Chapter 9-17 Multiple Choice
After Jesus' crucifixion, his followers called him "Christ," meaning A) "the anointed one." B) "the son of God." C) "the enlightened one." D) "the one who sacrifices." E) None of these answers is correct.
A) "the anointed one."
The man who founded the first Indian empire was A) Chandragupta Maurya. B) Chandra Gupta. C) Ashoka Maurya. D) Alexander of Macedon. E) Siddhartha Gautama.
A) Chandragupta Maurya.
The emperor who allowed Christians to practice their faith openly for the first time in the Roman empire was A) Constantine. B) Theodosius. C) St. Augustine. D) Diocletian. E) None of these answers is correct.
A) Constantine.
Which of the following is NOT true with regard to Hinduism? A) It restricted sexual activities. B) It became the most popular religion of classical India. C) It did not have a single founder like Siddhartha Gautama for Buddhism. D) It supported the caste system. E) It included a belief in reincarnation.
A) It restricted sexual activities.
One of the differences between early Buddhism and Mahayana Buddhism was that A) Mahayana theologians invented the notion of the boddhisatva. B) Mahayana theologians revised the Four Noble Truths. C) Mahayana Buddhists did not honor the Buddha as a god. D) Mahayana Buddhists did not embrace the notion of dharma. E) Mahayana Buddhism was dominant in Ceylon.
A) Mahayana theologians invented the notion of the boddhisatva.
The word Islam means A) submission. B) one who has submitted. C) the god. D) Arabia. E) None of these answers is correct.
A) Submission
Which of the following is NOT true with regard to the silk roads? A) The silk roads actually had nothing to do with silk. B) Because of the silk roads, silk garments became popular among wealthy Romans. C) The silk roads linked much of Eurasia and north Africa. D) The silk roads also included sea lanes. E) The silk roads also carried fine spices.
A) The silk roads actually had nothing to do with silk.
Which of the following did NOT contribute to the popularity of Buddhism in post-Han China? A) The threats of epidemic diseases turned the Chinese to Buddhism for personal salvation. B) After the collapse of the Han dynasty, Confucianism lost its dominant position. C) The nomadic peoples who migrated into north China brought their Buddhist faith to the Chinese. D) Missionary efforts by Buddhists attracted many native Chinese followers. E) Buddhism was familiar because many foreign merchants practiced it.
A) The threats of epidemic diseases turned the Chinese to Buddhism for personal salvation.
Among the principles of Jainist ethics, the most important was A) ahimsa. B) kshatriya. C) Jina. D) kama. E) boddhisatva.
A) ahimsa.
Ulama and qadis were important in Islamic society because they A) developed public policies and heard cases in accordance with the Quran and the sharia. B) were learned priests in the roles of magistrates and judges. C) were effective missionaries encouraging the people's obedience and devotion to Allah. D) were part of the military arm of Islam, responsible for its expansion. E) All these answers are correct.
A) developed public policies and heard cases in accordance with the Quran and the sharia.
Which of the following is true with respect to marriage in classical India? A) Child marriage was common. B) Inter-caste marriage was forbidden by law. C) An ideal wife was weak-willed, faithful, and loyal to her husband. D) Sita was the model of the ideal wife. E) All these answers are correct.
E) All these answers are correct.
Which of the following might you have witnessed in classical Greece? A) a woman accusing her husband of abandoning her newborn baby, but the court rejecting her petition B) a woman managing the family shop by herself after her husband's death C) even the homosexual men of the community condemning a woman after her homosexuality was exposed D) a Spartan woman taking up arms to defend the polis E) All these answers are correct.
E) All these answers are correct.
Which of the following was a favorable condition for developing long-distance trade during the classical era? A) Empires ruled vast areas and maintained good social order. B) Under imperial rule many roads and bridges were constructed. C) Central Asia was pacified by the campaigns of Han Wudi. D) The Ptolemies figured out the monsoon system. E) All these answers are correct.
E) All these answers are correct.
Which of the following was done by Caesar after he seized power in 49 B.C.E.? A) He started large-scale building projects. B) He centralized the military under his control. C) He named himself dictator for life. D) He distributed property to the veterans of his armies. E) All these answers are correct.
