suggest that an inherited altered sensitivity to alcohol might create a vulnerability to alcohol abuse

Enlarged brain ventricles

suggest that there has been a loss of brain tissue

enlarged brain ventricles

suggest that there has been a loss of brain tissue

research on the effects of parental depression

suggests that parental psychopathology leads to changes in parenting behavior that has lasting effects on children

whcih of the activities does NIMH perform

support professional training and provide public with intormation on mental health

Which of the following has the best chance of successfully pleading not guilty by reason of insanity?

susie, who has schizo has ben in and out of hospitals her whole life, who triend to break the arm of a romantic rival

What are characteristics of those with paranoid personality disorder?

suspicious and mistrust

The "clusters" of personality disorders found in the DSM-5 are grouped based on: a. similar etiologies b. level of dysfunction c. symptom or feature similarities d. expected prognosis

symptom or feature similarities

"Spice," "K2," and "Blaze" are names for ________________. a. MDMA b. LSD c. synthetic marijuana d. cannabis

synthetic marijuana

systematic desensitizatino

which of the following is true concerning sleepwalking disorder

takes place during non REM sleep

the conventional antipsychotic drugs had a problematic side effect involving abnormal movement

tardive dyskinesia

All of the following are elements of "milieu therapy" EXCEPT

teaching social skills and problem solving

Family-oriented alcohol prevention problems have been developed because

teen views of alcohol typically reflect those of their parents

which of the following would someone with amnestic syndrome not be able to do

tell you who they met 5 minutes ago

damage to the ______ lobes of the brain is most associated with memory loss; damage to the ______ lobes of the brain is most associated with passivity or impulsiveness

temporal; frontal

Studies of family concordance patterns for schizophrenia have found

that the more genetically related you are to someone with schizophrenia, the greater your risk of the disorder

Studies of family concordance patterns for schizophrenia have found

that the more genetically related you are to someone with schizophrenia, the greater your risk of the disorder.

what "border" did the term "borderline" in borderline personality disorder refer to?

the behaviors exhibited by people with borderline personality disorder lie on the continuum between neurotic and psychotic disorders

the use of electroconvulsive therapy can be traced to

the belief that schizophrenia and epilepsy are rarely comorbid disorders

therapy outcome studies depend on rating of the changes seen in clients

the cannot see the client's behavior in a range of settings

The borderline personality differs from histrionic disorder in that: a. impulsive behavior is rare b. a need for others is not exhibited c. comorbid diagnoses are rare d. the central role of sexuality is not present

the central role of sexuality is not present

the borderline personality disorder differs from histrionic disorder in that

the central role of sexuality is not present

to summarize what is known about psychotherapy effectiveness we can say that

the chance of an vverage client benefiting significantly are impressive

in order to make a diagnosis of selective mutism

the child must know the language

Which statement about separation anxiety disorders is accurate

the child with separation anxiety is likely to be immature and lack self-confidence

If schizophrenia were exclusively a genetic disorder,

the concordance rate for monozygotic twins would be 100 percent.

if schizophrenia were exclusively a genetic disorder

the concordance rate for monozygotic twins would be 100%

An example of a moderating influence would be: a. the effect of time on outcome expectancy about alcohol b. a wife enabling her husband to continue drinking by making excuses for him c. a gene that reduces the chances of a person becoming an alcoholic d. the impact of therapy on the divorce and suicide rates of alcoholics

the effect of time on outcome expectancy about alcohol

one criticism of traditional behavioral couple therapy has been

the emphasis on changw

the use of lithium in the US was delayed due to

the fact that could not be patented

based on developmental studies of children who later develop schizophrenia

the first signs are usually seen in the way children move

Based on developmental studies of children who later developed schizophrenia,

the first signs are usually seen in the way children move.

