chapter 9 envi science

can be in air, water, soil, paint, or dust and damages organs of the body

Lead

a vector is..

any agent that acts as a carrier or transporter

an_____ is an example of a chemical hazard.

asbestos

used for insulation, can cause cancer

asbestos

a mass of snow sliding down a slope is a ....

avalanche

an _____ is a mass of sliding snow that can bury people and places in its path.

avalanche

on snow covered mountain slopes, warm temperatures can melt the top of the snow pack and increase the potential for an_____

avalanche

_____ begins when organisms begin to bioaccumulate pollutants in their tissues and cells.

bioaccumuliation

epidemiology deals primarily with what type of hazards?

biological

the flu virus, the bacterium that causes strep throat, and even pet danger that may cause allergies are all examples of...

biological hazards

viruses, bacteria, and other organisms in the environment that harm human health are classified as...

biological hazards

Each step up the food chain, concentrations of toxicants can be greatly multiplied in a process called

biomagnification

how are hurricanes and tornado's similar?

both include very strong & rotating winds that cause significant damage.

eating a high-fat diet is considered a lifestyle choice that____ be controlled.

can

a gas that can cause headaches, dizziness, fatigue, and eventually death

carbon monoxide

chemicals that cause cancer are called...

carcinogens

Toxicology deals primarily with what types of hazards?

chemical and physical

____ can cause cancer, birth defects, and improper functioning of human body systems.

chemical hazards

explain one way pathogens can spread through the environment.

contaminated soil, water, food,& blood through sexual contact or insect bites.

types of people that generally have greater sensitivity to environmental hazards than other types of people are...

infants

young children are frequently tested for what chemical hazard that was used in paints and pipes in many homes and buildings?

lead

infants usually have developed...

little or no resistance to emerging diseases

the _____ disease is an example of an emerging disease.

malaria

suppose you are in a car driving through a new town. the national weather service issues a tornado warning for the area. at the same time, you notice the weather looks threatening. what might you do?

most people think the best thing to do is to take shelter under an overpass or get out of the car and into a ditch.

some heavy metals such as lead, mercury , and cadmium, are classified as _______ because they affect the nervous system

neurotoxins

chemicals that harm embryos and fetuses are called...

teratogens

chemicals that harm embryos and fetuses, thus causing birth defects, are known as...

teratogens

a person can die from drinking...

too much water too quickly

A_______is a type of windstorm in which a funnel of rotating air drops down from a storm cloud and touches Earth's surface.

tornado

______ accumulate in organisms as they feed on one another.

toxic chemicals

any substance that poses a chemical hazard is considered a ...

toxicant

How harmful a substance is

toxicity

the study of how poisonous substances affect health..

toxicology

a large ocean wave often created by an ocean floor earthquake is a..

tsunami

during a tornado, the safest place to be is...

underground area like a basement

mudflows and ash clouds are some of the many dangers of..

volcanic eruptions

a________ is an opening in Earth's crust through which molten lava, ash, and gases are ejected

volcano

durning flu season, there are constant reminders to wash your hands. why is this important? can you suggest something else people should do to prevent infection?

washing hands kills the bacteria & germs that can spread to others by contact.. getting a flu shot

in the U.S., the _____ is the primary national center for responding to emerging diseases.

CDC

if you are stuck outdoors during a thunderstorm, to keep safe, you should....

stay away from tall objects

a colorless, odorless radioactive gas that is released from soil and can cause cancer

Radon

What do asbestos, radon, volatile organic compounds, carbon monoxide, and lead all have in common?

They are chemical hazards that can be found indoors.

contain carbon and are released into the air by products such as plastics

VOCs

effects is always associated with a tornado?

a funnel of rotating air

Where are chemical hazards present outdoors?

air, land, water

_____ can be hazardous is large enough quantities.

all chemicals

substances known as ______ cause the immune system to overreact to a normally harmless substance

allergens

individuals respond ______ to the same environmental hazards.

differently

the amount of a substance an organism is exposed to...

dose

the amount of a substance needed to cause a response

dose

the relationship between different doses of chemicals and the response they generate is called...

dose-response relationship

When stress built up in tectonic plates is suddenly released, the energy causes the planet to shake, a phenomenon called a(n)

earthquake

the shaking that occurs during an ______ can destroy natural land forms as well as human-made structures.

earthquake

the H1N1 (swine) flu first appeared in Mexico in March of 2009. By June, it had spread to 70 different countries, infecting nearly 30,000 people. H1N1 is an example of an...

emerging disease

a disease that has appeared in the human population for the first time or that has existed for a while, but is increasing rapidly or spreading around the world is called...

emerging diseases

______ can be biological, social, chemical, or physical.

environmental health hazards/types of hazards

_____ is the study of how diseases affects organisms' health.

epidemiology

the study of disease in human populations

epidemiology

the study of disease in human populations is called______

epidemiology

some diseases, such as breast cancer, can be traced to _________ factors in addition to environmental hazards

genetic

When new diseases first emerge, humans usually....

have few or no medicines & vaccines to control them

Some chemical hazards disrupt the endocrine system, the body system that sends and receives chemical signals, called....

hormones

A substance's toxicity depends not just on what it is, but also

how much of it a person is exposed to

A powerful storm that forms over the ocean in the tropics is called a..

hurricane

how are hurricanes and tornado's different?

hurricanes develop over warm water in tropical oceans while tornado's form over land

infectious diseases are caused be a _____, such as a virus or bacteria.

pathogen

infectious diseases are diseases caused by an organism such as a virus or a bacterium, which is called a...

pathogen

Some ongoing natural phenomena, such as ultraviolet (UV) radiation from sunlight , represent _____ hazards.

physical

example of a social hazard that cannot easily be controlled?

pollution from a factory near a school

it is important to monitor emerging diseases because some diseases, such as tuberculosis, are becoming more ________ to antibiotics.

resistant

the effect as a result of exposure to a substance...

response

the probability that a hazard will cause a harmful response, such as death or disease, is known as...

risk

the process of measuring the chance that an environmental hazard will cause harm is called...

risk assessment

factors causes different people to respond differently to environmental hazards?

sex, weight, health issues

what are 4 examples of deadly infections diseases?

small pox, rabies, ebola, anthrax

example of a social hazard that can generally be controlled?

smoking

living next to a factory that pollutes the air and smoking cigarettes are both examples of _____ hazards

social

environmental hazards that result from where we live, our jobs, or our lifestyle choices are called...

social hazards