E) All these answers are correct.
Which of the following was part of Spartan life? A) Boys were taken away from their mothers for military training. B) Young married women did not live with their husbands. C) The helots were servants of the Spartan state. D) Vigorous physical exercise for girls was encouraged, in hopes that they would bear strong children. E) All these answers are correct.
E) All these answers are correct.
Which of the following was true of Sufis? A) They were very effective missionaries. B) They sought an emotional and mystical union with Allah. C) They used emotional sermons and song and dance to encourage devotion. D) They tolerated observances of some non-Islamic customs. E) All these answers are correct.
E) All these answers are correct.
Which of the following statements does NOT apply to Ashoka's support of Buddhism? A) He banned animal sacrifices and hunting. B) He became a vegetarian. C) He built monasteries and stupas and made pilgrimages to Buddhist holy sites. D) He sent Buddhist missionaries to foreign countries. E) He abdicated his throne, abandoned his imperial family, lived in a Buddhist monastery, and finally attained nirvana.
E) He abdicated his throne, abandoned his imperial family, lived in a Buddhist monastery, and finally attained nirvana.
Alexander's troops refused to go any further from home after they reached ________ in 327 B.C.E. A) Egypt B) Bactria C) China D) Mesopotamia E) India
E) India
Which of the following is true of the early caliphs? A) The early caliphs quickly rejected many of Muhammad's teachings. B) The caliph was strictly a political leader, not a religious one. C) The early caliphs were unanimously agreed upon by the umma. D) The early caliphs concentrated on religious doctrine, not expansion. E) None of these answers is correct.
E) None of these answers is correct.
Which of the following actions was NOT taken by the Umayyad caliphs? A) They became more and more lax in their attitudes toward Islamic doctrine. B) They levied a special head tax called jizya on non-Muslims. C) They showed great favor to the Arab military aristocracy. D) They temporarily solved the problem of succession to the caliphate. E) They maintained their simple lifestyle even in the capital of Damascus.
E) They maintained their simple lifestyle even in the capital of Damascus.
By dividing the Roman empire into two administrative districts, Emperor Diocletian attempted to A) establish more effective control of the empire. B) share imperial power with the "barracks emperors." C) give up the east half of the empire to Christians. D) make up for his lack of skill as an administrator. E) None of these answers is correct.
A) establish more effective control of the empire.
In Homer's Iliad and Odyssey, the ancient Greeks were portrayed as A) expert and fearless seafarers. B) professional pirates. C) warriors with human heads and horse bodies. D) rational philosophers. E) drunken homosexuals.
A) expert and fearless seafarers.
Which of the following is true with regard to Minoan and Mycenaean societies? A) Both societies used Linear A. B) Both societies built palaces. C) Both societies were established by Indo-European immigrants. D) Both societies fought in the Trojan War. E) Both were centered on Crete.
B) Both societies built palaces.
Which of the following is NOT true with regard to the sharia? A) It offered detailed guidance on proper behavior in almost every aspect of life. B) It was created by the prophet Muhammad. C) It drew inspiration especially from the Quran. D) It drew inspiration from the hadith. E) It helped to unite the disparate parts of dar al-Islam.
B) It was created by the prophet Muhammad.
Which of the following is NOT true with regard to the Visigoths before they invaded the Roman empire? A) They adopted Roman law. B) They adopted official Roman language and social customs. C) They contributed large numbers of soldiers to the Roman armies. D) They were driven further west by the Huns. E) They converted to Christianity.
B) They adopted official Roman language and social customs.
Mani, the founder of Manichaeism, promoted a syncretic blend of A) Christianity, Buddhism, and Hinduism. B) Zoroastrianism, Christianity, and Buddhism. C) Nestorianism, Daoism, and Buddhism. D) Hinduism, Daoism, and Confucianism. E) Confucianism, Christianity, and Judaism.
B) Zoroastrianism, Christianity, and Buddhism.
Augustus's government was A) a republic disguised as a monarchy. B) a monarchy disguised as a republic. C) an oligarchy disguised as democracy. D) a democracy disguised as an empire. E) an empire disguised as a democracy.
