Chapter 9, Chapter 10, Chapter 12, Chapter 13

15) ________ power is influence wielded as a result of proficiency, special skill, or knowledge. A) Legitimate B) Reward C) Referent D) Expert E) Coercive

expert

3) Which of the following is a differentiating factor between power and leadership? A) control B) influence C) ability D) goal compatibility E) negative affect

goal of compatibility

83) People with high political skills are able to exert their influence without others detecting it.

True

88) Limited resources is one of the major reasons for the development of organizational politics.

True

89) Transformational leadership has a greater impact on the bottom line in smaller, privately held firms than in more complex organizations

True

39) Which of the following statements is true? A) The impact of sexual harassment is individual, not organizational. B) A clear understanding of the actions that constitute sexual harassment does not exist. C) Today, the rise of overt forms of sexual harassment presents a major concern for organizations. D) Women in positions of power in an organization are free from sexual harassment by male subordinates. E) Curtailing sexual harassment requires higher-order intervention programs as managers cannot be expected to help in this regard.

A clear understanding of the actions that constitute sexual harassment does not exist

1) Which of the following is true with regard to groups? A) A group is characterized by the independence of its members. B) A group typically lacks definite roles and structures. C) A group influences our emotional reactions. D) An informal gathering cannot be considered a group. E) The membership of a group does not affect how its members treat outsiders.

A group influences our emotional reactions

22) Which of the following is true with regard to the five-stage group development model? A) All permanent groups pass through the five stages of this model of group development successively. B) For temporary work teams, the performing stage is the last stage of group development. C) The model assumes that employees are functioning at their most effective level beginning in the first stage. D) A positive social focus may aid a group in reaching the performing stage more rapidly. E) Groups proceed through the stages of group development in similar speed and timelines.

A positive social focus may aid a group in reaching the performing stage more rapidly

57) When ________ is of importance in decision making, group decisions are preferred to individual decisions. A) acceptance of solution B) speed C) efficiency D) clear responsibility E) legitimacy

Acceptance of solution

87) For creating good team players, an organization's reward system must be reworked to encourage competitive efforts rather than cooperative ones.

False

87) Surface-level diversity refers to attitudes, values, and opinions which are different in diverse groups.

False

87) Whistle-blowing is not considered to be a political behavior

False

88) Intellectual stimulation and individualized consideration are likely to be seen in the management by exception (active) style of leadership.

False

88) Problems such as lack of trust or lack of sharing information among team members in a competitive group can be swiftly changed by rewarding collective performance over individual performance.

False

89) Individual decisions are more time consuming than group decisions.

False

63) Jason Jones has been asked to assemble an eight-member self-managed work team of experienced employees to work on a project that combines the functional areas of research, production, marketing, and distribution. Jason is apprehensive about managing a team so large; he knows from prior experience that larger teams do not always result in greater productivity. Jason has also been informed by the management that this team is being established as the project must progress according to the predetermined timeline. The work lagging behind by one division will cause a cumulative delay in all the successive stages of the project's execution. Which of the following measures, if adopted by Jason, would best ensure that the team members are working efficiently? A) implementing a training program to provide the team members with the necessary technical and human relations skills for the project B) discouraging team members from restricting themselves to their own functional areas by experimenting with and learning the jobs done by other members of the team C) instructing the team members to finalize the plan for the project right at the beginning and ensuring that it is implemented without any changes D) assigning the specific tasks of the project to each team member by keeping in mind their preferences and abilities E) implementing a group-based incentive he has planned for this team

Assigning the specific tasks of the project to each team member by keeping in mind their preferences and abilities

50) Which of the following scenarios reflects a transactional approach to leadership? A) Samuel Perez has been running a small automobile service agency with a set of employees that he hired and trained over a decade ago. Though the business is mediocre and profit margins are not substantial, the employees work well as a team because each of them treats the other as equal, just like Samuel himself does. B) Carol Turner began V Care, a non-profit organization, with the purpose of battling various forms of abuse. As the organization grew, she took care to hire employees who felt the same kind of sensitivity she felt for victims of abuse. Today, she openly proclaims that the organization that she started is successful because every single employee shares and understands what the organization is aiming for. C) When new projects come, it is a time of excitement for the content production team of Impact, an advertising agency. Lori Wood, the department head, begins a project meeting by having her whole team envision what the final product of this campaign must aim at. She then sets progressively higher standards for the team and clarifies what each member of the team stands to gain if the project is a success. In allocating roles and tasks, she often incorporates the needs and preferences of her team members. D) Wayne Torres believes that setting targets, monitoring employee performance, and correcting defaulting employees are his tried and tested ways to accomplish tasks. He rewards employees who do well and match his predetermined expectations and recognizes accomplishments that he values. His team, however, has not grown substantially and seems to be at a functional status quo. E) Glenn Cruzz works at Leverage as a senior consultant. She ensures that her team of consultants has a framework of flexible tools and skills to help clients who come their way with diversity and inclusion issues. Through audits, research, and workshops, her team is encouraged to come up with unconventional solutions that help clients establish and leverage its employee diversity.

B) Carol Turner began V Care, a non-profit organization, with the purpose of battling various forms of abuse. As the organization grew, she took care to hire employees who felt the same kind of sensitivity she felt for victims of abuse. Today, she openly proclaims that the organization that she started is successful because every single employee shares and understands what the organization is aiming for.

6) Which of the following is true with regard to the social identity theory? A) It proposes that members take personal pride in accomplishments but dissociate from the group in the event of any offenses or failures. B) It proposes that people have emotional reactions to the failure or success of their group because their self-esteem is tied into the group's performance. C) It proposes that people develop only one social identity in childhood that becomes more defined and concrete in the course of their lives. D) It proposes that social identities can never be detrimental as they have no effect on how members of an ingroup view members of an out-group. E) It proposes that members of an ingroup are viewed as being homogeneous, while members of an out-group are seen as being heterogeneous.

B) It proposes that people have emotional reactions to the failure or success of their group because their self-esteem is tied into the group's performance.

89) The low self-monitor is more sensitive to social cues, exhibits higher levels of social conformity, and is more likely to be skilled in political behavior than the high self-monitor.

False

10) Similarity is a characteristic under the social identity theory that manifests itself in the ________. A) tendency of ingroup members to notice and emphasize identities that reflect how different they are from other groups B) tendency of people who have greater uniformity in values and characteristics to have greater group identification as well C) tendency of people to link themselves to high-status groups in an attempt to define themselves favorably D) tendency of people to use the group as a means of understanding who they are and how they fit into the world E) tendency of ingroup members to prefer and endorse the products, ideas, and aspects of someone else's culture over their own

B) tendency of people who have greater uniformity in values and characteristics to have greater group identification

8) At Milton farms, where a large part of the management comes from the same sociocultural background, many employees of diverse ethical or cultural origins are hired only to ensure legal compliance with laws relating to diversity at the workplace. The company's day-to-day functioning leaves much to be desired in terms of promoting diversity. Recently, the owner's cousin was promoted to the post of a branch manager while three suitable candidates hailing from different cultures were blatantly overlooked. This is an example of ________. A) social loafing B) Ingroup favoritism C)groupthink D) contrast bias E) social exchange

B)in group favoritism

89) Work that creates a common purpose or set of goals must be assigned to individuals, not groups.

False

90) Using teams makes sense when the assignment involves independent tasks

False

91) The only key characteristic we use to determine the trustworthiness of a leader is his or her ability.

False

71) Which of the following statements is true regarding brainstorming? A) Brainstorming encourages criticizing an idea as early as possible. B) Brainstorming overcomes the problem of "production blocking." C) Brainstorming can overcome the pressures for conformity. D) Research consistently shows that a group in a brainstorming session generates more ideas than an individual working alone. E) Brainstorming fails to develop group cohesiveness.

Brainstorming can overcome the pressures for conformity

66) Which of the following differentiates between high self-monitors and low self-monitors? A) High self-monitors are more likely to use defensive impression management techniques, while low self-monitors are more likely to use self-focused impression management techniques. B) High self-monitors are commonly seen in collectivist cultures, while low self-monitors are commonly seen in individualist cultures. C) High self-monitors tend to mold their appearances and behavior to fit each situation, while low self-monitors tend to present images of themselves that are consistent with their personalities. D) High self-monitors prefer to avoid using power and politics at the workplace, while low self-monitors engage in a lot of politicking. E) High self-monitors have an external locus of control as they attribute successes or failures to luck and fate, while low self-monitors have an internal locus of control and believe that they control the outcomes.

C) High self-monitors tend to mold their appearances and behavior to fit each situation, while low self-monitors tend to present images of themselves that are consistent with their personalities.

52) ICE is a non-profit organization that runs awareness campaigns and research programs that provide data to initiate the process of legislative changes on various aspects of the environment like forest cover, nuclear fuel, endangered species and others. The ICE operates through networks of grass-root level researchers who are grouped into flexible project teams whose roles and duties change with each new project. The ICE believes its employees to be like family, and an informal environment pervades its functioning without any compromises being made in the efficiency. Recently, the project manager of the rainwater harvesting pilot project in the suburbs has been informed of two delays in the project. When the third extension request came to him, he looked into the matter by speaking individually with the five team members. Which of the following complaints by the team members, if true, would indicate the presence of social loafing in the team? A) A team member complained that the residents of the suburb in which they were working were uncooperative and did not accept their most cordial requests for helping in data collection. B) Nancy, one of the new team members, reported that she felt the team was not cohesive enough. C) Two of the most experienced employees on the team reported having to shoulder a disproportionate amount of the current workload and asked for an internal transfer. D) The scarcity of funds was one of the major concerns that all the team members mentioned. E) The team members were dissatisfied with the compensation package as they felt they were putting in a lot of work and being paid relatively less.

C) Two of the most experienced employees on the team reported having to shoulder a disproportionate amount of the current workload and asked for an internal transfer.

91) Using a single outcome measure is recommended when designing a performance evaluation system.

False

92) Research consistently shows that a group in a brainstorming session generates more ideas than individuals working alone.

False

30) When the contract with one of their major suppliers was about to expire, the management of Pierre and Collins began seeking tenders from potential vendors. One of the top management executives, Todd Hughes, wanted the contract to go to a vendor he personally knew. In order to do so, he held separate discussions with two key members of the organization wherein he downplayed the potentials of the competing tenders and convinced them to support this offer. At the meeting to finalize a supplier, Todd and his supporters strongly supported the tender of the supplier they had chosen amongst themselves and convinced their CEO to hire this supplier despite the higher price quoted by him. Which of the following power tactics is being used here? A) ingratiation B) legitimacy C) coalition D) pressure E) inspirational appeals

Coalition

3) Which of the following is a desirable feature of leadership? A) one-directional influence from the leader to the follower B) coercive power and authority C) lack of freedom D) passivity of followers E) coexistence of leaders and managers

Coexistence of leaders and mangers

53) ________ refers to the degree to which members are attracted to each other and motivated to stay in the group. A) Assertiveness B) Social dominance C) Authoritativeness D) Cohesiveness 凝聚力 E) Diversity

Cohesiveness

46) Which of the following statements is true regarding the effect that size of the group has on the performance of the group? A) The size of the group does not affect the group's overall behavior. B) Evidence indicates that larger groups are faster at completing tasks than smaller ones. C) Compared to smaller groups, larger groups are better at problem solving. D) If the goal of the group is fact-finding, then smaller groups are more effective than larger groups. E) Evidence indicates that individuals perform better in larger groups than in smaller ones.

Compared to smaller groups, larger groups are better at problem solving

32) When ________, the result is role conflict. 角色冲突 A) compliance with one role aids our performance in another role B) compliance with the group is an attempt to understand who we are and how we fit into the world C) compliance with the group is marked by a tendency to notice and emphasize those aspects of the group that are distinctive D) compliance with one role requirement may make it difficult to comply with another E) compliance with the group is strengthened by members who have similar values and characteristics

Compliance with one role requirement may make it difficult to comply with another

93) The primary gains from mentoring are seen in greater compensation and higher job performance.

False

31) Which of the following pairs of personality dimensions contribute to high team effectiveness? A) introversion and reflexivity B) type A and type B C) reflexivity and submissiveness D) conscientiousness and openness to experience E) perfectionism and rule consciousness

Conscientiousness and openness to experience

52) Cooper Mills is a company that accomplished one of the greatest success stories of our time. The company, which began in the garage of its current CEO, Kyle Cooper, went on to become one of the largest producers of textiles in the country. The company has now diversified successfully into other product lines. A group of researchers is now undertaking a study on Cooper Mills as an organization led by a transformational leader. Which of the following, if true, would most support the conclusion that Kyle Cooper is a transformational leader? A) The management follows Kyle's principle of avoiding risks and conducting business conservatively. B) Cooper Mills' goals tend to be very ambitious and to hold personal value for employees. C) Cooper Mills has a centralized decision-making structure. D) Cooper Mills' performance has held at average levels for the past three years. E) Cooper Mills' compensation plans are designed to reward short-term results.

Cooper Mill's goals tend to be very ambitious and to hold personal value for employees

15) Which of the following teams is more likely to be made up of employees from about the same hierarchical level but different work areas? A) problem-solving B) self-managed work C) cross-functional D) traditional E) departmental

Cross functional

39) Which of the following is true with regard to the impact of diversity on team effectiveness? A) High levels of diversity among team members benefit the group from the stage of forming. B) Race and gender diversity bear the highest positive impact on team performance. C) Leadership has a negligible role to play in diverse teams because the members manage themselves autonomously. D) Elements of diversity are undesirable as they interfere with team processes in the long run. E) Cultural diversity serves as an asset for tasks that call for a variety of viewpoints once the team has worked out its differences.

Cultural diversity serves as an asset for tasks that call for a variety of viewpoints once the team has worked out its differences

65) Joe Sullivan and Mark Holland, members of the top management at EuAir, a European airlines, were preparing for a meeting to discuss strategies to combat the recent rise in fuel prices. Before the meeting began, Joe and Mark were discussing how oil prices significantly impact the health of the world economy. Joe spoke of how higher oil prices since 1999, partly the result of OPEC supply management policies, contributed to the global economic downturn in 2000-2001. Mark agreed but added that the right kind of strategy could help them overcome this challenge, and that they could even use the situation to hike fares and generate additional revenues. Which of the following statements, if true, would denote the occurrence of groupshift in Mark's opinions during the meeting? A) Mark thought that EuAir should suspend some of its less profitable flights in the short run in favor of the routes that have greater demand among consumers. B) Mark proposed that this was an opportunity for EuAir to use its brand name effectively and diversify into other products and services. C) Mark agreed with Joe's opinion that providing the best service possible, even if it meant incurring a loss in the short run, would be the best strategy. D) Mark proposed that the prices be hiked and additional customer service measures be included so costumers have the best experience flying with EuAir. 最后是air E) Mark encouraged the top-management team to consider laying off surplus employees and rightsizing EuAir to enhance its efficiency and lower costs.