Which of the following is a factor that complicates determining the causes of personality disorders? a. the high likelihood that an individual with one personality disorder may also have another b. the availability of only prospective data c. the wealth of biological data available d. the inability to gather information from the patients themselves, due to the prevalence of memory disorders among those with personality disorders

the high likelihood that an individual with one personality disorder may also have another

One aspect of family environment that has been found to be important in schizophrenia is

the level of expressed emotion

which of the following is an advantage of using Beck's cognitive treatment for depression, as compared to drugs

the likelihood of relapse is decreased

Which of the following makes treatment of dependence on heroin especially challenging? a. the severity of the withdrawal b. the likely involvement of the user in a drug-using subculture c. the lack of a means of minimizing cravings d. the high probability that the user is also dependent on other drugs

the likely involvement of the user in a drug-using subculture

the effects of head trauma on memory suggest that

the process of memory consolidation can be interrupted

early onset Alzheimer's disease differs from the other late-onset form in that

the progression of the disease is more rapid

Observed changes in drinking patterns suggest that in the future: a. the ratio of male to female problem drinkers will increase b. the ratio of male to female problem drinkers will decrease c. the proportion of blacks that are problem drinkers will increase d. the proportion of blacks that are problem drinkers will decrease

the ratio of male to female problem drinkers will decrease

What led to the development of family systems therapy?

the realization that the family environment played a role in whther relapse occurred

community based facilities that provide aftercare are typically run by

the residents themselves

the case of Phineas Gage demonstrates

the role of the brain in determining personality

what was the greatest problem that emerged as classification system for childhood disorders was being developed

the same classification system that had been developed for adults was used for children

which of the following statements about the brain is true

the skull is designed to support as much as two tons of weight

which of the following statement about Alzheimer's disease is true

the specific symptoms vary considerably from patient to patient and from day to day for the same patient

The abstinence violation effect is: a. the relapse rate percentage used in treatment outcome studies of addicts b. the effect that physiologically addicting drugs have in making continued abstinence difficult c. the tendency of an abstainer to relapse completely after a minor transgression d. the Alcoholics Anonymous phrase for relapsing

the tendency of an abstainer to relapse completely after a minor transgression

why are the SSRI's the most commonly used antidepressants today

their side effect are more tolerable than those of first generation antipsychotics

Concerning the causes of alcoholism: a. there are probably several different patterns of causes associated with several different types of alcohol dependence b. there is strong evidence that individuals at risk for alcohol dependence inherit a faulty metabolism. c. most research evidence points to genetic liability as the primary cause of alcohol dependence in men, but not in women d. the causes of alcohol dependence are primarily psychosocial rather than biological in nature

there are probably several different patterns of causes associated with several different types of alcohol dependence

One limitation on the findings of genetic influences on alcoholism is that: a. not enough research has been done using twins b. there are so many cultural differences in the use of alcohol that it blurs the genetic differences c. there have not been enough studies of the majority of children of alcoholics (those who do not become alcoholics) d. there has been too much of a focus on the study of the nonalcoholic children of alcoholics

there have not been enough studies of the majority of children of alcoholics (those who do not become alcoholics)

all of the following are challenges of conducting randomized clinical trials of the effectiveness of therapy except

there is a little variation between differnt types of therapy

what recent changes have altered the types of therapy available

there is an increased need to prove that therapy is effective

an analysis of brief psychodynamic psychotherapy found that

there is great promise in it for borderline personality disorder

research on the impact of matching the clients race and ethnicity with the therapists indicates

there is no solid evidence that outcomes are diminshed when the client and therapist are not matched

The incidence of alcoholism among Muslims and Mormons is low because: a. individuals who practice these religions are likely to live in areas where alcohol is not readily available b. these religions prohibit alcohol consumption c. members of both groups are likely to have inherited an inability to metabolize alcohol properly d. strong family and community bonds protect these populations from all psychological disorders

these religions prohibit alcohol consumption

While there is little research on the different substance abuse prevention programs, what there is on programs such as D.A.R.E. suggests

they are mostly ineffective

which of the following is true about second generation antipsychotics in the treatment of schizophrenia

they are no more effective than first generation antipsychotics

Individuals with delusional disorder differ from those with schizophrenia in that

they behave relatively normally other than the delusions

individuals with delusional disorder differ from those with schizophrenia in that

they behave relatively normally other than the delusions

One disadvantage of early descriptions of schiziophrenia, such as Kraepelin's use of the term "dementia praecox," is that

they did not distinguish between the varying types of schizophrenia that we know about today.