B) a monarchy disguised as a republic.
By "tyrants" the Greeks meant A) oppressive despots with no popular support. B) ambitious politicians who gained power by irregular means. C) extremely popular leaders of poleis. D) democratic rulers of Athens. E) None of these answers is correct.
B) ambitious politicians who gained power by irregular means.
About 55 C.E., Paul of Tarsus traveled from a port in Palestine to Rome in order to A) seek converts. B) appeal his case. C) apply for Roman citizenship. D) seek his fortune. E) None of these answers is correct.
B) appeal his case.
According to the authors of the textbook, Jainism and Buddhism appealed especially to members of lower castes because both religions A) practiced asceticism, which poor people could afford to do. B) did not recognize social distinctions based on caste or jati. C) organized monastic orders that provided the poor with shelters and a meaningful lifestyle as monks. D) appealed to the brahmins. E) All these answers are correct.
B) did not recognize social distinctions based on caste or jati.
The Delian League was created to A) conduct democratic reforms in Athens. B) discourage further Persian invasions. C) maintain peace within the Greek world. D) bring greater wealth to Sparta and its allies. E) All these answers are correct.
B) discourage further Persian invasions.
In classical India, jati A) were economically self-sufficient and politically autonomous. B) had their own courts to control crimes and solve disputes. C) were not much different from guilds of other societies. D) were based on religious affiliation. E) All these answers are correct.
B) had their own courts to control crimes and solve disputes.
Muhammad experienced profound spiritual revelations that led him to believe that A) he was chosen by Allah to create a new religion. B) he was the last prophet of Allah. C) Judaism and Christianity were major offenses to Allah. D) Allah was one of many gods. E) None of these answers is correct.
B) he was the last prophet of Allah.
The principal agent(s) for the spread of Buddhism over the silk roads was/were A) the Buddha himself. B) merchants. C) Indian monks. D) missionaries of the emperor Ashoka. E) mariners.
B) merchants.
According to Plato, Socrates' view of death was that A) death is an eternity of nothingness. B) no evil can happen to a good man either in life or after death. C) all men know life is better than death. D) death is a good thing. E) None of these answers is correct.
B) no evil can happen to a good man either in life or after death.
The Gracchi brothers are known for being A) owners of latifundia. B) reformers. C) powerful generals. D) emperors. E) None of these answers is correct.
B) reformers.
In 139 B.C.E., the Chinese emperor dispatched Zhang Qian to central Asia to A) open the silk roads. B) seek allies against the Xiongnu. C) buy large and strong horses. D) spy on his enemies. E) None of these answers is correct.
B) seek allies against the Xiongnu.
Which of the following would NOT have been on a ship carrying goods in the classical era? A) pepper and cotton from India B) silk from Bactria C) olive oil and wine from Rome D) spices from Southeast Asia E) slaves from Africa
B) silk from Bactria
The rise of private armies directly threatened the existence of the Roman republic. Which of the following men did NOT command private armies? A) Gaius Marius B) the Gracchi brothers C) Lucius Cornelius Sulla D) Julius Caesar E) Mark Antony
B) the Gracchi brothers
The Five Pillars are to Muslims as A) the hadith is to Muslims. B) the Noble Eightfold Path is to Buddhists. C) the four Vedas are to the Aryans. D) the book of Genesis is to Christians. E) None of these answers is correct.
B) the Noble Eightfold Path is to Buddhists.
The Umayyad dynasty was founded by A) the Shia. B) the Sunnis. C) Abu al-Abbas. D) Abu Bakr. E) None of these answers is correct.
B) the Sunnis.
How democratic was the Athenian democracy? Choose the best description. A) Citizenship was open to all residents. B) Slavery was abolished through Solon's reform. C) All male citizens were qualified to join the city councils. D) Men and women could hold political office. E) None of these answers is correct.
C) All male citizens were qualified to join the city councils.