D) Mark proposed that the prices be hiked and additional customer service measures be included so costumers have the best experience flying with EuAir.

27) Which of the following represents the major determinants of group development and functioning as depicted by the punctuated-equilibrium model? A) better perspectives and patterns B) group solidarity and collectivist goals C) promotion of diversity D) deadlines and time constraints E) role perception and expectation

Deadlines and time constraints

56) With a deadline approaching, all seven members of Sharon's product development team were working round-the-clock and still the work was not completed in time. After the project was completed, Sharon spoke individually with the members to determine the cause for this delay. Many members complained, saying the work given to them was not in accordance with their roles. Some were unclear about which team member to approach when faced with a problem, and many underestimated the time and effort the project demanded. This team is characterized by ________. A) a clear role allocation for all team members B) dissimilar mental models C) high degree of role clarity D) excessively large team size E) a strong climate of trust

Dissimilar mental models

55) ________ is defined as the extent to which members of a group are similar to, or different from, one another. A) Homogeneity B) Diversity C) Conformity D) Civility E) Universality

Diversity

22) Dora Lee has just completed and scored the LPC questionnaire given to her during an evaluation exercise. She is surprised when she finds out that she described her least preferred co-worker in relatively positive terms because she recalls being particularly annoyed by this difficult co-worker several times in the past. Based on your understanding of Fiedler's model, you explain to Dora that her LPC score makes sense within the model because ________. A) Dora tends to become very dominating when given ambiguous tasks B) Dora is usually much more focused on productivity than on developing relationships C) Dora tends in general to focus on building good relationships with the other employees D) Dora has a spotty work history and has tended to switch jobs every couple of years E) Dora is usually chosen for positions of high responsibility within your organization

Dora tends in general to focus on building good relationships with other employees

19) Which of the following statements is true regarding the norming stage of group development? A) According to the five-stage group development model, this is the second stage in the group development model. B) This stage is characterized by a great deal of uncertainty about the group's purpose, structure, and leadership. C) During this stage, members accept the existence of the group but resist the constraints it imposes on individuality. D) During this stage, the group develops a common set of expectations of what defines correct member behavior

During this stage, the group develops a common set of exceptions of what defines correct member behavior

4) Which of the following differentiates between formal and informal groups? A) The timeline of reference for formal groups is greater than that for informal groups. B) The impact of formal groups on organizational performance is less than that of informal groups. C) Formal groups pursue the goal of social contact, while informal groups have definite organizational goals to attain. D) Formal groups are typically smaller in size when compared to informal groups. E) Formal groups involve clearly defined tasks and roles, while informal groups are neither formally structured nor organizationally determined.

E) Formal groups involve clearly defined tasks and roles, while informal groups are neither formally structured nor organizationally determined.

64) Jason Jones has been asked to assemble an eight-member self-managed work team of experienced employees to work on a project that combines the functional areas of research, production, marketing, and distribution. Jason is apprehensive about managing a team so large; he knows from prior experience that larger teams do not always result in greater productivity. Jason has also been informed by the management that this team is being established as the project must progress according to the predetermined timeline. The work lagging behind by one division will cause a cumulative delay in all the successive stages of the project's execution. Jason plans to implement a group-based incentive that he feels would motivate each of the team members to work efficiently. Which of the following is an assumption made by Jason in implementing this plan? A) Increasing the number of experienced employees in the team will reduce the need for supervision. B) Each employee in the team is motivated to work equally hard to ensure that the group's performance is satisfactory. C) Since the team is comprised of employees who are highly skilled in their respective areas, the output of the group will be of high quality. D) Each employee will work well within the boundaries of their divisional functions, and conflicts will be relatively fewer. E) Each employee will be committed to working within the resources allocated.

Each employee in the team is motivated to work equally hard to ensure that the groups performance is satisfactory

44) Which of the following statements is true with regard to team processes? A) This category comprises variables that relate to how teams should be staffed. B) Effective teams invest time and effort to discuss and agree on a purpose that belongs to them both collectively and individually. C) Once a specific goal is chosen, effective teams resist making any changes in them so as to maintain the momentum of the team. D) Effective teams do not engage in task and relationship conflicts. E) Effective teams begin by selecting the right kind of people to be members of the team.

Effective teams invest time and effort to discuss and agree on a purpose that belongs to them both collectively and individually

21) Which of the following is desirable when a crucial project is delegated to a virtual team? A) encouraging less interaction among members so they completely focus on the project B) avoiding publicity of the team's progress and success in the organization C) promoting a sense of independence over group spirit to encourage competition D) engaging in close monitoring of the work being done by the team throughout the project E) discouraging the sharing of unique information as it benefits some employees unfairly

Engaging in close monitoring of the work being done by the team throughout the project

34) The controller role in a team is responsible for ________. A) initiating creative ideas B) examining details and enforcing rules C) offering insightful analysis of options D) coordinating and integrating group tasks E) providing directions and following up with implementation

Examining details and enforcing rules

72) Teams and traditional departments have the same level of flexibility and responsiveness to external changes.

FALSE

74) Nancy is a part of a group at work that stresses collective goals and performance. Nancy is amazed at how well the members of the team use their skills to benefit themselves and their team members. Whenever a problem arises, the team, as a whole, works to provide reasons and solutions. She enjoys working in this group as there is a lot of positive energy. This group that Nancy is a part of is a work group.

False

75) Ingroup favoritism does not adversely affect people of the out-group.

False

75) Problem-solving teams discuss a problem, generate potential solutions, and implement them successfully.

False

78) During the forming stage of group development, close relationships develop and the group demonstrates cohesiveness

False

78) Expert power is based on identification with a person who has desirable resources or personal traits.

False

79) People from collectivistic countries tend to see power in personalized terms and as a legitimate means of advancing their personal ends, while those in individualistic countries see power in social terms and as a legitimate means of helping others.

False

79) The development of temporary work groups is best understood in terms of the five-stage group development model.

False

80) According to the general dependence postulate, the greater B's dependence on A, the more power B has over A.

False

80) FDS is a government agency which holds its yearly appraisals in December and provides employees with merit-based incentives based on their individual performance ratings. Merit is the only criterion for incentives at FDS and this is likely to have a strong positive impact on group performance

False

81) In the context of the Fiedler contingency model, leader-member relations measures the degree of influence a leader has over power variables such as hiring, firing, discipline, promotions, and salary increases.

False

81) Lower-ability teams are more adaptable to changing situations than high-ability teams.

False

82) A company's dress code policy comes under the performance norms.

False

82) Power tactics that emphasize formal power are personal and inspirational appeals, rational persuasion, and consultation.

False

83) Important groups to which individuals belong or hope to belong are called nominal groups.

False

83) Research has shown that the larger the team, the more effective its performance.

False

84) The leader-member exchange (LMX) theory proposes that the leader implicitly categorizes the follower as belonging to his ingroup or out group after a detailed analysis of his or her performance over a prolonged period of time.

False

85) High-status members of groups are often given less freedom to deviate from norms than are other group members.

False

85) Sexual harassment is more likely to occur when there are small power differentials.

False

85) Social loafing illustrates a process gain from using teams.

False

86) Charismatic leadership is a manifestation of innate traits, and it cannot be learned or enhanced.

False

86) If a group is highly cohesive, then it will be highly productive even with low performance norms.

False

86) Specificity refers to the degree to which a team reflects on and adjusts its master plan when necessary.

False

86) The political behavior required of employees is specified in the job requirements.

False

93) When the production manager at CalTrack was asked to provide reasons for the delay in the last batch of stock to be produced for the month, he clearly stated that this was the result of one of his front-level managers taking two days off and that the fault was not his. The manager is using buffing as a defensive behavior here.

False

94) Self-promotion works well as an impression management technique for interviews as well as performance evaluations.

False

21) Which of the following statements is most likely to be true regarding the performing stage? A) The performing stage is characterized by a great deal of uncertainty about the group's purpose, structure, and leadership. B) During the performing stage, there is conflict over who will control the group. C) The performing stage involves members trying out different behaviors in order to understand which behaviors the group considers acceptable. D) For permanent work groups, performing is the last stage in development. E) During the performing stage, members accept the existence of the group but resist the constraints it imposes on individuality.

For permanent work groups performin is the last stage in developement

3) An informal group is characterized by the ________. A) stipulation of expected behaviors by the organization B) predetermined designation of tasks of members C) pursuit of particular organizational goals D) fulfillment of the need for social contact E) creation of timelines and rationale

Fulfillment of the need for social contact

40) Which of the following statements is true regarding a culturally diverse team? A) Elements of diversity do not interfere with team processes. B) Culturally homogeneous teams have more difficulty learning to work with each other and solving problems than culturally heterogeneous teams. C) Generally, newly formed culturally diverse teams underperform as compared to newly formed culturally homogeneous teams. D) Cultural diversity within a team is not advisable for those tasks that call for a variety of viewpoints. E) Culturally diverse teams are more affected by surface-level diversity than by deep-level diversity.

Generally, newly formed culturally diverse teams underperform as compared to newly formed culturally homogeneous teams

8) The extensive use of work teams benefits organizations by ________. A) generating neutral synergy among all employees of the team B) eliminating the need for mutual accountability for results C) developing the various team member's skills such that they are random and varied D) generating a potential for creating greater outputs without increasing inputs E) ensuring that the mere accumulation of individual efforts is used for group work

Generating a potential for creating greater outputs without increasing inputs

3) Work groups are characterized by ________. A) the emphasis on generating positive synergy B) the goal of sharing information among members C) the mutual and team-based accountability for results D) the need to attain collective performance E) the availability of complementary skill sets

Goal of sharing information among members

2) Which of the following statements is true regarding power? A) A is said to have power over B if B controls something that A desires. B) The greater A's dependence on B, the greater A's power in the relationship. C) If A has the capacity to influence the behavior of B, then A is said to have power over B. D) A can have power over B only if A is B's leader. E) A can have power over B only when A and B have similar goals.

If A has the capacity to influence the behavior of B then A is said to have power over B

70) The work of your group would be better done in teams if the members of the team are ________. A) independent B) autonomous C) individualistic D) interdependent E) reflexive

Interdependent

84) An individual's personal characteristics, like good looks or friendly personality, represent one of the dimensions of the status characteristics theory.

True

33) Which of the following statements is true regarding team composition? A) A team's performance is merely the summation of its individual members' abilities. B) High-ability teams find it hard to adapt to changing situations. C) Agreeableness is the only personality dimension that aids the ability to work in groups. D) In successful teams, members should be selected to ensure all the various roles are filled. E) A high-ability team will function well irrespective of the deficits in the abilities of the leader.

In successful teams members should be selected to ensure all the various roles are filled

14) Which of the following statements is true regarding self-managed work teams? A) Self-managed work teams typically consist of forty to fifty employees. B) Self-managed work teams typically manage conflicts well. C) Members of self-managed work teams typically report lower job satisfaction. D) Self-managed work teams are typically composed of employees from different departments who work independent of each other. E) In the case of self-managed work teams, supervisory positions take on decreased importance.

In the case of self managed work teams, supervisory positions take on decreased importance

56) Which of the following is an advantage of group decision making when compared to individual decision making? A) increased ambiguous responsibility B) increased conformity pressures C) increased diversity of views D) increased dispersion of accountability E) increased pace of decision making

Increased diversity of views

84) Unwanted physical touching is an overt form of sexual harassment.

True

67) A software development firm has witnessed substantial growth and seeks to expand and reorganize its structure to meet the demands from clients in a better manner. HR has been given a clear directive that one of the major criteria for selection of recruits would be the candidate's ability to function as a team player. This is because the company is revamping all its major functions from the traditional departmental model to an arrangement of flexible teams. Joe Sanchez, one of the firm's oldest and most experienced employees, has demonstrated considerable ability in developing the best programs, but he prefers to work alone. The company does not wish to lose resources like Sanchez and others who lack the ability to work in groups, but teamwork is essential to its reorganization. Which of the following strategies will help rectify this problem? A) encouraging the formation of more diverse teams B) informing all employees that ability to work in teams will be a major determinant for promotions and bonuses C) increasing the size of teams so the contribution of people like Joe will not affect team performance overall D) applying merit-based compensation systems instead of gainsharing E) encouraging employees like Joe to work more independently

Informing all employees that ability to work in teams will be a major determinant for promotions and bonuses

7) ________ is defined as the tendency to see members of the group of which we are a part of as better than other people. A) Ingroup homogeneity B) Xenocentrism C) Ingroup favoritism 内团体偏私 D) Black sheep effect E) Hindsight bias

Ingroup favoritism

84) When teams have excess members, cohesiveness and mutual accountability decline.

True

5) Which of the following is true with regard to leadership? A) It maximizes the importance of lateral and upward influence patterns. B) It eliminates the requirement of goal compatibility. C) It stimulates research in the area of tactics of influence. D) It focuses on downward influence on followers. E) It encourages dependence of followers on leaders.

It focuses on downward influence

67) Joe Sullivan and Mark Holland, members of the top management at EuAir, an European airlines, were preparing for a meeting to discuss strategies to combat the recent rise in fuel prices. Before the meeting began, Joe and Mark were discussing how oil prices significantly impact the health of the world economy. Joe spoke of how higher oil prices since 1999, partly the result of OPEC supply management policies, contributed to the global economic downturn in 2000-2001. Mark agreed but added that the right kind of strategy could help them overcome this challenge, and that they could even use the situation to hike fares and generate additional revenues. Which of the following statements, if true, would denote the occurrence of groupshift in Joe's opinions during the meeting? A) Joe proposed that the company should invite price quotes from new suppliers to reduce their dependence on their current fuel suppliers. B) Joe determined that the best strategy would be to slash prices and minimize all fringes that are used for customer service. C) Joe convinced the top management team to decrease the capacity of the flights. D) Joe recommended that the prices for business class fares be increased as they represent a less price-sensitive group of customers. E) Joe claimed that aviation fuel was their second largest expense and this was the time to contemplate obtaining a few futures contracts with suppliers.

Joe determined that the best strategy would be to slash prices and minimize all fringes that are used for customer service

68) Joe Sullivan and Mark Holland, members of the top management at EuAir, a European airline, were preparing for a meeting to discuss strategies to combat the recent rise in fuel prices. Before the meeting began, Joe and Mark were discussing how oil prices significantly impact the health of the world economy. Joe spoke of how higher oil prices since 1999, partly the result of OPEC supply management policies, contributed to the global economic downturn in 2000-2001. Mark agreed but added that the right kind of strategy could help them overcome this challenge, and that they could even use the situation to hike fares and generate additional revenues. Which of the following statements, if true, would weaken the argument that Joe experienced groupshift during the meeting? A) Joe stated that the company should cut expenditures on other areas like marketing and advertising instead of hiking fares to retain their current profit margins. B) Joe stated that hiking prices would lead to losing market share to the low-cost airlines which already controlled half the market. C) Joe stated that precise methods of fuel filling and consumption must be implemented to efficiently use their current supply of fuel. D) Joe suggested adding a fuel surcharge to all tickets for commercial flights with immediate effect. 最短 E) Joe proposed the usage of direct and higher altitude routes that would curtail fuel consumption.

