Chapter 9

Pylorospasm

Process of shutting the pylorus valve that occurs after consuming large quantities of alcohol

What is the proof designation for a beverage that is 24% alcohol by volume? a. 48 b. 20 c. 24 d. 72

a. 48

To avoid various damaging effects of heavy drinking, what is the maximum number of drinks a woman can have in a period of one week? a. 7 b. 5 c. 14 d. 10

a. 7

Which of the following college students is most likely to drink alcohol? a. David, a white freshman on the hockey team of a state university b. Tracy, an Asian freshman pledging a sorority at an Ivy League school c. Marc, a Black sophomore glee club member at a black college d. Vanessa, an Hispanic junior on the tennis team at a private college

a. David, a white freshman on the hockey team of a state university

Which of the following will cause the user to absorb the most amount of alcohol the fastest? a. a shot of vodka b. a gin and juice c. a bottle of beer d. a glass of wine

a. a shot of vodka

What process gives alcohol cooling properties that can be beneficial to someone with a fever? a. evaporation b. confabulation c. distillation d. decarbonation

a. evaporation

Which term best reflects the scientific link between moderate alcohol intake and reduced risk of heart disease? a. inconclusive b. definitive c. discredited d. preliminary

a. inconclusive

Due to specific drug interactions, a person who drinks alcohol may experience which of the following? a. increased depression b. decreased REM sleep c. decreased anxiety d. increased inflammation

a. increased depression

Early European names given to distilled liquor reflected which concept? a. life b. joy c. miracle d. spirit

a. life

Which term best reflects the therapeutic value of alcohol? a. limited b. outdated c. extensive d. nonexistent

a. limited

Which of the following indicates a pair of related terms? a. saloon—temperance b. tavern—proof c. distillation—beer d. booze—prohibition

a. saloon—temperance

Parker celebrated the basketball team's state championship with his dorm mates, partying all night and getting very drunk. He needs to sober up before his parents arrive for a visit later. What is the best way for Parker to get sober for the visit? a. sleep it off b. go for a run c. eat greasy food d. drink lots of coffee

a. sleep it off

Standard drink

alcohol equivalent in a beverage; equal to 0.5 oz of alcohol

orientation to time

awareness of temporal specification, such as what day of the week it is

At what BAC does a person begin to have trouble speaking? a. 0.15 b. 0.10 c. 0.05 d. 0.30

b. 0.10

To be considered legally drunk in the United States, how many drops of alcohol would be in 1,000 drops of the user's blood? a. 100 b. 8 c. 45 d. 5

b. 8

A person whose BAC is 0.11% but does not feel drunk has developed ________. a. acute functional tolerance b. protracted functional tolerance c. acute dispositional tolerance d. protracted dispositional tolerance

b. protracted functional tolerance

After 20 years of heavy drinking, the homeless man people knew as Big Lenny was found dead in an alley. An autopsy found that he likely died of cirrhosis. What did the medical examiner see to make this determination? a. fat around the kidneys b. scar tissue on the liver c. tangles in the brain stem d. lesions on the pancreas

b. scar tissue on the liver

Which of the following is a symptom of the second phase of alcohol withdrawal syndrome? a. hallucinations b. seizures c. vomiting d. high fever

b. seizures

To achieve a more accurate result, the formula for calculating blood alcohol content for a particular person should be adjusted to reflect which of the following? a. tolerance b. weight c. time d. environment

b. weight

What is the percentage of alcohol in an average glass of red wine? a. 20% b. 8% c. 12% d. 24%

c. 12%

Which of the following concepts makes Valium a useful tool for easing alcohol withdrawal symptoms in a chronic drinker? a. agonist response b. antagonist response c. cross-dependence d. cross-tolerance

c. cross-dependence

Javier prefers going to certain bars after work because they set out free food like chicken wings and nachos. He usually has only a light supper if he goes straight home from work, but for some reason when he's out drinking Javier gets really hungry. What causes Javier to want more food when he drinks? a. body fat oxidation b. blood vessel dilation c. gastric secretion d. corticosteroid release

c. gastric secretion

A patient who is experiencing severe chronic pain from a disease may experience relief when alcohol is injected where? a. at the pain site b. into the bloodstream c. into the nerves d. into the bone marrow

c. into the nerves

The general consensus today is that alcohol use disorder is caused by ________. a. psychological traits b. biological factors c. multiple variables d. social issues

c. multiple variables

From the perspective of U.S. treatment providers, alcohol use disorder is a ________. a. social affliction b. cognitive deficit c. physical disease d. personality disorder

c. physical disease

Any beverage designated as hard liquor was once ________. a. grapes b. malt c. steam d. corn

c. steam

At what blood alcohol content level does a man begin to experience inability to maintain an erection or ejaculate? a. 0.03% b. 0.15% c. 0.07% d. 0.11%

d. 0.11%

A social trend to limit alcohol use in the United States began in the ________. a. 1950s b. 1940s c. 1970s d. 1980s

d. 1980s

What percentage of Americans can be considered heavy drinkers? a. about 12% b. about 2% c. about 19% d. about 6%

d. about 6%

The formula for calculating approximate blood alcohol content is a function of which two variables? a. alcohol type and gender b. beverages and weight c. time and alcohol type d. beverages and time

d. beverages and time

Alcohol's tendency to suppress REM sleep leads to which of the following? a. sleepwalking b. grayouts c. blackouts d. fewer dreams

d. fewer dreams

Dr. Leung is a researcher studying biological causes of alcohol use disorder. Which of the following does his work likely focus on? a. toxins b. enzymes c. glands d. genes

d. genes

Why are 14-year-olds included in the U.S. government's statistics on per capita alcohol consumption? a. to identify at-risk youth b. to meet federal laws c. to improve data analyses d. to reflect actual usage

d. to reflect actual usage

If you were a ranch hand going to an after work "happy hour" at a saloon in Colorado in 1878, what would you likely be drinking? a. cider b. gin c. beer d. whiskey

d. whiskey

Disulfiram

drug that interferes with alcohol metabolism so that people feel ill if they consume alcohol

Monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor

drug used to treat depressions that prevent the activity of a certain enzyme

Confabulation

fabrication of events, when asked questions concerning them, because of an inability to recall

Blackout

failure to recall events that occurred while consuming alcohol despite no loss of consciousness

Neuropsychological test

formal way of measuring behavioral functions that may be impaired by brain lesions

distillation

process by which the heating of a fermented mixture increases its alcohol content

Proof

proportion of alcohol in a beverage, by volume; typically used in reference to brewed spirits

Short-term memory

recollection for recent events

long-term memory

recollection for remote events

rapid eye movement (REM) sleep

stage of rest associated with dream activity

Teratology

study of masters, or distortions in growth

Intoxication

transient state of disruption caused by presence of toxic substance in central nervous system

Social detoxification

treatment of alcohol withdrawal without the use of medicine