Which of the following was an Athenian political leader? A) Sophocles B) Sappho C) Pericles D) Homer E) Darius
C) Pericles
The freedom and independence of the Greek poleis finally fell under A) Xerxes, by 480 B.C.E. B) Pericles, by 429 B.C.E. C) Philip II, by 338 B.C.E. D) Alexander, by 336 B.C.E. E) Plato, by 400 B.C.E.
C) Philip II, by 338 B.C.E.
Which of the following was NOT conveyed by the author of the Indika? A) Indian ants were as big as foxes and could mine gold from the earth. B) Large Indian armies used elephants as war animals. C) The Indians were suffering from poverty and all kinds of miseries. D) The capital of Pataliputra had 570 towers. E) There were two prominent belief systems that were exempt from taxes.
C) The Indians were suffering from poverty and all kinds of miseries.
With regard to epidemic diseases on the silk roads, which of the following is NOT true? A) The most devastating diseases were smallpox, measles, and bubonic plague. B) The diseases seriously weakened the Han and Roman empires. C) The diseases caused the greatest population loss in India. D) The largest outbreaks occurred in the second and third centuries C.E. E) A Roman emperor died during one of the epidemics.
C) The diseases caused the greatest population loss in India.
St. Cyprian's view of the epidemic of 251 C.E. was that A) it would cause the downfall of the Roman empire. B) Christians would be protected from the ravages of the disease. C) the Jews were responsible for bringing the disease. D) it was a welcome event for servants of God. E) None of these answers is correct.
D) it was a welcome event for servants of God.
The Essenes A) were an early Christian sect. B) were a sect of Mithraism. C) is another term for the Dead Sea scrolls. D) looked for their own savior. E) None of these answers is correct.
D) looked for their own savior.
Your textbook states that "economic development and social change in classical India had profound implications for the established cultural as well as the social order." By this the authors mean that A) social distinctions based on castes and jati were practically out of date. B) asceticism became unnecessary when more and more people became wealthy. C) Aryan rituals and beliefs became more popular. D) new religions emerged to meet the needs of changing times. E) None of these answers is correct.
D) new religions emerged to meet the needs of changing times.
The religious goal of early Buddhism was A) "Turning of the Wheel of the Law." B) the Four Noble Truths. C) the Noble Eightfold Path. D) nirvana. E) reincarnation.
D) nirvana.
During Abbasid times, the Arabs learned from China the technique of making A) fine silk. B) woodblock prints. C) gunpowder and cannons. D) paper. E) All these answers are correct.
D) paper.
Which of the following were NOT attractions of the city of Rome? A) public baths, swimming pools, and gymnasia B) the Pantheon's dome C) statues, monumental arches, temples, and aqueducts D) public beaches on the Mediterranean E) chariot races in the Circus Maximus
D) public beaches on the Mediterranean
Which of the following was NOT one of Plato's ideas? A) the belief that our display of virtue or other qualities in the world was merely an imperfect reflection of the true reality B) the belief that there was another world of ideal qualities called Forms C) the belief that the ideal state was one ruled by a philosophical elite D) the belief that only democracy could make the philosopher-king possible E) the belief that the ideal state would allow people to work at jobs where their talents lie
D) the belief that only democracy could make the philosopher-king possible
Which of the following may have been the most popular religion in the Roman empire prior to Christianity? A) Islam B) the cult of Cybele C) Stoicism D) the cult of Isis E) Judaism
D) the cult of Isis
Which of the following caused the Mauryan empire to decline and collapse? A) financial difficulties caused by maintaining the army and bureaucracy B) peasant rebellions and factional violence among members of the imperial court C) foreign invasion by the White Huns D) too many converts to Jainism refusing to fight wars E) All these answers are correct.
A) financial difficulties caused by maintaining the army and bureaucracy
The Quran A) is the holy book of Islam. B) were priests who watched over the Ka'ba. C) was Muhammad's journey to Yathrib. D) was written by Muhammad. E) were Islamic scholar-bureaucrats.
A) is the holy book of Islam.
Greek philosophy is often characterized as "rational" because A) it was based purely on human reason. B) its reasoning was based purely on experiment. C) it transformed the Greek myths into philosophical speculation. D) it encouraged a personal emotional response to the gods. E) All of the answers are correct.
A) it was based purely on human reason.