Joe suggested adding fuel surcharge to all tickets for commercial flights with immediate effect

64) Which of the following defensive behaviors involves developing explanations that lessen one's responsibility for a negative outcome and apologizing to demonstrate remorse? A) scapegoating B) misrepresenting C) justifying D) overconforming E) stretching

Justifying

59) Which of the following is an example of a task conflict? A) Will and Hilda have been removed from the team they worked with after they were overheard making derogatory comments about one of their colleague's racial origin. B) Henry and Solomon have been reprimanded by their project lead for spending too much time using the Internet for personal use at work. C) Linda and Dorothy had a disagreement over which of their employees should be assigned to work on a high-priority project. D) Sally and her manager have just had a heated argument because Sally feels she has been overlooked for a promotion that was her rightful due. E) The company head has resigned after longstanding conflict between him and his top management employees.

Linda and dorothy had a disagreement over which of their employees should be assigned to work on a high priority project

20) Virtual teams are characterized by ________ in comparison to teams which interact face-to-face. A) low popularity among companies B) low social rapport and direct interaction C) low sharing of unique information D) low need for supervision E) low need for publicizing throughout the organization

Low social rapport and direct interaction

49) Employees exhibiting which of the following features are more likely to engage in political behavior? A) lack of organizational investment B) external locus of control C) low need for power D) Machiavellian personality E) low self-monitoring

Machiavellian personality

62) Shane Dermott is a manager at a software design firm that develops software programs for clients using multiple teams of specialists. One of his most successful teams has been performing very well for years and so it came as a surprise to Shane when he noticed a sharp drop in the team's performance. He decided to speak with the team members individually and find a solution. After interviewing all 7 team members, he determined that one of the team members performed routine administrative tasks that were hardly visible to any of the other team members and understood that this was a case of social loafing which demotivated the entire group. Which of the following would most likely improve the performance of the employee who was social loafing? A) encouraging him to work more independently B) making him individually responsible for definite and crucial tasks C) empowering him to make decisions autonomously D) providing him with administrative training E) giving him additional assignments to complete

Making him individually responsible for definite and crucial tasks

66) Joe Sullivan and Mark Holland, members of the top management at EuAir, a European airlines, were preparing for a meeting to discuss strategies to combat the recent rise in fuel prices. Before the meeting began, Joe and Mark were discussing how oil prices significantly impact the health of the world economy. Joe spoke of how higher oil prices since 1999, partly the result of OPEC supply management policies, contributed to the global economic downturn in 2000-2001. Mark agreed but added that the right kind of strategy could help them overcome this challenge, and that they could even use the situation to hike fares and generate additional revenues. Which of the following statements, if true, would weaken the argument that Mark experienced groupshift in the meeting? A) Mark argued that implementing a price rise was necessary to recover the costs in operating the flights. B) Mark stated that the company should increase operations but at lower fares so they can regain control over the market share. C) Mark believed that most of their clientele was not price sensitive. D) Mark stated that oil suppliers were going to pressure them even more in the future and the company had to resort to alternatives like bio fuels. E) Mark recommended that the company should establish a fuel hedging contract with its key suppliers to ensure protection from fuel price rises.

Mark stated that the company should increase operations but at lower fares so they can regain control over the market share

18) Carl believes that he is lucky to be working under a manager like Mr. Parker—conscientious, flexible and easy to work with. It was Mr. Parker who helped Carl learn the demands of the job, gave him opportunities to learn from the mistakes he made, and always provided sound advice. Mr. Parker, who has been in the field for over eighteen years, never made Carl feel like a novice and this only increased Carl's personal confidence in his work and his loyalty toward his manager. Carl, who is now doing very well on the job, aims to be a manager like Mr. Parker. From this scenario, which of the following conclusions can be drawn? A) Mr. Parker is an authoritarian manager. B) Carl has a low degree of trust propensity. C) Mr. Parker has a high degree of referent power. D) Mr. Parker engages in a lot of ingratiation. E) Mr. Parker exercises a high degree of coercive power.

Mr Parker has a high degree of referent power

29) In which of the following teams is leadership of most importance to coordinate the efforts of various teams in order to produce a desired outcome? A) technical teams B) self-managed work teams C) problem-solving teams D) management teams E) multiteam systems

Multiteam systems

35) George has been a project leader at NSys for five years. George's job description involves scheduling work for his team, coordinating their work with that of the other departments, and providing feedback. George, who has successfully led this team, believes that it is his task-oriented and directive approach that has helped him in the last five years. Which of the following, if true, would weaken his argument supporting a directive leadership? A) The members of the team are resentful with George's directives relating to work. B) George has seen that employees in his team lack initiative and motivation to work hard. C) The team's workload is expected to rise substantially as the company is growing at an unprecedented rate. D) George's team is organized as a wheel network and depends on his ability to coordinate amongst members of the team and between other departments. E) NSys hires only highly qualified and experienced employees

NSys hires only highly qualified and experienced employees

65) Which of the following will be useful in creating team players? A) technical training B) academic training C) job rotation D) cross-training E) negotiation training

Negotiation training

72) ________ make it impossible for leader behavior to make any difference to follower outcomes. A) Catalysts B) Mentors C) Neutralizers D) Hygiene factors E) Vision and charisma

Neutralizers

2) Which of the following statements regarding leadership is true? A) All managers are leaders. B) Formal rights ensure good leadership. C) Formal appointment is essential in creating leaders. D) All leaders are hierarchically superior to followers. E) Nonsanctioned leadership is as important as formal influence.

Nonsanctioned leadership is as important as formal influence

65) Which of the following is a defensive behavior that is used to avoid change? A) stalling B) scapegoating C) misrepresenting D) stretching E) preventing

Preventing

36) Which of the following terms describes the degree to which members of a work unit share a common demographic attribute, such as age, sex, race, educational level, or length of service? A) social conformity B) organizational value C) organizational demography D) diversity E) organizational multiculturalism

Organizational demography

45) Which of the following statements is true regarding the effect of status on conformity pressure? A) High-status individuals are often given less freedom to deviate from norms than are other group members. B) People in high-status jobs have especially negative reactions to social pressure exerted by people in low-status jobs. C) Lower-status people are better able to resist conformity pressures than their high-status peers. D) Groups exert equal conformity pressure on all individuals regardless of their status. E) Compared to high-status members, low-status members are given a wider range of discretion as long as their activities aren't severely detrimental to group goal achievement.

People in high status jobs have especially negative reactions to social pressure exerted by people in low status jobs

85) Unconventional behavior is one of the key characteristics of a charismatic leader.

True

11) The supervisors of the production division of one of the branches of Georgia Mills have been informed of some irregularities noticed in inventory of raw materials by some trusted subordinates. To get a clearer picture, the supervisors had a quick meeting with the subordinates who reported the matter over lunch. The subordinates recommended rotating the schedule of employees who account for the incoming and used up stock so as to pinpoint the defaulting employee. The supervisors agreed that this was a good strategy but admitted that the matter must be escalated to the production manager before such a change can be implemented. They followed up this meeting with subsequent sessions to evaluate how the change worked. The supervisors and subordinates form a(n) ________ team in this scenario. A) cross-functional B) independent C) problem-solving D) virtual E) self-managed

Problem solving

9) A team consists of employees from the same department who meet for a few hours each week to discuss ways of improving the work environment but they do not have the authority to unilaterally implement any of their suggestions. This is most likely to be a(n) ________ team. A) cross-functional B) virtual C) self-managed work D) problem-solving E) independent

Problem solving

52) Alberto's team is developing a database for the water pollution data of three cities. Before he begins on this intensive project, he wants to improve the team efficacy of his team. Which of the following actions can Alberto take to increase team efficacy before the project starts? A) plan a team outing for the team members B) make sure that his team is not comprised of more than nine people C) spend considerable time evaluating team members and allocating proper roles for each D) provide client's software and database training for all the team members E) create team goals that are very challenging

Provide clients software and database training for all the team members

10) Problem-solving teams can ________. A) implement the recommended changes to resolve a problem B) assume responsibility for the outcomes of a solution they implemented C) provide recommendations after a discussion amongst department members D) resolve problems of different departments in an organization simultaneously E) combine the expertise of employees across different divisions and organizational levels

Provide recommendations after a discussion amongst department members

76) The social identity theory proposes that people use groups to understand who they are and how they fit into the world.

True

76) Unlike power, leadership requires some degree of goal compatibility.

True

87) Transactional leaders guide their followers toward established goals by clarifying role and task requirements.

True

47) A team that has a good plan but is also willing to adjust its master plan and adapt when conditions call for it demonstrates high ________, an important variable in successful team processes. A) goal specificity B) goal congruency C) conformity D) diversity E) reflexivity

Reflexivity

77) A batch of trainees has been assigned a new project, and the team is unsure of the details of the project and how they will pursue its completion as a group with specific tasks and roles. This batch of trainees is in the forming stage of group development.

True

48) While discussing their marketing campaign for a new product, the members of the cross-functional team responsible for Carver Inc. realized that a couple of changes relating to their prior plan would be beneficial. The offer of a franchising that had earlier been brushed off by the company head was discussed thoroughly, and it was decided that it would be implemented on a trial basis initially and on full scale if found to work well. From the information provided, it can be concluded that this cross-functional team has a high degree of ________. A) demography B) reflexivity C) conformity D) diversity E) uncertainty

Reflexivity

60) Which of the following must be avoided if one wants to create and maintain an effective team? A) task conflicts B) reflexivity C) specific goals D) relationship conflicts E) congruent mental models

Relationship conflicts

41) Cultural diversity is an asset for teams where tasks ________. A) require a variety of viewpoints B) are simple and routine C) involve emotional labor D) are highly technical E) required for completing the work are highly independent

Require a variety of viewpoints

51) Which of the following is true with regard to social loafing? A) Social loafing decreases when rewards are added for collective performance of the group. B) Social loafing reflects the drastic rise in employee performance when employees work collectively. C) Social loafing involves the cumulative rise in productivity when teams increase in size. D) Social loafing is a result of the emphasis on individual outcomes over shared outcomes. E) Social loafing is witnessed less in collectivist cultures where people take pride in group performance.

Social loafing is witnessed less in collectivist cultures where people take pride in group performance

31) Most people assume that police officers should behave in a lawful manner, refrain from demonstrating favoritism to any particular group, and do their best to uphold the law. Which of the following terms best represents these beliefs? A) diversity B) similarity C) role expectation D) uncertainty reduction E) dispersion of responsibility

Role expectation

29) Janice Cooper has recently joined a hospital as a part of the internship program prescribed by the nursing school she attends. Janice, who was inspired to take up this profession by the story of Florence Nightingale, has very strong ideals about how she should behave as a nurse. She feels that as a nurse she must be gentle, pleasant, and caring at all times so she can serve her patients well, and she often goes to great lengths as an intern by putting in extra hours at the hospital and so on. The scenario reflects Janice's ________. A) role fuzziness B) role ambiguity C) role conflict D) role perception E) role status

Role perception

61) Which of the following steps can be taken by a manager to minimize groupthink? A) increase the group size B) encourage group leaders to develop a stronger sense of group identity C) prevent all team members from engaging in a critical evaluation of ideas at the beginning D) ask the group members to first focus on the positives of an alternative rather than the negatives E) seek input from employees before the group leader presents his or her opinions

Seek input from employees before the group leader presents his or her opinions

4) The goal of work groups is ________. A) generating positive synergy B) improving collective performance C) inculcating a climate of trust D) sharing relevant information E) enhancing team efficacy

Sharing relevant information

5) Our tendency to take personal pride or offense for the accomplishments of a group we are a part of is the territory of the ________ theory. A) social exchange B) expectancy C) social identity D) reinforcement E) equity

Social Identity

45) ________ illustrates a process loss from using teams. A) Organizational demography B) Role conflict C) Social loafing D) Multitasking E) Profit-sharing

Social Loafing

46) Gerald Murphy is a manager at Wright & Wayner, a publishing house which is a very employee-friendly company. The demarcation between managers and subordinates is flexible and the nature of these reporting relationships is flexible and informal. Gerald recently assigned five of eight of his subordinates to work on a new publication project with a fairly tight deadline because he believed that these efficient employees would function even better with each other's support. A week before the deadline, however, Gerald realized that the group had been shirking work as each of the members thought that the project was not just his or her responsibility. Additionally, under the guise of working together, the team was actually doing their personal work, surfing the Internet, or just socializing. This scenario reflects ________. A) gainsharing B) high process gains C) reflexive goal-setting D) job sharing E) social loafing

Social Loafing

61) When individuals engage in ________, they coast on the group's effort because their particular contributions cannot be identified. A) task conflicts B) gainsharing C) retaliating D) process gains E) social loafing

Social loafing

58) When compared to individual decision making, group decision making has a disadvantage in the area of ________. A) diversity B) creativity C) acceptance of final solutions D) speed E) accuracy

Speed

59) Will Cears works at Mesner Corp. as a middle-level manager. Will recognizes that his firm is plagued by organizational politics. Since he is not good at playing games, he frequently engages in defensive behaviors in order to protect himself and his interests. Will is frustrated because he believes that he has little control over his environment and his environment is uncomfortable to him. He has had some success at establishing a sense of control for himself by appearing to be cooperative and supportive to his colleagues. However, he continues to hold his reservations against politicking and does not engage in it. This is an example of ________ in order to avoid action, blame, or change. A) buffing B) buck passing C) scapegoating D) misrepresenting E) stalling

Stalling

14) Which of the following represents the second stage in the five-stage group development model? A) adjourning B) performing C) storming D) forming E) norming

Storming

88) Group decisions are generally less accurate than the judgments of the most accurate individual in the group.

True

77) Cross-functional teams consist of employees from about the same hierarchical level, but from different work areas, who come together to accomplish a task.

True

77) The coercive power base depends on fear of the negative results from failing to comply.

True

68) Which of the following is true with regard to use of individuals and teams? A) Teams and individuals can be used interchangeably for all kinds of jobs without any significant impact seen on effectiveness. B) Teamwork requires less time and resources when compared to individual work. C) Individuals have increased communication, supervision, and conflict-management demands when compared to teams. D) Individuals are bound by a collective common purpose that is organizationally determined, and this typically reduces their performance. E) Task complexity and requirement of different perspectives must be used as criteria when assigning work to teams over individuals and vice versa.

