Chapter 9

Subordination conjunctions

Because,if,as through, while, when after

Sentences emphasis

Coordination and parallelism

Periodic sentence

In which the main Idea is placed at the end, closet to period

This example of periodic sentence

On the afternoon of the first day of spring , when the gutters were still heaped high with Mondays snow but the sky itself had been swept clean , we put on our galoshes and walked up the sunny side of Fifth Avenue to Central Park. ( puts the most emphasis possible in the main idea)

Varied Sentences

Paragraph much interesting and readable it's sentences vary in length and structure to clarify the relation among ideas

Unvaried Sentences

Paragraph that is monotonous because of the sameness of the sentence structure and because the ideas are not related to one another in a meaningful way.

Unvaried Sentences

Paragraph written in sentences nearly the same length and pattern

Example of parallelism

Person attempting to find a motive in this narrative will be prosecuted; person attempting to find a moral in it will be banished

Loose sentence

States its main idea at the beginning and then add details in subsequent phrases and clauses

Writer subordinate ideas by introducing

Subordinating conjunctions or relative pronouns

Sentence variety

Subordination,periodic and loose,dramatic short sentences, active and passive voice.

Relatives pronoun

That,which, who, whomever, what

Subordination

The process of giving one idea less emphasis than another in a sentence , is one of the most important characteristics of an effective sentence and a mature prose style;not only deemphasize some ideas but also highlight other that the writer believes are more important

Varied Sentences

Uses sentences of varying length and pattern

The long series of short simple sentences are tedious how can you help to make easer to read

Using coordination, and , but, or, nor,,for ,so and yet that connect phrases and clauses of equal importance

Passive voice

Want to downplay or omit the doer completely

Dramatically Short Sentences

When following a long and involved sentence, short declarative sentence helps drive a point home.

Parallelism

When parts of the sentence are not only coordinated but also grammatically the same, they are parallel; creating a balancing a word with a word , phrase with phrase or clause with clause ( is often found in speeches)

This is example of subordination

When she made her first solo flight across the Atlantic , she was thirty years old

Active voice

When they want to emphasize the doer of an action

Coordination

When writer wants to place equal emphasis on several facts or ideas , one way to do so is give each its own sentence.

A way to achieve emphasis

is to place the most important words, phrases, and clauses at the beginning or end of a sentence; the beginning is the less emphatic part of the sentence and the final is most emphatic part of the sentence

Sentence variety includes

the use of subordination,periodic and loose sentences,dramatically short sentences, active and passive voice, coordination and parallelism

This is example of loose sentence

we put on our galoshes and walked up the sunny side of Fifth Avenue to Central Park when the gutters were still heaped high with Mondays snow but the sky itself had been swept clean ( the main idea still gets emphasis, since it is contained in the main clause at the beginning of the sentence, flows naturally)