The Roman republic was dominated by A) patricians. B) plebeians. C) democratic leaders. D) merchants. E) priests.
A) patricians.
Between the mid-eighth and the late-sixth centuries B.C.E., the Greeks founded more than four hundred colonies along the shores of the Mediterranean and the Black Sea. The driving force behind this movement was primarily A) population pressure. B) an abundance of agricultural land in Greece. C) earthquakes and volcanic eruptions on the Greek peninsula. D) a sense of pride associated with military conquests of other peoples. E) the need to flee from the Persians.
A) population pressure.
Mithraism was especially popular among A) soldiers. B) women. C) slaves. D) the wealthy. E) intellectuals.
A) soldiers.
According to legend, Siddhartha Gautama, the first Buddha, abandoned his family and comfortable life to lead the existence of a holy man because of his concern with A) suffering. B) the souls of everything in the universe. C) the social responsibility associated with his caste. D) his guilt over his behavior in battle. E) his children.
A) suffering.
Under pressure from authorities in Mecca, Muhammad and his followers fled to Medina in 622. Muslims call this move A) the hijra. B) the umma. C) Yathrib. D) the hajj. E) None of these answers is correct.
A) the hijra.
The Peloponnesian War was fought between A) two groups of Greek adversaries under the leadership of Athens and Sparta. B) Thebes and Corinth. C) Anatolian Greeks and peninsular Greeks. D) the Persian empire and Athens. E) None of these answers is correct.
A) two groups of Greek adversaries under the leadership of Athens and Sparta.
Immediately after the dissolution of the Han empire in 220 C.E., China A) was taken over by nomadic peoples. B) became increasingly powerful in trade. C) fell under the domination of the Sui dynasty. D) changed its policy on land distribution. E) None of these answers is correct.
A) was taken over by nomadic peoples.
Which of the following is true with regard to the Indian influence in southeast Asia? A) Rulers called themselves rajas ("kings"). B) Rulers adopted Indian Sanskrit as their written language. C) Rulers appointed Buddhist or Hindu advisors in their governments. D) Rulers built temples in the Indian style. E) All these answers are correct.
E) All these answers are correct.
What happened to the silk roads after the decline of the Han and Roman empires? A) They no longer carried epidemic diseases. B) Activity actually increased along the silk roads. C) There was less activity, but trade revived along the routes in the sixth century C.E. D) The routes were changed to cross easier terrain. E) None of these answers is correct.
C) There was less activity, but trade revived along the routes in the sixth century C.E.
Which of the following does NOT describe Roman slaves? A) They were often chained together to work on latifundia. B) In cities, they were often freed when they reached thirty years of age. C) They had the right to elect their own tribunes. D) Female slaves usually worked as domestic servants. E) Some slaves were highly educated.
C) They had the right to elect their own tribunes.
Which of the following statements is NOT true with regard to the Saljuq Turks? A) They invaded the Byzantine empire and seized much of Anatolia. B) They converted to Islam in the tenth century. C) They usurped the Abbasid caliphate and claimed the title of caliph for themselves. D) They were conquered by the Mongols. E) They were the true source of power of the Abbasids for about two centuries.
C) They usurped the Abbasid caliphate and claimed the title of caliph for themselves.
By the third century C.E., Christian communities in Mesopotamia and Iran deeply influenced Christian practices in the Roman empire through their A) Nestorian beliefs. B) Confucian traditions. C) ascetic values. D) philosophy reflected by St. Augustine. E) All these answers are correct.
C) ascetic values.
Ashoka, the great emperor of the Mauryan empire, A) was the only emperor to extend India beyond the subcontinent. B) wrote a handbook on the principles of government C) converted to Buddhism after his bloody war against Kalinga. D) abdicated his throne and led a life so ascetic that he starved himself to death. E) None of these answers is correct.
C) converted to Buddhism after his bloody war against Kalinga.
The Greek peninsula was A) known for its fertile valleys and copious rainfall. B) especially good for travel and communication. C) ideal for cultivating olives and grapes. D) the homeland of Alexander. E) All these answers are correct.
C) ideal for cultivating olives and grapes.