Task complexity and requirement of different perspectives must be used as criteria when assigning work to teams over individuals and vice versa

58) When teams are performing nonroutine activities, ________ stimulate discussion, promote critical assessment of problems and options, and can lead to better team decisions. A) task conflicts B) disciplinary conflicts C) relationship conflicts D) resource allocation conflicts E) discriminatory conflicts

Task conflicts

11) In the context of the social identity theory, distinctiveness refers to the ________. A) tendency of people who have greater uniformity in values and characteristics to have greater identification as well B) tendency of people to link themselves to high-status groups in an attempt to define themselves favorably C) tendency of people to use the group as a means of understanding who they are and how they fit into the world D) tendency of ingroup members to prefer and endorse the products, ideas, and aspects of someone else's culture over their own E) tendency of ingroup members to notice and emphasize identities that reflect how different they are from other groups

Tendency for ingroup members to notice and emphasize identities that reflect how different they are from other groups

12) Status is a characteristic under the social identity theory that reflects the ________. A) tendency of people to use the group as a means of understanding who they are and how they fit into the world B) tendency of people who have greater uniformity in values and characteristics to have greater identification as well C) tendency of people to link themselves to groups of higher social standing in an attempt to define themselves favorably D) tendency of ingroup members to prefer and endorse the products, ideas, and aspects of someone else's culture over their own E) tendency of ingroup members to notice and emphasize identities that reflect how different they are from other groups

Tendency of people to link themseves to a higher social standing in an attempt to define themselves favorably

44) Which of the following is true with regard to sexual harassment at the workplace? A) An aggressive tone is the most effective for women to make their complaints of sexual harassments known. B) Women in positions of power typically do not perpetrate sexual harassment of their male employees. C) The supervisor-employee dyad best characterizes an equal power relationship that can be used to prevent sexual harassment. D) The best approach to preventing accusations of sexual harassment is to refrain from any behavior that may be taken as harassing. E) Women in positions of power in an organization are typically not sexually harassed by males who occupy less powerful positions.

The best approach to preventing accusations of sexual harassment is to refrain from any be taaken as harassing

37) Which of the following statements is true with regard to the effectiveness of tactics? A) Soft tactics are less effective than hard tactics when used individually. B) The combination of a soft tactic with reasonable persuasion is more effective than a combination of two hard tactics. C) All tactics are equally effective with regard to upward influence. D) Individuals from collectivist cultures are typically more likely to use soft tactics that reflect personal power. E) Individuals from individualistic cultures are typically more likely to use coalition and other hard power tactics.

The combination of a soft tactic with reasonable persuasion is more effective than a combination of two hard tactics

45) Tina Simmons worked as a welder at a shipyard company where she was forced to encounter nude and partially nude pictures posted by her male co-workers in common areas. The men also referred to her using obscene nicknames and made offensive remarks concerning her body. When Tina complained, her supervisor took no corrective action despite having an active sexual harassment policy approved by the EEOC. Tina wished to file a discrimination suit but instead she chose to endure the harassment as she could not risk losing her job. Which of the following, if true, would have strengthened her resolve to file a discrimination suit? A) The colleagues who sexually harassed Tina shared a great rapport with her supervisor. B) Tina had heard of only one prior instance wherein an employee in the company had filed a discrimination suit. C) Tina shared a strained working relationship with her supervisor. D) The company policy prescribed that Tina would face no backlash if she approached the EEOC. E) Tina had few female colleagues at the shipyard where she worked.

The company policy prescribed that tina would face no backlash if she approached the eeoc

49) Hank Murphy was selected to develop an advanced personal communication device with his own self-managed work team. Hank was assured that resource allocation and timelines were flexible for this project provided the work was a cut above that provided by the rest of the employees. As a part of the project guidelines, Hank included the demand that the device being developed by the team should also be marketed exclusively by them without resorting to franchising or cobranding. This was to ensure that customers recognized the product as reflecting the values of their company. Work on this project began with a lot of vigor and once the device was developed, Hank's team implemented their marketing strategy. However, even three months after the product's release, visibility remained low in the market and many reviewers did not consider the device to be much of an innovation. Which of the following statements, if true, would indicate a lack of reflexivity in Hank's self-managed work team? A) Hank's team members developed multiple blueprints of the device, which were thoroughly discussed, improvised, and synthesized into the final plan for the product. B) In the first few weeks of the project, Hank had witnessed a moderate level of conflict between the team members as each one had his own idea about how best to go about this high-priority project. C) The device was later marketed as a part of a national level tie-up with E-store outlets and did remarkably well in its second stint in the market. D) In Hank's team, the members took accountability for the group's performance as a whole and reported their individual progress to him as well. E) Hank's team used e-mail and instant messaging to communicate unique information when some of the team members were not available for face-to-face interactions.

The device was later marketed as a part of a national level tie up with E store outlets and did remarkably well in its second stint in the market

19) Which of the following is true with regard to bases of power? A) Coercive power involves an identification with and imitation of the person in power. B) Legitimate power is used by companies when they hire celebrities to promote their products. C) Expert and referent power are the two major types of formal power. D) The personal sources of power are most effective for increasing employee performance and satisfaction. E) Reward power is the most common and broad type of power seen in operation in organizations.

The personal sources of power are most effective for increasing employee performance and satisfaction

43) Which of the following statements represents a strategy that is desirable for making effective teams? A) Combining people with extremely high and extremely low abilities helps make a balanced team. B) Individuals should ideally have one role in a team as multiple roles reduce their effectiveness and efficiency. C) Diversity should be avoided as diverse teams involve a lot of conflict in day-to-day functioning. D) If a natural work unit is larger, its size must be maintained for the nature of the job requires large teams. E) The preference of individual members to work as a part of groups must be considered when forming teams.

The preference of individual members to work as part of groups must be considered when forming teams

78) Low levels of virtuality in teams result in higher levels of information sharing.

True

79) A climate of trust among team members is a contextual factor relating to team effectiveness.

True

80) Role perception indicates our view of how we are supposed to act in a given situation.

True

21) Joanna Mills has recently been promoted to the position of a project manager at Palmer Inc., a software development firm. As a project manager, she now has the authority to delegate work, provide supervision and feedback, and monitor employee performance. Ever since her promotion, she has been preparing herself to guide her subordinates in different project activities. However, she feels that the employees do not proactively approach her for help. Which of the following, if true, would best explain this situation? A) Joanna has several years of experience in working on software programs. B) The sole criterion for Joanna's promotion was her effectiveness in meeting individual targets. C) Employees identify with Joanna because she successfully rose from the position of a programmer to that of a manager. D) The managers who promoted her believed that her approachable nature would be a key factor in improving team performance. E) The company follows a 360-degree performance evaluation system.

The sole criterion for Joannas promotion was her effectiveness in meeting individual

57) Which of the following is not a common characteristic of an effective team? A) The team has adequate resources. B) The team has effective leadership. C) The team has a climate of trust. D) The team has a performance and evaluation system that reflects team contributions. E) The team is the right size for the task—about 15-20 people.

The team is the right size for the task (15-20)

2) Which of the following is true regarding formal groups? A) They are natural formations that arise in response to the need for social contact. B) They lack clearly defined structures and roles for their members. C) They have negligible impact on employee performance and behavior. D) A group of people who come together to protest against a new law make up a formal group. E) They are marked by stipulated behaviors in pursuit of organizational goals.

They are marked by stipulated behaviors in pursuit of organizational goals

22) Which of the following statements is not true regarding multiteam systems? A) They are used to offset the problems associated with adding more members to an existing team. B) They are collections of two or more independent teams that share a superordinate goal. C) They are effectively teams of teams. D) They are more successful when they have boundary spanners. E) They perform better when lines of communication are restricted.

They perform better when lines of communication are restricted

80) The behavioral theories view leadership as a set of actions that people can be trained in.

True

81) Dale Fisher is the manager of one branch of a retail chain. He often speaks with his customer service attendants about the value they bring to the company and encourages them to continue doing so. He knows that this approach of enhancing the worth of these executives and shaping their aspirations to do well is a more effective approach than using warnings and ultimatums. Dale is using the power tactic of an inspirational appeal here.

True

81) Role expectations at work are often conveyed through the psychological contract

True

82) Conscientiousness and openness to experience are two personality dimensions of the Big Five personality model that predict better performance in teams.

True

82) The situational leadership theory focuses on follower readiness to determine the appropriate leadership behavior.

True

54) Timothy Jenkins had been working for six years at Hartford Mills, a company that takes a strong stand against unionization. Though Timothy's designation was that of a production supervisor, as the company grew, he also took on additional duties like keeping a check on employee safety, ensuring that legal measures are followed, and implementing programs for labor welfare that the company planned. Many believed that Timothy was doing a great job for the company, and so it came as a surprise when Timothy was rumored to face severe disciplinary action, as he was encouraging the workers to join a union. However, he was let off with a mere warning. Which of the following, if true, would explain this paradox? A) The management had recently instituted a formal employee welfare committee. B) Timothy stressed the fact that he was a meticulous worker who always adhered to company policies. C) The management had recently moved from an open shop mechanism to a closed shop mechanism. D) Timothy claimed that he was only looking to ensure greater employee welfare, which was one of the duties the company had assigned to him. E) Timothy argued that allowing unionization had increased the levels of employee satisfaction in one of their rival companies.

Timothy claimed that he was only looking to ensure greater employee welfare which was one of the duties the company had assigned to him

24) Tabby Tolman is a project coordinator at Tristar Solutions. Whenever a new project comes her way, she holds a project meeting and follows it up with repeated meetings to address any concerns the team members may have and to monitor their progress. However, with the peak of the business season arriving, she has been holding just one project initiation meeting for every project to save on time. She has become increasingly worried about the team's progress with no inputs coming from the members, and she has had no time to check with them. With two weeks left to go for a high priority project of a month's duration, she has now begun to see some work coming through and is relieved. This development reflects that the group is at the stage of ________. A) forming B) inertia following the first meeting C) second phase of inertia before the group's last meeting D) storming E) transition following the halfway mark in the timeline

Transition following the halfway mark in the timeline

71) More and more organizations are resorting to teams as they represent a better way to use employee talents.

True

73) The goal of a work group is to share information.

True

76) In self-managed teams, supervisory positions may be eliminated.

True

76) The ability to influence a group toward the achievement of a vision or set of goals can arise outside the formal structure of the organization.

True

90) Amy Jones has to come up with a strategy to regulate the excessive use of the Internet by her employees in such a way that they accept and commit to the solution themselves. It is advisable for her to use group decision making rather than individual decision making in this situation.

True

90) Attempts to integrate ethical and charismatic leadership have led to the advancement of the idea of socialized charismatic leadership.

True

90) The Machiavellian personality is characterized by the will to manipulate and the desire for power.

True

91) Groupthink is a phenomenon that relates to the consensus norms.

True

92) Mentoring provides unfiltered access to the attitudes of lower-ranking employees and can help anticipate potential organizational problems.

True

92) Under the zero-sum approach, any gain one person or group achieves has to come at the expense of another person or group.

True

93) The chief advantage of the nominal group technique is that it permits the group to meet formally but does not restrict independent thinking, as does the interacting group.

True

94) The attribution theory of leadership says leadership is merely an attribution people make about other individuals.

True

95) In countries that are more politically unstable, employees seem to demonstrate greater tolerance of intense political processes in the workplace

True

95) Neutralizers make it impossible for leader behavior to make any difference to follower outcomes.

True

60) ________ is defined as a psychological state that exists when you agree to make yourself vulnerable to another because you have positive expectations about how things are going to turn out. A) Consideration B) Trust C) Support D) Empathy E) Respect

Trust

66) Diane Fielding, owner of the famous Mint chain of restaurants, planned to revamp the whole concept and structure of her outlets. With this purpose in mind, she selected five managers from her existing outlets based on their performance in relation to targets, experience, and motivation. Each manager was asked to take up an aspect of the restaurant's functioning like menu, décor, and customer service measures. Diane was sure that this group of high performers possessed a clear understanding of the ground realities, which made them the best candidates to contemplate and implement the required changes. In order to reward them, she announced a hefty bonus for their collective performance. Six months later, after the changes were implemented, Diane realized that the group had made many questionable decisions, which were resulting in problems. Which of the following, if true, would best explain this outcome? A) The team members had skills that were complementary to each other and added value to the project. B) The team members had high levels of affective commitment to their jobs as Diane was a good leader. C) Typically, these managers viewed each other as competition as Diane only rewarded the highest earning outlet with incentives. D) Two of the branches of Mint were located in the suburbs, while the other three outlets were located in busy areas and witnessed more customers. E) The team members were clear about their duties, and role ambiguity was minimal.

Typically, these managers viewed each other as competition as Diane only rewarded the highest earning outlet with incentives

19) Which of the following types of teams allows for collaboration between team members who are physically dispersed? A) problem-solving teams B) self-managed work teams C) task teams D) virtual teams 虚拟团队 E) command teams

Virtual teams

54) Which of the following statements is true regarding the effect of group cohesiveness and performance norms on group productivity? A) When cohesiveness is low and performance norms are also low, productivity will be high. B) The productivity of the group is affected by the performance norms but not by the cohesiveness of the group. C) If cohesiveness is high and performance norms are low, productivity will be high. D) If cohesiveness is low and performance norms are high, productivity will be low. E) When both cohesiveness and performance norms are high, productivity will be high.

When both cohesiveness and performance norms are high productivity will high

42) Which of the following statements is true regarding size of teams? A) The most effective teams have twelve to fifteen members. B) When teams have excess members, cohesiveness declines. C) As team size increases, social loafing decreases. D) When teams have excess members, mutual accountability increases. E) Members of large teams coordinate work better when pressed for time.

When teams have excess members cohesiveness declines

42) Which of the following is true with regard to deviant workplace behavior? A) It is involuntary in nature. B) Widespread deviant workplace behavior depends on the accepted norms of the group. C) It has a negligible adverse impact on organization as it is accepted by some employees. D) Research on deviance at the workplace has shown that employees operating individually engage in more deviant behaviors than those who function as a part of groups. E) Leaving work early is an example of a property-related deviant workplace behavior.

Widespread deviant workplace behavior depends on the accepted norms of the group

20) Will Paten is the manager of a team of twelve people in the marketing division of Palmer Inc. Will, who has been working in the company for eleven years, is held in high regard and liked by all his colleagues and subordinates. However, Aaron and Abby, two of his subordinates, are noted for frequently flouting his rules and directives. They continue behaving in this manner even after Will had categorically requested them to refrain from upsetting the momentum of the team. Which of the following, if true, would best explain Aaron and Abby's continued noncompliance with Will's requests? A) The promotions and bonuses of the team members depend heavily on Will's performance ratings. B) The company had provided Will with additional duties, and he was left with little time to ensure that his team members performed well. C) Will believes that since the job demands in marketing are ambiguous and ever-changing, a supportive approach to leadership would suffice. D) Will is uncomfortable exercising coercive measures to control employees. E) Will is considered an expert at analyzing market trends and making accurate projections about demand and revenue.

Will is uncomfortable exercising coercive measures to control employees

2) Which of the following statements best defines a work group? A) A work group performs at a level greater than the sum of its inputs from individual members. B) A work group interacts primarily to share information, rather than to engage in work that requires joint effort. C) A work group consists of members who work together and generate positive synergy through coordinated effort. D) A work group consists of members having complementary skills that are applied in a coordinated fashion to the task at hand. E) A work group involves individual and mutual accountability regarding results and outcomes.