which of the following is a possible explanation for the seeming lack of emotion in autistic children

they have a lack of social understanding

a major advantage of the atypical antipsychotic drugs is that

they have a low risk of movement related side effects

individulas with down syndrome typically show which of the followin characteristics

they have large tongues and short fingers

What are characteristics of those with schizoid personality disorder?

they have little interest in developing social relationships, they are not emotionally expressive, viewed by others as cold and aloof

The advantage of using outside independent observers or pre-post test comparisons to evaluate a client's progress is that

they increase the objectivity ratings over those given by the poeple involved in treatment

Micocephaly and macrocephaly have what in common

they involve alterations in head size and shape

what kind of mistake do most mental health professionals make when assesing dangerousness

they over predict violence

according to the views of Carl Rogers, how should children be raised

they shold be permitted to blossom into the people they are destined to be

what are characteristics of those with schizotypal personality disorder?

they show oddities in their thinking, speech, or behavior -they may have magical thinking or express odd beliefs

to activate the brain's "pleasure centers"; depress brain functioning

Tina has been using cocaine for many months. She decides to stop. She can expect: a. to have no withdrawal symptoms b. to have a strong psychological need for the drug but no withdrawal symptoms c. to have increased heart rate, memory problems, and possibly death d. to have depression, fatigue, disturbed sleep, and increased dreaming

to have depression, fatigue, disturbed sleep, and increased dreaming

Why might opiate antagonists be used in the treatment of alcoholism? a. to minimize withdrawal b. to minimize cravings c. to make alcohol aversive d. to prevent alcohol from acting on the brain's reward system

to minimize cravings

Adoption studies are typically used ________

to separate the effects of nature and nurture

adoption studies are typically used

to separate the effects of nature and nurture

Adoption studies are typically used

to separate the effects of nature and nurture.

What is the goal of school-based drug and alcohol education programs?

to teach children about drugs so that they can make informed choices

Henry used to become intoxicated after six drinks. Now he needs ten or twelve to get the same effect. This is an example of: a. a psychoactive substance abuse disorder b. tolerance c. withdrawal symptoms d. an organic impairment

tolerance

a son of a critical father comes to therapy one data nd with no provocation is extremely hostile in his remarks to the therapist. the therapist might consider that _____ is occurring

transference

drugs that block dopamine receptors are most liekly to be used to

treat psychotic disorder

drugs that block dopamine receptors are most likely to be used to

treat psychotic disorders

what do the medications used to treat mental illnesses do

treat the symptoms of the illness

Today physicians occasionally prescribe amphetamines for which of the following reasons? a. weight gain b. staying awake, such as to drive or study c. treating narcolepsy d. treating depression in children

treating narcolepsy

The first stage in the treatment of any form of substance dependence is: a. group psychotherapy b. treating physical withdrawal symptoms c. the use of Antabuse d. the administration of antidepressants

treating physical withdrawal symptoms

social-skills training for people with schizophrenia

tries to help people gain the skills they need for daily living outside the hospital

Social-skills training for people with schizophrenia

tries to help people gain the skills they need for daily living outside the hospital.

Cognitive-behavioral treatment for people with schizophrenia

tries to help people question their delusions to help reduce their intensity

cognitive-behavioral treatment for people with schizophrenia

tries to help people question their delusions to help reduce their intensity

anxiety disorders of childhood

typically do not lead to problems later in life

Kraeplin used the term "praecox" to convey that schizophrenia typically develops early in life. the actual age of onset of the condition is

typically during mid twenties

Kraepelin used the term "praecox" to convey that schizophrenia typically develops early in life. The actual age of onset of the condition

typically is during the mid-twenties.