The White Huns occupied Bactria and prepared to cross the Hindu Kush into India during the fourth and fifth centuries. Their invasions A) were a mere annoyance to the strong Gupta military. B) galvanized local kingdoms to unify themselves for self-defense. C) initially met fierce resistance from the Gupta empire. D) introduced Buddhism to India. E) None of these answers is correct.
C) initially met fierce resistance from the Gupta empire.
In contrast to Persia and China, classical India A) was isolated from the outside world by formidable geographical barriers. B) did not have well-developed religions. C) lacked a strong and continuing imperial tradition. D) was a backward country in terms of economy and culture. E) All these answers are correct.
C) lacked a strong and continuing imperial tradition.
Differing from the Umayyad caliphs, the Abbasid rulers A) were from the Shia sect. B) did not allow the Arabs to play a large role in government. C) paid more attention to administration rather than expansion of the empire. D) moved the capital to Mecca. E) All these answers are correct.
C) paid more attention to administration rather than expansion of the empire.
The society of the Etruscans was ruled by A) city-states. B) a republican government. C) powerful kings. D) two consuls. E) tribunes.
C) powerful kings.
The invading Huns contributed to the fall of the western Roman empire by A) deposing the last emperor of the western Roman empire. B) sacking the city of Rome in 410 C.E. C) pressing the Germanic peoples into the western Roman empire. D) completely disrupting trade along the silk roads. E) attacking Constantinople.
C) pressing the Germanic peoples into the western Roman empire.
The most respected and influential of the Hellenistic philosophers were A) the Aristotelians. B) the Epicureans. C) the Stoics. D) the Platonists. E) the Skeptics.
C) the Stoics.
The Jewish people could not get along well with a number of imperial regimes because A) they declined to pay taxes. B) they did not respect any secular authorities. C) they had difficulty recognizing emperors as divine. D) they were converting to Mithraism. E) All these answers are correct.
C) they had difficulty recognizing emperors as divine.
Which of the following is NOT correct in describing cultural influences on Islam? A) Persian literature deeply influenced Islamic literary works. B) Indian numerals had a profound influence on the development of mathematical thinking among Muslims. C) The caliphs adopted Persian ideas of kingship. D) Greek rational reasoning had a long-lasting influence on the theological development of Islam. E) None of these answers is correct.
D) Greek rational reasoning had a long-lasting influence on the theological development of Islam.
Which of the following was NOT a consequence of Greek colonization? A) It quickened the social development of the peoples living in the western Mediterranean and Black Sea regions. B) It led to direct conflict between the Greeks and the Persians. C) It made Greeks weak and isolated from one another. D) It disrupted trade and commerce. E) It led to a gradual decline in the economy of the Peloponnese.
D) It disrupted trade and commerce.
Which of the following is NOT true with regard to Alexandria of Egypt? A) It had one of the largest libraries in the ancient world. B) It was the commercial center of the Mediterranean. C) It was the cultural capital of the Hellenistic world. D) It was originally a colony of Athens. E) It was the administrative center of the Ptolemaic empire.
D) It was originally a colony of Athens.
According to the ancient legends, the kingdom of Rome was established in 753 B.C.E. by A) Remus. B) a she-wolf. C) Aeneas. D) Romulus. E) None of these answers is correct.
D) Romulus.
During the Punic Wars, the Romans came into bloody conflict with the Carthaginians when the Romans expanded to A) Britain. B) Greece. C) Egypt. D) Sicily. E) Carthage.
D) Sicily.
Who wrote about the corruption of the early Roman empire? A) Juvenal B) Cicero C) Livy D) Tacitus E) None of these answers is correct.
D) Tacitus
Which of the following was NOT a right of Arab women? A) They could legally inherit property and divorce husbands. B) They could engage in business ventures. C) They were equal to men before Allah, not the property of men. D) They could take up to four husbands, just as a man could take up to four wives. E) None of these answers is correct.
D) They could take up to four husbands, just as a man could take up to four wives.
The nature of the society into which the prophet Muhammad was born was A) an urban-based culture with small manufacturing. B) a pastoral society with many camels. C) an agricultural society dominated by warriors. D) a society made up largely of nomads and merchants. E) a society based on maritime trade.