Work group interacts primarily to share information rather than to engage in work that requires joint effort

5) Which of the following statements is true regarding a work team? A) Work teams are rarely used in organizations today. B) Work teams are generally less flexible than traditional departments. C) Work teams generate positive synergy through coordinated effort. D) Work teams are less responsive to changes in the internal and external environment of the company. E) Work teams involve members of random and varied skill sets.

Work teams generate positive synergy through coordinated effort

21) The least preferred co-worker (LPC) questionnaire is used to measure whether ________. A) the followers are able and willing B) a leader is task- or relationship-oriented C) the members are in the ingroup or out-group D) employees prefer servant leadership over situational leadership E) the leader is high on the dimension of conscientiousness

a leader is a task or relationship oriented

10) In the context of behavioral dimensions of leadership identified in the Ohio State Studies, initiating structure refers to the extent to which ________. A) a person's job relationships are characterized by mutual trust, respect for employees' ideas, and regard for their feelings B) a leader engages in participative management C) a leader is accepting of and respects individual differences among various team members D) a leader is likely to define and organize his or her role and those of employees in the search for goal attainment E) a leader initiates efforts to communicate personally with employees

a leader is likely to define and organize his or her and those of employees in the search for goal attainment

62) Which of the following dimensions of trust is defined as an individual's technical and interpersonal knowledge and skills? A) integrity B) ability C) propensity D) reflexivity E) complexity

ability

44) According to status characteristics theory, which of the following factors does not determine status? A) control over the resources needed by the group B) contribution to goals C) ability to conform to group norms 只遵守 不牛逼 D) personality E) talent

ability to conform to group norms

38) For a person to be recognized as having a high degree of political skill, he or she must have the ________. A) ability to recognize that power in an organization does not translate into success B) ability to submit to the demands made by others at all times C) ability to influence others to enhance their own objectives D) ability to respect and consider the needs of others first E) ability to make sacrifices for the betterment of others

ability to influence others to enhance their own objectives

66) According to the attribution theory of leadership, leadership is characterized by ________. A) the significant gains made in the mentoring relationship between the leader and follower B) the act of people ascribing qualities like intelligence or charisma to leaders C) the focus on the actual accomplishments and performance of the leader D) the impact of substitutes and neutralizers in enhancing the role of the leader E) the division of the group into ingroup and out-group members based on the leader's preference

act of people ascribing qualities like intelligence or charisma to leaders

27) Jean Wills, a trainer with Leverage Inc., is infuriated because the conference hall that she had booked for her morning session with a new batch of trainees will be occupied by the HR team for the day. Jean feels that the company only superficially commits to training and that it is not a priority as this lack of facilities for training is a recurring phenomenon. Recently, she had asked the HR department to supply printed copies of her material for the orientation and training modules to the new trainees, and HR refused, saying the soft copies available on the systems would suffice. Which of the following contextual areas is the source of problem between the training department and the HR department in this scenario? A) performance evaluation B) reward systems C) adequate resources D) leadership E) structure

adequate resources

53) Which of the following organizational factors encourages political behavior? A) using objective criteria in the appraisal B) using multiple outcomes to measure performance C) allowing significant time to pass between the time of an action and its appraisal D) avoiding the zero-sum approach for resource allocation E) ensuring role clarity

allowing significant time to pass between the time of an action and its appraisal

23) Fiedler's contingency leadership model assumes that ________. A) an individual's leadership style is essentially fixed B) an individual is constantly striving to develop a more productive style C) an individual's leadership is primarily determined by the features of the followers D) an individual's leadership style can be altered much like his or her personality traits E) an individual's leadership style must be task oriented to be effective

an individuals leadership style is essentially fixed

69) Which of the following impression management techniques involves an individual admitting responsibility for an undesirable event and simultaneously seeking to get a pardon for the action? A) flattery B) favors C) apologies D) misrepresentation E) exemplification

apologies

45) According to evidence, what is the first step a charismatic leader takes to influence followers? A) developing a formal vision statement B) engaging in emotion-inducing and often unconventional behavior C) setting an example for followers through actions and words D) articulating an appealing vision E) communicating high performance expectations

articulating an appealing vision

68) The president of a small Asian country was hailed as a visionary and a genius when the nation's economy burgeoned during his first term in office. However, when the currency and the stock markets crashed during his government's second term, he was censured as arrogant, elitist, and shortsighted. Which of the following theoretical approaches is reflected here? A) trait theories B) behavioral theories C) path-goal theory D) servant leadership perspective E) attribution theory

attribution theory

70) Like many other marketing strategy specialists, Mark Fritz relies heavily on creativity and originality. Members of his team are selected on the basis of their ability to think divergently, and Mark often conducts activities to ensure that this ability is developed. For instance, before any new project, Mark invites his team to sit together and churn out possible ideas about the new product, its theme, and ways in which it can be projected best in the market. These sessions usually provide him with a bank of potential ideas from which the team selects some strong concepts and develops them into a campaign. To encourage freedom in these sessions, Mark has a no-evaluation policy. This is an example of ________. A) ingroup favoritism B) groupshift C) brainstorming D) groupthink E) social loafing

brainstorming

61) Which of the following defensive behaviors involves rigorously documenting activity to project an image of competence and thoroughness? A) buffing B) justifying C) scapegoating D) stretching E) overconforming

buffing

53) Transformational leaders enhance performance of employees by ________. A) restricting creativity among employees B) focusing on short-term goals for employees C) building consensus among employees D) establishing goals, roles, and requirements E) abdicating all responsibility to employees

building consensus among employees

44) Which theory of leadership proposes that followers attribute heroic or extraordinary leadership abilities when they observe certain behaviors? A) situational leadership theory B) path-goal leadership theory C) transactional leadership theory D) behavioral leadership theory E) charismatic leadership theory

charismatic leadership theory

55) Managers facing job candidates who lack team skills should do all of the following except ________. A) avoid hiring the job candidate B) hire the candidate, but assign them to tasks where teamwork is not important C) provide the candidate with the type of training that can help improve his or her ability to be a successful member of a team D) choose the individual with the best technical skills regardless of his or her ability to perform as a member of a team E) bring the candidate on board, but assign the individual to an area where teamwork is not a priority

choose the individual with the best technical skills regardless of his or her ability to perform as a member of a team

24) With reference to the team effectiveness model, which of the following is one of the key components of an effective team, included under the category of contextual factors? A) team efficacy B) climate of trust C) common purpose D) social loafing E) specific goals

climate of trust

28) Araceli is a team member in a large corporation. She never speaks in team meetings because she has seen members talk behind each other's backs after the meetings. Members are constantly monitoring the other members' work and looking for mistakes to point out in a meeting. According to the information provided, which contextual factor is lacking in Araceli's team? A) adequate resources B) climate of trust C) team structure D) performance evaluations E) leadership

climate of trust

34) Which of the following power tactics can be used most effectively for exerting lateral influence? A) legitimacy B) inspirational appeal C) coalition D) ingratiation E) pressure

coalition

36) Which of the following power tactics would be considered a hard tactic? A) rational persuasion B) inspirational appeals C) personal appeals D) coalition E) consultation

coalition

8) ________ power is based on the fear of the negative results from failing to comply. A) Legitimate B) Coercive C) Punitive D) Referent E) Abusive

coercive

9) In the last one week, May and Phyllis have been putting in extra hours at work so that the project assigned to them by their manager is completed well within time. Though the manager was due to assign two more people to this project, he had not done so. As a result, May and Phyllis, who were having to do double their routine workload, went and complained to the division manager. May was promptly suspended from work for complaining about her immediate supervisor. This represents the operation of ________ power. A) reward B) legitimate C) coercive D) expert E) referent

coercive

22) Which of the following types of power is most likely to be negatively related to employee satisfaction and commitment? A) expert power B) reward power C) legitimate power D) coercive power E) referent power

coercive power

32) According to the situational leadership theory, a follower with the desired ability and willingness is likely to be ________. A) lacking in the area of motivation B) deficient in the specific skills required C) comfortable in his ability to do the job well D) highly skilled in relevant areas but low on experience E) in need of leadership that is highly task oriented

comfortable in his ability to do the job well

23) Which of the following is not one of the key components of effective teams? A) team efficacy B) company reputation C) adequate resources D) member flexibility E) leadership and structure

company reputation

38) ________ refers to the adjustment of one's behavior to align with the norms of the group. A) Deviance B) Conflict C) Divergence D) Conformity 从众 E) Appearance

conformity

70) Which of the following impression management techniques uses ingratiation? A) flattery B) exemplification C) enhancement D) conformity E) apologies

conformity

71) Recently, Curtis Gibson had an interview for the position of a senior manager at a transit service. At the interview, the interviewer made a passing remark about how policies can make or break the best economy in the world. Immediately, Curtis launched into a discussion of how true the interviewer was, substantiating his claim with stories from real economies around the world. Similarly, when the interviewer suggested that Curtis work the earlier shift because, if selected, he would have to commute a significant bit to reach work, Curtis vehemently agreed, saying, "You couldn't be more right." Which of the following impression management techniques is Curtis using? A) favors B) exemplification C) enhancement D) self-promotion E) conformity

conformity

32) People scoring high on ________ are valuable in teams because they're good at backing up fellow team members and at sensing when their support is truly needed. A) conscientiousness B) positivity C) emotional stability D) agreeableness E) openness to experience

conscientiousness

12) In the context of behavioral dimensions of leadership identified in the Ohio State Studies, ________ is the extent to which a person's job relationships are characterized by mutual trust, respect for employees' ideas, and regard for their feelings. A) consideration B) transaction C) authentication D) task orientation E) identification

consideration

25) Which of the following power tactics involves increasing the target's support by involving him or her in decision making? A) legitimacy B) rational persuasion C) consultation D) ingratiation E) pressure

consultation

31) Which of the following power tactics is more effective when the audience is highly interested in the outcomes of a decision process? A) ingratiation B) consultation C) personal appeals D) exchange E) pressure

consultation

75) Lionel Tucker has been asked to lead a virtual team on a project with a tight time schedule. While allocating the project to him, his manager impressed upon him the need to complete this project successfully and in time so that this client gains enough confidence to use their services in the future. Lionel and his team communicate via e-mail as the team members are located at geographically dispersed locations. They have not had even one face-to-face meeting as yet. In this case, Lionel must have an ability to ________ in addition to all the other desirable abilities of a leader to lead the team successfully. A) generate charisma to inspire the team B) abdicate all responsibility to the members of the team C) micromanage his team members till project completion D) avoid making any decisions for the team E) convey support and trust through electronic means

convey support and trust through electronic means

16) To retain its edge in the organic health food market, Natura has established a high-priority team comprised of senior executives from the company's production, marketing, and research divisions. These employees work together closely to study consumer attitudes about organic health foods and come up with a closely monitored development and marketing strategy for new products. This ensures that each division is informed of the specific needs, timelines, and expected outcomes of the strategy. It also makes Natura a company that adapts to changes in market trends swiftly. The team Natura uses here is of the ________ type. A) problem-solving B) self-managed work C) cross-functional D) traditional E) departmental

cross functional

17) GoAir, a low-cost airline, has created a team made up of employees from production, planning, quality control, tooling, design engineering, and information systems to automate the company's C-17 program. This team is most likely to be an example of a ________ team. A) command B) cross-functional C) self-managed work D) problem-solving E) task

cross functional

18) Which of the following statements is true regarding a cross-functional team? A) A cross-functional team is made up of employees from different hierarchical levels. B) A cross-functional team is made up of employees from the same department. C) Cross-functional teams have decreased in popularity in the last few decades. D) In the case of a cross-functional team, the early stages of development are typically very short. E) Cross-functional teams are used for developing new ideas and coordinating complex projects.

cross functional teams are used for developing new ideas and coordinating complex projects

73) In the last month, Stacey, an intelligent and astute employee, has finished only half the work she was scheduled to complete. In addition, she has been taking frequent leaves, citing her ill health as the reason, but her manager suspects she has been playing truant. When the manager confronted her about her pending work, Stacey gave excuses: the work was time-consuming, she was unwell, and it was not a high-priority project in the first place. In this scenario, Stacey is using a(n) ________ impression management technique. A) self-focused B) assertive C) aggressive D) defensive

defensive

58) Reactive and protective behaviors designed to avoid action, blame, or change are termed ________. A) repressive behaviors B) defensive behaviors C) submissive behaviors D) impression management behaviors E) proactive behaviors

defensive behaviors

1) Power is a function of ________. A) goal congruency B) realization C) inheritance D) dependence E) altruism

dependence

23) Levin and Co. is a group of oil refineries that has been in the news recently. The company had to stop production for over two weeks because their key supplier refused to sell them crude oil at the old prices. Even after rounds of negotiations, the supplier refused to give in to the demands of Levin and Co., and finally, the company had to acquire the raw material from the same supplier because alternative suppliers, though abundant, could not provide the quantities the company demanded at such short notice. This shows the role of ________ in increasing the power one enjoys. A) alternatives B) dependence C) abundance D) substitutability E) exchange

dependence

41) Which of the following terms best represents voluntary actions that violate significant organizational norms and, in doing so, threaten the well-being of the organization or its members? A) undue hardship B) deviant workplace behavior C) antidiscrimination and retaliation D) progressive discipline E) wrongful termination

deviant workplace behavior

31) According to the situational leadership theory, if employees are unwilling and unable, the appropriate leadership style in this situation would be ________. A) participative B) democratic C) person-oriented D) directive E) supportive

directive

49) Which of the following is a contributing factor with regard to social loafing? A) difficult task assignments B) high collective efficacy C) severe time constraints D) dispersion of responsibility E) heavy workload

dispersion of responsibility

30) According to the situational leadership theory, if followers are unable and willing to do a task, then a leader needs to ________. A) follow a supportive style B) engage in participative leadership C) refrain from providing too many inputs D) display high task and relationship orientation E) demonstrate high task and low relationship orientation

display high task and relationship orientation

41) According to the LMX theory, a leader implicitly categorizes followers as "in" or "out" ________. A) after careful performance analysis B) on a temporary basis C) early in the interaction D) because of political pressure E) only after several months of working together

early in the interaction

7) Trait theories most accurately predict ________. A) distinguishing features of an effective leader B) differences between an effective and an ineffective leader C) success of a leader D) roles to be played by the leader E) emergence of a leader

emergence of a leader

6) Emotional intelligence (EI) is critical to effective leadership because one of its core components is ________, which reflects the consideration that leaders must be able to express. A) conscientiousness B) empathy C) optimism D) introversion E) perfectionism

empathy

14) The two dimensions of leadership behavior identified in the University of Michigan studies are ________. A) absolute leadership and contingency leadership B) transformational leaders and authentic leaders C) employee-oriented leaders and production-oriented leaders D) initiating structure and consideration E) initiation and completion