Alcohol withdrawal delirium: a. occurs when alcohol and other drugs are used simultaneously b. most commonly occurs in alcoholics who suffer from a mood or personality disorder c. typically lasts from three to six days d. is characterized by dissociative and amnesic symptoms

typically lasts from three to six days

according to psychoanalysts, what is the therapists task when doing drea analysis

unconver the disguised meanings, of the manifest content

ruth experienced a stroke that severly damaged her occipital lobe. We can expect that she has an impairment in her ability to

understand what she sees

psychodynamic interpersonally oriented therapies agree with classical psychoanalysis in the importance of

understanding the present in terms of the past

The use of methadone in the treatment of heroin dependence is comparable to: a. using naltrexone to treat alcoholism b. using Antabuse to treat alcoholism c. using a nicotine patch to aid in smoking cessation d. using antidepressants as an aid to smoking cessation

using a nicotine patch to aid in smoking cessation

an individual diagnosed with schizophreniform disorder

usually exhibits symptoms for at least a month but less than 6 months

The individual diagnosed with schizophreniform disorder

usually exhibits symptoms of schizophrenia that last for at least a month but less than 6 months.

The individual diagnosed with schizophreniform disorder ________

usually exhibits symptoms of schizophrenia that last for at least a month but less than 6 months.

mild brain injuries

usually produce long term, minor problems, particularly in older people

the most promising development in the treatment of Alzheimer's involves

vaccines that might clear away any accumulated plagues

Which of the following is most typical of the interpersonal attitudes and behaviors of someone with borderline personality disorder? a. vacillation between overidealization and bitter disappointment b. excessive trust and dependence on others' opinions c. cruel and callous exploitation of others for personal gain d. repeated manipulation of others to gain attention

vacillation between overidealization and bitter disappointment

which of the following is most typical of the interpersonal attitude and behaviors of someone with borderline personality disorder

vacillation between overidealization and bitter disappointment

Your text describes two commonly recognized psychotic reactions to alcohol. They are: a. alcoholic tolerance and alcoholic withdrawal b. what used to be called "alcohol dependence" and "alcohol withdrawal" c. what used to be called "delirium tremens" and "Korsakoff's psychosis" d. alcohol intoxication and alcohol amnestic disorder

what used to be called "delirium tremens" and "Korsakoff's psychosis"

which is the most typical example of the onset of Alzheimer's

when Yula's dementia became obvious, her family looked back back on her behavior and realized that she had been exhibiting memory deficits

Under what circumstances might the use of medications prior to psychotherapy be essential?

when the patient's symptoms are so severe that they make psychotherapy impossible

a person who has experienced destruction of brain tissue may have widespread or limited behavioral deficits. the outcome depends opon all of the following except

whether the person is male or female

which of the following statements most clearly summarizes our understanding of schizophrenia

while much is known about the causes, there are many unanswered questions

Bill is an alcoholic. His wife, Marge, has a lot of ready excuses she uses to explain to his boss, their friends, and their children to explain his frequent absences. This is an example of: a. how marriages of alcoholics often last a long time b. why treatment needs to include identifying factors that may encourage drinking c. how marriage can increase the risk of alcoholism d. why most alcoholics rate their marriages as successful

why treatment needs to include identifying factors that may encourage drinking

a person with neuropsychological damage

will no usually show manifest signs of psychopathology such as panic attack or delusions

Brendan has been using marijuana daily for more than six years. If he stops using the drug, we may expect a. withdrawal-like symptoms such as nervousness and changes in sleeping and eating b. a period of extreme depression and lethargy, but no physiological symptoms c. a potentially lethal withdrawal phase d. slowed reaction times, increased heart rate, and memory dysfunction

Chapter 9-16

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