D) a society made up largely of nomads and merchants.
Buddhism gradually lost its popularity in India because A) it did not promise to make life easy for its adherents. B) brahmins, the dominant class of classical India, no longer tolerated Buddhism. C) Buddhist monasteries were abolished in India by royal decree. D) it grew increasingly remote from the population at large. E) All these answers are correct.
D) it grew increasingly remote from the population at large.
The invasions of Darius and Alexander played an important role in Indian politics and history because A) the conquests brought India, Persia, and Mesopotamia together as one country. B) foreign religions began to take root in Indian society. C) the Greeks dominated Indian history for centuries. D) the intrusions destroyed many petty kingdoms and created a political vacuum. E) All these answers are correct.
D) the intrusions destroyed many petty kingdoms and created a political vacuum.
The remarkable growth of early Christianity reflected the new faith's appeal, particularly to A) Roman emperors. B) high-ranking officials and the wealthy elite. C) Roman soldiers and military officers. D) the lower classes, urban populations, and women. E) All these answers are correct.
D) the lower classes, urban populations, and women.
The monsoon winds in the Indian Ocean A) created tremendous difficulty for traders. B) blow regularly from the north in the summer. C) were actually first discovered by the Romans. D) tied southeast Asia, India, Arabia, and east Africa together in a maritime trade route. E) All these answers are correct.
D) tied southeast Asia, India, Arabia, and east Africa together in a maritime trade route.
By Roman law, A) a defendant was assumed innocent until proven guilty. B) defendants had a right to challenge their accusers before a judge. C) the judge enjoyed great discretion in applying laws. D) judges could set aside laws. E) All these answers are correct.
E) All these answers are correct.
Compared with the Mauryan empire, the Gupta empire was A) smaller in size. B) less powerful and stable. C) less centralized. D) longer-lived. E) All these answers are correct.
E) All these answers are correct.
Islamic Spain, known as al-Andalus, was A) controlled by Muslim Berber conquerors. B) not part of the Abbasid empire. C) the source of a failed invasion of France. D) the home of Ibn Rushd (Averroes). E) All these answers are correct.
E) All these answers are correct.
Manichaeism promoted A) a highly ascetic lifestyle. B) a belief in the struggle between the forces of good and evil. C) the possibility of individual salvation. D) a strict moral code of behavior. E) All these answers are correct.
E) All these answers are correct.
The Kushan empire A) originated from nomadic conquerors from central Asia. B) pacified large areas of present-day Pakistan, Afghanistan, and north India. C) peaked under the rule of Kanishka. D) played a crucial role in the silk roads trading network. E) All these answers are correct.
E) All these answers are correct.
The hajj A) is one of the Five Pillars of Islam. B) helped to unite Muslims from disparate parts of the world. C) ends at the Ka'ba in Mecca. D) contributed to the spread of Islamic beliefs and values. E) All these answers are correct.
E) All these answers are correct.
The veiling of women as a social custom was A) not specifically addressed in the Quran. B) practiced long before Muhammad was born. C) adopted from Byzantine and Sasanid societies by Muslims. D) originally practiced by upper-class women. E) All these answers are correct.
E) All these answers are correct.
Which of the following is true of the Roman family? A) It meant an entire household, including slaves, servants, and relatives. B) It included the pater familias, who was the authority. C) Women supervised the domestic affairs. D) Children could be sold into slavery. E) All these answers are correct.
E) All these answers are correct.
Which of the following is true of the early hierarchy of the Christian church? A) Bishops presided over the religious affairs of dioceses. B) The bishop of Rome became known as the pope. C) There were five top religious authorities in the Roman empire. D) The church authorities met in councils to resolve theological disputes. E) All these answers are correct.
E) All these answers are correct.
Which of the following is true of the religions of salvation in Hellenistic society? A) They promised the possibility of eternal bliss. B) The cult of Osiris became one of the most popular. C) Many included the belief in a savior who dies and is resurrected. D) Faith in them spread along the trade routes. E) All these answers are correct.
E) All these answers are correct.