employee orientated leaders and production oriented leaders

15) The University of Michigan studies define a(n) ________ leader as one who takes a personal interest in the needs of his or her subordinates. A) contingency B) task-oriented C) employee-oriented D) production-oriented E) structure initiating

employee oriented

18) Maurice Harper is a friendly and warm manager who starts her day at work by personally greeting her colleagues and subordinates. Maurice is often seen listening sincerely to employees' concerns and problems. She takes the initiative to hold programs to renew and improve the skills of current employees. Most of her employees know that she is accessible for help and information at all times. Maurice is a(n) ________ leader. A) achievement-oriented B) transaction-oriented C) employee-oriented D) production-oriented E) task-oriented

employee oriented

35) The adviser role in a team is responsible for ________. A) providing structure B) fighting external battles C) offering insightful analysis of options D) coordinating and integrating group tasks E) encouraging the search for more information

encouraging the search for more information

68) Which of the following is a self-focused impression management technique? A) flattery B) enhancement C) apologies D) excuses E) conformity

enhancement

50) Which of the following is an effective means of countering social loafing? A) increasing the rewards the group is given if it succeeds B) increasing the amount by which the group's progress is monitored C) ensuring that individual contributions to the group's outcome are identified D) increasing the size of the group E) increasing the group's workload 四个increase 一个ensuring

ensuring that individual contributions to the group's outcome are identified

29) Mike Ford is a senior accountant at Coleman and Co., which is a financial management company. Mike has wanted to be on the board of representatives of his company for a long time, but the company stipulates a minimum number of years an employee must work at the organization before he or she makes it to the board. Mike is unwilling to work two more years to reach that stipulated experience and so he found a way to transgress this rule. He met up with one of the existing board members who was having problems accounting for allocated funds that went missing and offered to settle that for him in his department provided he nominate Mike to the board. Which of the following power tactics is being used here? A) ingratiation B) legitimacy C) inspirational appeals D) pressure E) exchange

exchange

72) Winston Mayer is a sales manager for a large company producing beverages and ready-to-eat meals. Winston is often seen working late and on weekends although the company stipulates a five-day workweek. Winston justifies his working extra by claiming that "in sales, one cannot afford to waste a minute" and he is often condescending when subordinates take their allotted time off. He frequently speaks to his manager about the deals he finalizes when he is working beyond the normal working hours to prove his point. From the information provided, we can say that Winston is using ________ as an impression management technique here. A) flattery B) exemplification C) favors D) apologies E) conformity

exemplification

30) Role ________ is defined as the way others believe you should act in a given context. A) fuzziness B) expectation C) conflict D) perception E) enhancement

expectation

16) At the PR firm where Gerald works, everyone considers him to be very good with his work and depends heavily on his knowledge to help the organization to solve its problems. Gerald is often seen teaching interns a simpler way to present an article, helping project managers with scheduling, and even the CEO often asks him for his opinion on important matter because of his experience and skill. Gerald's specialized knowledge depicts his ________. A) expert power B) coercive power C) legitimate power D) referent power E) reward power

expert power

5) Which of the following Big Five personality traits has been identified as the most important trait in effective leaders? A) conscientiousness B) openness C) extraversion D) agreeableness E) emotional stability

extraversion

77) Strong leadership is an adequate condition to enable an organization to function at an optimal level of effectiveness.

false

78) According to the Big Five personality model, emotional stability is the most important trait of effective leaders.

false

83) According to the path-goal theory, directive leadership is likely to be welcomed and accepted by employees with high ability or considerable experience.

false

26) The determination of the behavioral patterns and assumptions through which the group approaches the project is a function of the ________ phase in the punctuated-equilibrium model. A) performing B) inertia C) equilibrium D) transition E) first meeting

first meeting

67) Which of the following is an assertive impression management technique? A) conformity B) apologies C) self-promotion D) flattery E) buffing

flattery

58) Which of the following is a feature of servant leadership? A) pursuit of the leaders' self-interest B) use of power and authority to achieve organizational ends C) universal appeal and effectiveness across cultures D) focus on growth, development, and well-being of followers E) applicability restricted to the leader's ingroup

focus on growth development and well being of followers

74) Which of the following is true with regard to online leadership? A) Identification-based trust is easily established in the case of online leadership. B) Online negotiations are smoother as geographic mobility is not required. C) The demands of an online leader are the same as those experienced by a servant leader. D) For online leaders, writing skills are an extension of their interpersonal skills. E) For online leaders, substitutes and neutralizers have no effect.

for online leaders writing skills are n extension of their interpersonal skills

7) The two general groupings into which power may be categorized are ________. A) informational and personal B) formal and informal C) informal and legitimate D) formal and personal E) direct and indirect

formal and personal

15) Which of the following stages of the five-stage group development model is characterized by a great deal of uncertainty about the group's purpose, structure, and leadership? A) introduction B) storming C) forming D) evolution E) norming

forming

30) Which of the following reward systems is likely to reinforce team effort and commitment? A) job sharing B) gainsharing C) piece-rate pay D) merit-based pay E) skill-based pay

gainsharing

63) Groupshift is seen when ________. A) group members view themselves in better light when compared to members of the out-group B) group members tend to exaggerate the initial positions they hold when discussing a given set of alternatives and arriving at a solution C) group members notice and emphasize identities that reflect how different they are from other groups D) group members tend to prefer and endorse the products, ideas, and aspects of someone else's culture over their own E) group members fail to express alternative opinions and deviant views under the influence of the norm for consensus

group members tend to exaggerate the initial positions they hold when discussing a given set of alternatives and arriving at a solution

62) In discussing a given set of alternatives and arriving at a solution, group members tend to exaggerate the initial positions they hold. This phenomenon is called ________. A) social desirability bias B) groupshift C) halo effect D) social loafing E) ingroup favoritism

groupshift

64) The HR department at Bailey Services is considering offering telecommuting as an option to some experienced employees. At a meeting to formalize the move, the heads of the different departments met with Laura Watson, the HR manager. Laura, who thought this meeting would be a short one, was proven wrong when all the members, who had previously agreed that telecommuting would work in their company, began coming up with divergent views. By the end, two divisions claimed they had major concerns about allowing employees to telecommute, and those in favor of it were equally vocal. This scenario depicts the operation of ________. A) conformity B) groupshift C) role conflict D) groupthink E) social loafing

groupshift

59) ________ is defined as a phenomenon in which the norm for consensus overrides the realistic appraisal of alternative courses of action. A) Groupshift B) Social loafing C) Ingroup favoritism D) Cyber loafing E) Groupthink

groupthink

60) Sonia Soans is corporate trainer. One of her favorite ways to start a training program is to present a case study and encourage members to think of the case in depth and discuss it amongst each other. Using the results of the activity, she understands the baseline measures of the group's functioning. During one of her recent sessions, she observed that the group came to a consensus very quickly. However, when asked to present their views, the team members were not too confident and appeared to be under an illusion of unanimity. From this scenario, we can say that this group experienced ________. A) diversity B) groupshift C) role conflict D) groupthink E) social loafing

groupthink

51) If an individual ________, then he or she is less likely to engage in illegitimate political behavior. A) has invested a lot in the organization in terms of time and efforts B) possesses a scarce skill or knowledge C) has influential contacts outside the organization D) does not expect any future benefits from the organization E) has an external locus of control

has invested a lot in the organization in terms of time and effort

53) Which of the following is most likely to increase team efficacy? A) providing vast and generic goals B) helping the team achieve small successes C) creating a team such that it has diverse members D) ensuring that team goals are substantially difficult E) reducing the number of members on a team drastically

helping the team achieve small successes

13) Nellie Fritz, the head of client support services at Olson Inc., is very popular among her subordinates. Many believe that Nellie has a knack for getting the work done without making the employees feel pushed into a corner. She is often seen speaking to her subordinates and support staff about their families, helping them with any personal problems they have, and praising employees for their good work. In light of the Ohio State Studies, this indicates that Nellie, as a leader, is ________. A) task oriented B) high in consideration C) low in trust propensity D) low in relationship orientation E) production oriented

high consideration

11) Adrian Atwood, a senior manager at MNC, spends a lot of his time assigning group members to particular tasks and scheduling their work such that deadlines are achievable. Adrian also sets high expectations for standards of performance and holds regular meetings to ensure that productivity and quality are up to the mark. In the light of the Ohio State Studies, this indicates that Adrian, as a leader, is ________. A) low in task orientation B) high in consideration C) relationship oriented D) employee oriented E) high in initiating structure

high in initiating structure

28) According to the Fiedler contingency model, high managerial control is characterized by ________. A) high task structure, good leader-member relations, and strong position power B) limited position power, good leader-member relations, and low task structure C) less structured jobs, strong position power, and moderate leader-member relations D) broad employee responsibilities, low position power, and moderate leader-member relations E) good leader-member relations, low position power, unstructured jobs

high task structure good leader member relations and strong position power

38) According to the concept of organizational demography, if team members have dissimilar experiences, it will lead to ________. A) increased employee satisfaction B) decreased level of conflicts C) higher employee motivation D) higher employee turnover E) higher team efficacy

higher employee turnover

56) In terms of the full range of leadership models, which leadership behavior represents the most active and effective approach for leaders? A) contingent reward B) idealized influence C) management by exception (active) D) individualized consideration E) laissez-faire

idealized influence

73) Which of the following is a neutralizer of leadership? A) indifference to rewards B) experience and training C) explicit formalized rules D) cohesive work groups E) highly structured task

indifference to rewards

55) Which of the following leadership behaviors is likely to differentiate between transactional and transformational leaders? A) management by exception (active and passive) B) contingent reward C) individualized consideration D) micromanagement E) laissez-faire

individualized consideration

27) The power tactic of using flattery and creating goodwill before making a request is known as ________. A) ingratiation B) consultation C) inspirational appeal D) motivational appeal E) affective appeal

ingratiation

42) In her first few weeks at the marketing division of Rolland Retails, Judith Cox realized that Joshua, Doug, and Carl were closer to her manager, Eric Scott, than the other five team members. Eric, Joshua, Doug, and Carl came to work at the same time, were seen together at the cafeteria, and stayed late and worked when the need arose. In contrast to them, the other five team members did the routine jobs assigned to them, and their interactions lacked the understanding and camaraderie that Eric shared with the others. Joshua, Doug, and Carl make up Eric's ________. A) out-group B) reference group C) nominal group D) ingroup E) peripheral group

ingroup

9) Aaron Dias was working on the last shift for the day at All Needs, a retail store owned by an Asian man, when he opened the cash register and stole some money thinking that nobody would witness him stealing. However, one of the customers watched him steal the money and reported it to the manager the next day, and Aaron was terminated. Subsequently, the manager became extremely strict with all his Caucasian employees and was often heard abusing them by saying, "You guys are all the same." This scenario depicts ________. A) social loafing B) ingroup favoritism C) groupthink D) contrast bias E) social exchange

ingroup favoritism

9) The Ohio State Studies narrowed the independent dimensions of leader behavior to two that substantially accounted for most of the leadership behavior described by employees: consideration and ________. A) employee-orientation B) empathy C) constructing vision D) initiating structure E) charisma

initiating structure

61) ________ is a dimension of trust defined as honesty, truthfulness, and the ability to display consistency between one's words and action. A) Consideration B) Sensitivity C) Support D) Reflexivity E) Integrity

integrity

74) Hubert Gray needs an instruction manual developed for his new product. This is the last step of the project and he has severe budget constraints. He needs a small team of technical writers to work together closely to write the manual on fairly short notice. He needs them to communicate ideas quickly, creatively, and affordably. Which of the following group techniques should Hubert consider? A) nominal and electronic B) brainstorming C) brainstorming and electronic D) electronic and interacting E) interacting and brainstorming

interacting and brainstorming

69) Groupthink is most commonly seen in the group decision-making approach using ________. A) reference groups B) nominal groups C) brainstorming D) interacting groups E) electronic meeting groups

interacting groups

16) The second stage of the five-stage group development model is characterized by ________. A) uncertainty about the purpose, structure, and leadership of the group B) cohesiveness and close relationships among members of the group C) strong feelings of group identity among members of the group D) intragroup conflict within the group E) pride in the accomplishments of the group

intragroup conflict within the group

23) Which of the following statements is true with regard to the punctuated-equilibrium model of group development? A) It applies to all permanent work groups. B) It follows the five stages of forming, storming, norming, performing, and adjourning. C) It does not consider the changes in patterns of group activities in response to deadlines and time constraints. D) It involves the two strategies of groupthink and groupshift to break out of the phases of inertia. E) It characterizes groups as exhibiting long periods of inertia interspersed with brief revolutionary changes.

it characterizes groups as exhibiting long periods of inertia interspersed with brief revolutionary changes

63) The CEO of Xenon Solutions recently cancelled numerous leave requests and asked several employees to put in extra days of work as the company was slated to meet several deadlines in the immediate future. In addition, he also assured that those who work this extra bit will be given their due leaves and additional incentives once the time crisis had passed. Following this announcement, Joan and Shane were overheard speaking in the cafeteria. Shane was resentful that his holiday plans were disrupted, and he was sure that the management would ultimately not provide any of the leaves and incentives it promised. Joan, however, said that she was sure that their CEO had a valid reason behind making such a request and that if they put in the extra effort, they would be rewarded suitably. From the information provided in the scenario, which of the following statements can be inferred? A) Shane has a high degree of empathy. B) The leader-member relations between Shane and the CEO are the same as that between Joan and the CEO. C) Joan has a high degree of trust propensity. D) Shane has a high degree of identification-based trust in the CEO. E) Shane is one of the members of the CEO's ingroups.

joan has a high degree of trust propensity

43) In her first few weeks at the marketing division of Rolland Retails, Judith Cox realized that Joshua, Doug, and Carl were closer to her manager, Eric Scott, than the other five team members. Eric, Joshua, Doug, and Carl came to work at the same time, were seen together at the cafeteria, and stayed late and worked when the need arose. While Judith was in training, she received very good feedback from Eric, and as she transitioned to the floor, she felt that Eric was giving her interesting projects, allowing her more freedom, and seeking her opinion frequently. The information provided in the scenario supports the prediction that ________. A) Judith will develop low trust propensity toward Eric. B) Joshua, Doug, and Carl will display low trust propensity in Judith. C) Eric's ingroup will remain a reference group for Judith permanently. D) Judith will become a part of Eric's ingroup in the marketing division. E) Judith will have lower levels of identification-based trust with Eric when compared to other trainees.

judith will become a part of erics ingroup in the marketing division

4) Which of the following is a feature of power? A) lack of dependence of followers B) use of positive styles over negative tactics C) downward influence of leader on followers D) lack of goal compatibility between leaders and followers E) lack of control on behavior of followers

lack of goal compatibility between leaders and followers

54) In terms of the full range of leadership models, which leadership behavior is the least effective? A) management by exception (active) B) contingent reward C) management by exception (passive) D) individualized consideration E) laissez-faire z最小

laissez-faire

43) Which of the following factors can lead to greater probability of sexual harassment at the workplace? A) an active sexual harassment policy B) large power differentials C) a no-retaliation policy for victims seeking justice D) awareness regarding sexual harassment E) larger percentage of women in positions of power

large power differentials

40) Which of the following leadership theories argues that because of time pressures, leaders establish a special relationship with a small group of their subordinates—the ingroup, who are trusted, get a disproportionate amount of the leader's attention, and are more likely to receive special privileges? A) situational leadership theory B) leader-member exchange C) path-goal D) expectancy E) Fiedler's theory

leader member exchange

24) Fiedler defines the degree of confidence, trust, and respect that subordinates have in their leader as ________. A) leader-member relations B) task structure C) positional power D) follower variables E) path-goal frameworks

leader member relations

32) When the audience does not care about the outcomes, using a combination of ________ can help lessen negative reactions to the feeling that one is dictating outcomes. A) ingratiation and personal appeals B) pressure and exchange C) legitimacy and ingratiation D) exchange and rational persuasion E) inspirational appeals and consultation

legitimacy and ingratiation

13) Which of the following statements is true regarding legitimate power? A) Legitimate power develops out of admiration of another and a desire to be like that person. B) Legitimate power comes from an individual's unique characteristics. C) Legitimate power is broader than the power to coerce and reward. D) Celebrities who endorse products in commercials wield legitimate power over people. E) Legitimate power is a type of personal power.

legitimate power is broader than the power to coerce and reward

46) Political behaviors usually ________. A) lie outside of an individual's specified job requirements B) are counterproductive to individual goals C) are seen only in large organizations D) are sanctioned by organizational leaders E) are expected as part of each job requirement

lie outside of an individuals specified jobs requirements

28) Rational persuasion is a power tactic that involves the use of ________. A) formal authority B) logical arguments and factual evidence C) emotions to target the values, needs, and hopes of the other party D) benefits or favors in exchange for following a request E) warnings, repeated demands, and threats

logical arguments and factual evidence

41) Which of the following is a subtle form of sexual harassment? A) requesting repeatedly for a date when the other person is clearly disinterested B) forcing someone to accept a sexual proposition C) making jokes with sexual overtones D) engaging in unwanted physical touching E) forcing someone to provide sexual favors in return for a promotion

making jokes with sexual overtones

38) Max Hiller was recently hired by Sync, a consumer goods company. During his first meeting with the sales team, Max impressed upon his team that work performance is the only criterion he would use to evaluate them. To help them perform well and meet their targets, he pushed his team to work extra hours. He also gave very clear instructions to each member regarding their job responsibilities and continually verified if they were meeting their targets. Which of the following, if true, would weaken Max's approach? A) Max is leading many new employees who have joined his team directly after training. B) Max's team functions in a sluggish manner and picks up pace only a week or so before the monthly operations cycle meetings. C) Max's sales team is comprised of independent and experienced employees who are committed to their jobs. D) Max's team does not display high levels of cohesiveness, and members fail to coordinate with each other. E) Sales figures for the region that Max's team is responsible for have improved in the last quarter.

max's sales team is comprised of independent and experienced employees who are committed to their jobs

54) ________ are defined as organized mental representations of the key elements within a team's environment that team members share. A) Path-goal models B) Task models C) Mental models D) Individual models E) Specific models

mental models

64) A(n) ________ is a senior employee who sponsors and supports a less-experienced employee, a protégé. A) intern B) subordinate C) supervisee D) mentor E) apprentice

mentor

36) Leslie is a middle-level production manager at the California branch of ALT Corp. ALT Corp. is an automobile manufacturing company that specializes in the manufacture of heavy motor vehicles. Leslie's job is to supervise his assembly line employees. Leslie has worked in this position for over four years, and he strongly believes that a supportive leadership style is most suitable in his context. Which of the following, if true, would strengthen Leslie's approach to leadership in this case? A) The company has recently announced its move to diversify into manufacturing light motor vehicles because of high profitability in that line. B) Most of the assembly line employees are highly experienced in their jobs and committed to Leslie. C) With developments in technology, the company was enhancing the role of assembly line employees with new tasks combined into natural work units. D) The company has initiated many changes in the tasks of assembly line workers in its attempts to refine the process of manufacturing. E) A good proportion of the assembly line employees are new employees.

most of the assembly line employees are highly experienced in their jobs and committed to leslie

73) For seven years, Bonnie Patterson has been a manager at Wayne and Watson, a legal consultancy firm. A good part of her workday involves holding meetings, and she likes to follow a well-defined schedule. For this reason, members of her team receive the agenda at the beginning of the meeting, followed by some time to contemplate the issue at hand individually. Subsequently, the team members present their ideas one after the other, the group discusses them together, and lastly, a ranking is done to choose the most favored idea. This represents the ________ approach of group decision making. A) interacting B) reference group C) brainstorming D) nominal group E) groupthink

nominal group

72) A group decision-making method in which individual members meet face-to-face to pool their judgments in a systematic but independent fashion is the ________ technique. A) reference groups B) nominal groups 团体列名法 C) brainstorming D) interacting groups E) ingroup

nominal groups

34) Which of the following represents the acceptable standards of behavior within a group that are shared by the group's members? A) status B) norms C) dyads D) goals E) cliques

norms

28) Role perception is defined as ________. A) the way others believe we should act in a given context B) our view of how we are supposed to act in a given situation C) the existence of roles that are at variance with one another D) the socially defined position or rank given to group members by others E) the degree to which members are motivated to stay in the group.

our view of how we are supposed to act in a given situation

33) Maura Ruiz has been working in the e-learning industry for over eight years. She is aware of the fact that in this industry, once an employee has learned his or her job, the work becomes fairly automatic and competence can be achieved rapidly. She has been noticing how in her team, this competence has come along with a lot of complacency; the employees, though able, are unwilling to work hard. According to the situational leadership theory, to rectify this situation, Maura would benefit the most if she uses the ________ style of leadership. A) task-oriented B) production-oriented C) participative D) directive E) autocratic

participative

20) Which of the following theories of leadership is based on situational variables? A) attribution theory B) trait theories C) charismatic leadership theory D) path-goal theory E) behavioral theories

path goal theory

50) Which of the following is an individual factor that influences political behavior? A) reallocation of resources B) unclear performance evaluation system C) high performance pressures D) perceived job alternatives E) zero-sum reward practice

perceived job alternatives

20) When the group energy is focused on the task at hand and the group is fully functional, it is said to be in the stage of ________. A) storming B) norming C) inertia D) forming E) performing

performing

25) The team effectiveness model classifies the key components of effective teams into three general categories: context, composition, and process. Which of the following variables belongs to the composition category? A) adequate resources B) conflict level C) team efficacy D) performance evaluation system E) personality of team members

personality of team members

63) Daphne is one of the three project managers at Virgo Inc., an art and design studio. Raymond and Gabriel, the other two project managers, are unhappy working with Daphne as she always selects projects that suit her area of expertise and avoids projects which require more ambiguous work, have tight deadlines, and represent a low probability of success. Raymond and Gabriel feel that they deserve greater credit than Daphne for being open and accepting different work demands and situations, as opposed to Daphne, who always takes a conservative and risk-averse approach. Daphne is using the defensive behavior of ________ here. A) scapegoating B) ingratiating C) stalling D) retaliating E) playing safe

playing safe

74) Which of the following can be used to understand how power and politics in an organization can help you achieve your career goals? A) counseling B) power base relationships C) political mapping D) power struggles E) equity positioning

political mapping

48) ________ occurs when people within organizations use whatever influence they can to taint the facts to support their goals and interests. A) Legitimate political behavior B) Politicking C) Illegitimate political behavior D) Sabotage E) Whistle-blowing

politicking

27) In the context of Fiedler's model, the situational dimension termed ________ relates to the degree of influence a leader has over important variables such as hiring, firing, discipline, promotions, and salary increases. A) task structure B) leader-member exchange C) position power D) initiating structure E) leader-member relations

position power

37) Organizational demography suggests that attributes such as age or the date of joining should help the organization in ________. A) promoting diversity and multiculturalism B) reducing discrimination in the workplace C) determining appropriate compensation packages D) assessing the training needs at an occupational level E) predicting employee turnover in the company

predicting employee turnover in the company

47) Which of the following factors contributes to political behavior in the organization? A) presence of pure and objective facts B) existence of uniform goals and interests among all employees C) provision of clear and objective performance outcomes D) presence of limited resources in the organization E) perception that gains of one group are not at the expense of the loss incurred by another group

presence of limited resources in the organization

26) Which of the following power tactics uses warnings and threats and is typically the least effective of all the power tactics? A) coalitions B) exchange C) pressure D) rational persuasion E) consultation

pressure

16) If a leader's main concern is accomplishing his or her group's tasks, the University of Michigan studies label this leader ________. A) employee-oriented B) high in consideration C) relationship-oriented D) low in initiating structure E) production-oriented

production oriented

17) Norman has been working in the sales division for a large manufacturing company for four months. In this short period of time, Norman has learned that Mr. Hill, his manager, keeps increasing monthly targets significantly, and though each time the target appears unrealistic, Norman has been able to achieve them throughout the last four months. Mr. Lee's approach of leading his employees to work more efficiently by setting successively higher targets is an example of his ________ leadership. A) employee-oriented B) consideration-based C) person-oriented D) production-oriented E) support-oriented

production oriented

39) The important groups to which an individual belongs or hopes to belong are known as ________ groups. A) interacting B) reference C) organizational D) control E) nominal

reference

33) ________ is the only tactic effective across organizational levels. A) Legitimacy B) Inspirational appeal C) Rational persuasion D) Ingratiation E) Pressure

rational persuasion

35) Which of the following power tactics would be considered a soft tactic? A) rational persuasion B) exchange C) coalition D) politicking E) pressure

rational persuasion

40) Jonas Wilkes has struggled for many years with tight finances at home. Throughout school and college, he worked really hard, earned the best grades, and prepared himself for a better life. By a better life, he meant a house in the uptown Wellington Road and a membership in the Diamond District Club where he envisions himself playing golf on weekends. The residents of Wellington Road and the members of Diamond District Club serve as a ________ for him. A) nominal group B) organizational group C) control group D) intervention group E) reference group

reference group

14) Which of the following types of power can be categorized as personal power? A) coercive B) legitimate C) reward D) referent E) positional

referent

17) ________ power is based on identification with a person who has desirable resources or personal traits. A) Coercive B) Legitimate C) Referent D) Expert E) Reward

referent

8) Tim Wrench was leading the client services division of AmWeb for seven years when he was asked to move to another region where the company was setting up its office. Before moving, Tim was asked to help in finding a successor for him from his team. Tim's most obvious choice was Judy Judge, and the management accepted his choice as Judy was a popular person across the company. Judy was known for her vivacious nature, was often seen speaking to employees from various divisions, and was always excited to take up a new opportunity. Once she became a leader, she continued to give employees freedom and flexibility even if it resulted in deficiencies on the work front like missed deadlines or low quality. Judy's initial weeks as a leader were full of confusion among her team members, but many felt that the situation would come under control. When things did not improve in the next two months and many complaints poured in from clients, the management realized that Judy was not the best candidate to lead the team. Which of the following, if true, would best explain this outcome? A) Judy was a high-performing employee and enjoyed good relationships with everyone on the team. B) Everyone felt Judy was given insufficient time to prove her worth as a leader. C) Research has shown that traits can predict the emergence of a leader, but not his or her efficiency as a leader. D) The client complaints were a common thing encountered by the company. E) Judy demonstrated low levels of consideration and high levels of task-orientation.

research has shown that traits can predict the emergence of a leader but not his or her efficiency as a leader

37) A local government work crew cleans up parks and other public spaces. In this crew, the dirtiest jobs are generally given to the newest members, while the more senior members of the crew tend to do little except draw their pay. Which of the following classes of norms encompasses arrangements like this? A) performance norms B) appearance norms C) resource allocation norms D) reference norms E) leisure norms

resource allocation norms

10) ________ power represents the compliance that is achieved based on the ability to distribute positive benefits that others view as valuable. A) Legitimate B) Coercive C) Reward D) Personal E) Reflective

reward

49) A transactional leader is likely to ________. A) reward employees for the work that they have done, thus recognizing accomplishments B) help followers trust the leader and develop a loyalty toward the common vision C) stimulate others in the organization to become thinkers of what the organization is all about D) pay attention to the emotional needs of others and consider individual differences E) avoid authoritarian, command, and control behaviors when dealing with employees

reward employees for the work that they have done, thus recognizing accomplishment

11) As a regional sales officer, one of Brandon's job responsibilities is to process the yearly appraisal forms of his subordinates and provide them with increments, bonuses, or benefits based on their performance that year. This job responsibility directly reflects his ________. A) active power B) expert power C) referent power D) reward power E) coercive power

reward power

57) Under the zero-sum approach, rewards are distributed such that ________. A) rewards are equal and do not increase or decrease with changes in profit margins B) rewards increase for all employees at an identical rate C) any drop in profits reduces the pay of employees by an identical amount D) amount allocated for rewards is variable E) rewards increase for a group at the expense of loss for another group

rewards increase for a group at the expense of loss for another group

33) Michael is devout and very active in his church. He is also a very dedicated employee. His manager offers him a promotion, but the new role will require him to work Sundays. Michael would like the promotion but realizes that it would force him to miss some church activities. In this situation, Michael is most likely to experience ________. A) role conflict B) social loafing C) groupthink D) role fuzziness E) groupshift

role conflict

62) Placing the blame for a negative outcome on external factors that are not entirely blameworthy is known as ________. A) scapegoating B) buffing C) stalling D) justifying E) overconforming

scapegoating

12) ________ teams are defined as groups of employees who perform highly related or interdependent jobs and take on many of the responsibilities of their former supervisors. A) Independent B) Self-managed work C) Cross-functional D) Problem-solving E) Traditional

self managed work

13) Nick, the director of manufacturing at a large electronics company, has created a team of eleven employees from quality control for working on high priority projects. Nick gives the team members the responsibility of planning and scheduling their own work and making all functional decisions. Also, members of this team evaluate each other's performance. This is an example of a ________ team. A) problem-solving B) self-managed work C) cross-functional D) virtual

self managed work

42) Connie Cole works as a junior market analyst at SPS Services. Her previous manager retired a couple of months back, and she now has a younger male manager who repeatedly insists that she accompany him for a coffee or dinner after work. Initially, Connie was unsuspecting and refused because she did not have the time for such engagements during weekdays. Later, when her manager's requests became frequent, she grew uncomfortable and firmly told him that she was not interested in him and his attempts were not welcome. She realized that this step could backfire because, as her superior, he has complete control over her appraisals, bonuses, and promotions. Her manager even told her that if she does not agree, he will "find other ways." Connie's experiences are best described as ________. A) whistle-blowing B) scapegoating C) domestic abuse D) sexual harassment E) ambient abuse

sexual harassment

67) According to the attribution theory of leadership, a person aiming to be a leader has to ________. A) gain sufficient experience to be a leader B) possess qualities like charisma and intelligence C) make changes on ground before leading people D) possess many significant actual accomplishments E) shape the perception that he or she could be a leader

shape the perception that he or she could be a leader

29) Which of the following theoretical approaches in the study of leadership focuses on followers' readiness as a determinant of effective leadership? A) Big Five personality model B) behavioral theories C) Fiedler contingency model D) laissez-faire leadership E) situational leadership theory

situational leadership theory

19) Contingency theories focus on the ________ that impact leadership success. A) personality variables B) leader's abilities to inspire and transform followers C) situational variables D) values and ethics E) features of the followers

situational variables

36) The ________ norms dictate behavior such as with whom group members eat lunch and friendships on and off the job. A) appearance B) social arrangement C) performance D) reference E) organizational

social arrangement

47) Which of the following terms indicates the tendency of individuals to spend less effort when working collectively? A) groupthink B) collective efficacy C) social loafing 社会惰化 D) groupshift E) social facilitation

social loafing

48) When faced with a number of tight deadlines, Mandy Moore often delegates work collectively. Recently she chose some fairly experienced employees to work on a high-priority project. She was heartened to see that the selected group of employees was having numerous meetings and working hard. However, when she went to check on their progress at the halfway mark in the project schedule, she was shocked to see how little the team had done in the past three weeks. This scenario reflects ________. A) groupthink B) collective efficacy C) social loafing D) groupshift E) ingroup favoritism

social loafing

43) Status refers to the ________. A) impact that support of group norms has on workplace civility B) adjustment of one's behavior to align with the norms of the group C) socially defined position or rank given to groups or group members by others D) existence of roles that are at variance with one another E) acceptable standards of behavior within a group that are shared by the group's members

socially defined position or rank given to groups or group members by others

50) Effective teams translate their common purpose into ________ goals. A) universal B) generic C) vast D) specific E) diverse

specific

55) Timothy Jenkins had been working for six years at Hartford Mills, a company that takes a strong stand against unionization. Though Timothy's designation was that of a production supervisor, as the company grew, he also took on additional duties like keeping a check on employee safety, ensuring that legal measures are followed, and implementing programs for labor welfare that the company planned. Many believed that Timothy was doing a great job for the company, and so it came as a surprise when Timothy was rumored to face severe disciplinary action, as he was encouraging the workers to join a union. However, he was let off with a mere warning. Timothy argued that he was only doing his job—a job in which he had responsibility for improving the welfare of employees. Which of the following, if true, would help Hartford Mills avoid such situations in the future? A) ensuring the provision of a retaliatory policy for employees who go against the company B) holding town hall meetings to explain to employees why Timothy was suspected C) enlisting the support of popular employees like Timothy to discharge the employee welfare duties D) engaging in collective bargaining as it is the only way to motivate employees to work efficiently E) specifying the permissible and prohibited aspects of an employee's formal role in the organization

specifying the permissible and prohibited aspects of an employees formal role in the organization

17) By the end of the stage of ________, a relatively clear hierarchy of leadership within the group is established. A) norming B) storming C) forming D) adjourning E) performing

storming

12) Legitimate power is directly based on ________. A) charisma of the leader B) interpersonal trust and commitment of the manager C) structural position of the manager in the organization D) personality traits of the manager E) ability of the manager to serve his or her subordinates

structural position of the manager in the organization

71) The top management of Myers Corp are planning a reorganization of their company to cut costs and increase efficiency. The different department heads have been asked to present their departmental strengths, needs, and concerns at a meeting. The various division heads have come to an agreement that clarity of goals and tasks, detailed procedural guidelines like employee manuals, and a cooperative workforce are their main strengths. Additionally, they are of the opinion that cutting managerial positions to reduce costs and reorganizing Myers Corp as a relatively flat organization is a good approach. This scenario reflects the operation of ________ in replacing the support and ability offered by leaders. A) vision B) traits C) attributes D) substitutes E) charisma

substitutes

70) Which of the following is true about substitutes for leadership? A) Substitutes are clearly distinguishable from neutralizers. B) Substitutes enhance the need for leader's support or ability to create structure. C) Substitutes increase the levels of identification-based trust. D) Substitutes are factors and conditions that replace formal leadership. E) Organizations cannot provide any substitutes for leadership.

substitutes are factors and conditions that replace formal leadership

6) Research on power is likely to provide information on the most effective ________. A) leadership styles for motivating followers B) methods to reduce dependence on leaders C) tactics for gaining compliance of employees D) methods of rewarding successful employees E) modes of assessing employee performance

tactics for gaining compliance of employees

26) Which of the following situational dimensions identified by Fiedler relates to the degree to which job assignments are procedurized, that is, structured or unstructured? A) task reflexivity B) task significance C) task structure D) task complexity E) task orientation

task structure

26) According to the team effectiveness model, which of the following is a process variable that influences effectiveness of a team? A) leadership and structure B) team efficacy C) member flexibility D) performance evaluation and reward systems E) abilities of members

team efficacy

51) The belief that effective teams have in their ability to succeed is called ________. A) goal specificity B) reflexivity C) mental model D) common purpose E) team efficacy

team efficacy

13) Uncertainty reduction is a dimension of the social identity theory that manifests itself in the ________. A) tendency of people who have greater uniformity in values and characteristics to have greater identification as well B) tendency of people to use the group as a means of understanding who they are and how they fit into the world C) tendency of people to link themselves to groups of higher social standing in an attempt to define themselves favorably D) tendency of ingroup members to prefer and endorse the products, ideas, and aspects of someone else's culture over their own

tendency of people to use the group as a means of understanding who they are and how they fit into the world

69) Which of the following is a substitute for leadership in the theory that suggests leaders' actions are irrelevant in many situations? A) lack of experience B) training C) ambiguous task D) high need for supervision E) external feedback

training

1) Leadership is best defined as ________. A) the ability to merely project one's abilities in the lack of actual accomplishments B) the ability to reduce the dependence of team members on each other C) the ability to induce the team members to focus on individual goals rather than collective goals D) the ability to influence a group toward the achievement of a vision or set of goals E) the ability to use factors like training and experience to reduce dependence on formal leadership

the ability to influence a group toward the achievement of a vision or set of goals

6) A work team is characterized by ________. A) the goal of sharing information B) the presence of neutral to negative synergy C) the availability of complementary skills among members D) the individual accountability for outcomes and results E) the mere accumulation of individual efforts

the availability of complementary skills among members

25) The first phase of group development for temporary groups involves ________. A) the phase of inertia before transition B) the determination of the group's direction C) the transition to plan the major changes D) a period of accelerated activity E) the adoption of new perspectives

the determination of the group's direction

24) Dependence would be low when ________. A) the goods have very few suppliers B) the goods have low accessibility C) the goods in question are scarce D) the products are important E) the goods have substitutes

the goods have substitutes

18) During the third stage of group development, ________. A) conflicts over leadership are common B) the group demonstrates cohesiveness C) intragroup conflicts occur D) members resist the constraints the group places on them E) groups disband

the group demonstrates cohesiveness

47) The third step in the process of charismatic leadership involves ________. A) the leader conceptualizing a long-term strategy for attaining a goal by linking the present with a better future for the organization B) the leader conveying a new set of values and setting an example for followers to imitate C) the charismatic leader engaging in emotion-inducing behaviors to ensure that employee commitment is generated D) the leader using unconventional behavior to demonstrate courage and conviction about the vision E) the leader providing a formal articulation of an organization's vision or mission to guide his followers

the leader conveying a new set of values and setting an example for followers to imitate

35) Which of the following is an example of performance norms? A) dress codes B) rules in informal groups C) assignment of difficult jobs, pay, and equipment D) distribution of pay E) the manner in which a job must be done

the manner in which a job must be done

4) Trait theories of leadership focus on ________. A) the special relationship that leaders establish with a small group of their followers B) the personal qualities and characteristics that differentiate leaders from nonleaders C) the way the leader makes decisions D) the extent to which followers are willing and able to accomplish a specific task E) the match between the leader's style and the degree to which the situation gives the leader control

the personal qualities and characteristics that differentiate leaders from nonleaders

37) Leslie is a middle-level production manager at the California branch of ALT Corp. ALT Corp. is an automobile manufacturing company that specializes in the manufacture of heavy motor vehicles. Leslie's job is to supervise his assembly line employees. Leslie has worked in this position for over four years, and he strongly believes that a supportive leadership style is most suitable in his context. Which of the following, if true, would weaken Leslie's approach to leadership in this case? A) The company is planning to lay off some employees in the near future. B) The company has stopped the production of most of its older models as it wants to focus on the most profitable models. C) The assembly line jobs are routine and highly structured by nature. D) The recent round of OSHA inspections revealed that many assembly line employees were not complying with stipulated safety measures. E) The company's workforce is comprised primarily of employees of the baby boomer generation.

the recent roundof OSHA inspections revealed that many assembly line employees were not complying with stipulated safety measures

34) Which of the following statements is true with regard to the path-goal theory of leadership? A) The theory considers leadership to be a set of attributes ascribed to leaders by followers. B) The theory proposes only a passive and supportive role for leaders. C) The theory considers removing obstacles to be a component of effective leadership. D) The theory proposes that leaders must work closely with followers throughout. E) The path-goal theory represents a laissez-faire approach to leadership

the theory considers removing obstacles to be a component of effective leadership

39) The leader-participation model focuses on ________. A) the personality traits of leaders B) the presence of charisma in the leader C) the way decisions are made by the leader D) the mere projection of successful leadership by the leader E) the use of ingroups by the leader

the way decisions are made by the leader

69) Work should be performed by an individual if ________. A) the work is complex and requires different perspectives B) the work creates a common purpose or set of goals for the people in the group that is more than the aggregate of individual goals C) the work is simple and does not require diverse input D) several tasks that are interdependent are to be performed for completing the work E) performing the work requires learning a new technology or understanding a new system

the work is simple and does not require diverse input

1) The current popularity of teams can be attributed to the fact that ________. A) they enable quicker accomplishment of goals than individuals B) they represent a better way to use employee talents C) they reduce the need for coordination and supervision D) they aid in the performance of simple tasks that do not require diverse inputs E) they strengthen the worth of individual teams players over the team

they represent a better way to use employee talents

48) Leaders who function primarily by clarifying role and task requirements to accomplish established goals exhibit a(n) ________ style of leadership. A) transformational B) transactional C) charismatic D) laissez-faire E) employee-oriented

transactional

60) Buck passing is seen when an employee ________. A) avoids an unwanted task by falsely pleading ignorance or inability B) prolongs a task to give the appearance of being occupied C) documents his or her activity rigorously to project an image of competence and thoroughness D) develops explanations that lessen his or her responsibility for a negative outcome E) transfers responsibility for the execution of a task or decision to someone else

transfers responsibility for the execution of a task or decision to someone else

51) ________ leaders inspire followers to transcend their self-interests for the good of the organization and can have an extraordinary effect on their followers. A) Transformational B) Transactional C) Task-oriented D) Laissez-faire E) Production-oriented

transformational

25) Trevor Guerney is a manager who believes that those who are to be affected by a change must be involved in the change. Consequently, he always ensures that his subordinates have the knowledge of what is happening around them, and he often holds meetings to obtain employee opinion and suggestions before making any decision that would apply to them. Similarly, Trevor's team proactively approaches him with problems and potential solutions as they know he will not respond by criticizing them. From the information provided in the scenario, we can say that ________. A) Trevor's leadership is primarily task-oriented B) Trevor's team has a low degree of trust propensity C) Trevor's team requires more directive leadership D) Trevor's team has positive leader-member relations E) Trevor's team is unsatisfied with his power position

trevors team has positive leader member relations

79) Trait theories of leadership most accurately predict the emergence and appearance of leadership.

true

57) The primary quality produced by authentic leadership is ________. A) efficiency B) reinforcement C) supervision D) trust E) authority

trust

40) Which of the following is an overt form of sexual harassment? A) being too friendly B) pinups posted in the workplace C) off-color jokes D) unwanted physical touching E) unwanted looks or comments

unwanted physical touching

56) To avoid politicking during performance evaluations, an organization should ________. A) create role ambiguity B) use democratic decision making C) use a single outcome measure D) use objective criteria E) allow a significant lapse

use objective criteria

59) Servant leadership reflects the ________. A) traditional view that followers are expected to serve the leaders B) task-oriented approach to leadership C) use of empathy, listening, and persuasion by leaders D) Western prototype of a leader who gives orders to followers E) tendency of leaders to prioritize their interests over the interests of their employees

use of empathy listening and persuasion by leaders

65) Leaders who want to foster a climate that reinforces ethical behavior do all of the following except A) set high ethical standards. B) demonstrate good ethical behavior. C) encourage integrity among employees. D) reward employees demonstrating integrity. E) use their charisma to enhance power over followers, directed towards self-serving ends.

use their charisma to enhance power over followers directed towards self serving ends

75) Victor Ortiz was a successful and popular manager at the marketing division of a consumer goods company. Many attributed the company's immense success in the last two years to Victor's highly creative marketing plans, which cost the company very little but increased the visibility of its products. He also effectively tied up with new retail chains so the demand for their products grows as the new retail chains grow. Recently, a subordinate alleged that Victor had sexually harassed her, and stories of similar allegations made against him in the past resurfaced. The situation was laid to rest when Victor made an appearance with the victim by his side claiming that the allegations were baseless as he was romantically involved with her. Though this announcement did not convince people, the allegations against Victor were withdrawn. From the information provided in this scenario, this outcome can be explained by the fact that ________. A) Victor has a high degree of referent power B) Victor has enough power to get away with his misdeeds C) Victor has abided by the standards of equity and justice D) Victor has used a defensive impression management technique E) Victor has used scapegoating to free himself from the charges

victor has enough power to get away with his misdeeds

46) A long-term strategy for attaining a goal by linking the present with a better future for the organization is defined as a(n) ________. A) transaction B) attribution C) contingent plan D) vision E) substitution

vision

7) Which of the following accurately differentiates between work groups and work teams? A) Work groups are used by top-management employees, while work teams are used by lower-level workers. B) Work groups are used for functions relating to areas of the external environment, while work teams are exclusively used for departmental problems and issues. C) Work groups involve members who have complementary skills, while work teams use employees who have random and varied skills. D) Work teams generate a potential for an organization to generate greater outputs with no increase in inputs, while work groups cannot perform this function. E) Work teams represent the mere accumulation of individual efforts, while work groups generate a positive synergy within the organization.

work teams generate a potential for an organization to generate greater outputs with no increase in inputs while work groups cannot perform this function

52) Which of the following is an organizational factor that increases illegitimate political behavior? A) internal locus of control B) low expectations of success C) high trust D) low organizational investment E) zero-sum reward practice

zero-sum reward practice