Chapter 9

During logical database design, you must account for every data element on a system input or output form or report and on the ________.

A) E-R diagram

In some situations, a single attribute name, called a(n) ________, may have more than one meaning or describe more than one characteristic.

A) Homonym

A(n) ________ is a file organization in which rows are stored either sequentially or non-sequentially, and an index is created that allows software to locate individual rows.

A) Indexed file organization

________ database design is driven not only from the previously developed E-R data model for the application or enterprise but also from form and report layouts.

A) Logical

A functional dependency between ________ key attributes is also called a transitive dependency.

A) Non-primary

The capability to split a table into separate sections, often called ________, is possible with most relational database products.

A) Partitioning

Which relation is created with primary key and non-key attributes only?

A) Regular entity

In a relation, the sequence of columns can be interchanged without changing the meaning or use of the ________.

A) Relation

A relation is a named, ________-dimensional table of data. Each relation (or table) consists of a set of named columns and an arbitrary number of unnamed rows.

A) Two

A relation is in ________ if every non-primary key attribute is functionally dependent on the whole primary key.

B) 2NF

A(n) ________ is the smallest unit of application data recognized by system software, such as a programming language or database management system.

B) Field

Normalized relations are, of course, the result of ________ database design.

B) Logical

There are ________ key steps in logical database modeling and design.

C) Four

In a ________ database model, data is represented as a set of related tables or relations.

C) Relational

In logical database modeling and design, we translate the ________ E-R data model for the application or enterprise, developed without explicit consideration of specific user interfaces, into normalized data requirements.

D) Conceptual

A functional dependency is a particular relationship between two ________.

A) Attributes

In most situations, many physical database design decisions are implicit or eliminated when we choose the ________ technologies to use with the application.

A) Data management

A(n) ________ must satisfy referential integrity, which specifies that the value of an attribute in one relation depends on the value of the same attribute in another relation.

A) Foreign key

A(n) ________ is an attribute (or combination of attributes) whose value is unique across all occurrences of a relation.

B) Primary key

A default value is the value that a ________ will assume unless an explicit value is entered for it.

A) Field

In logical database modeling and design, we combine normalized data requirements from all user interfaces into one consolidated logical database model; this step is called view ________.

B) Integration

________ is a process for converting complex data structures into simple, stable data structures.

B) Normalization

A ________ table is a named set of rows and columns that specifies the fields in each row of the table.

B) Physical

Logical and ________ database design is typically performed in parallel with other systems design steps.

B) Physical

A(n) ________ is a field of data that can be used to locate a related field or row of data.

B) Pointer

Each regular entity type in an E-R diagram is transformed into a(n) ________.

B) Relation

Entries in cells are simple and an entry at the intersection of each row and column has a ________ value.

B) Single

Each partition is stored in a separate contiguous section of disk space, which Oracle calls a(n) ________.

B) Tablespace

The ________ families of file organizations cover most of the file organizations we will have at our disposal as we design physical files and databases.

B) Three

________ is NOT a valid type of partitioning method in relational database products.

C) Boundary

Each ________ in a relation corresponds to an attribute of that relation.

C) Column

A(n) ________ is a coding scheme recognized by system software for representing organizational data.

C) Data type

A ________ is an attribute that appears as a non-primary key attribute in one relation and as a primary key attribute (or part of a primary key) in another relation.

C) Foreign key

A ________ value is a special field value, distinct from a zero, blank, or any other value, that indicates that the value for the field is missing or otherwise unknown.

C) Null

One purpose of database design is to structure the data in stable structures, called normalized tables, that are not likely to change over time and that have minimal ________.

C) Redundancy

A(n) ________ is one field or a combination of fields for which more than one row may have the same combination of values.

C) Secondary key

In some situations, two or more attributes may have different names but the same meaning, as when they describe the same characteristic of an entity. Such attributes are called ________.

C) Synonyms

A well-structured relation is a relation that contains a minimum amount of redundancy and that allows users to insert, modify, and delete the rows without error or inconsistencies and is also known as a ________.

C) Table

In ________ normal form, non-primary key attributes do not depend on each other (what we call no transitive dependencies).

C) Third

________ is the process of splitting or combining normalized relations into physical tables based on affinity of use of rows and fields.

D) De-normalization

We begin the physical design phase by addressing the design of physical fields for each attribute in a ________ data model.

D) Logical

The result of normalization is that every ________ key attribute depends upon the whole primary key.

D) Non-primary

The key should be ________; that is, no attribute in the key can be deleted without destroying its unique identification.

D) Non-redundant

In logical database design, we use a process called ________, which is a way to build a data model that has the properties of simplicity, non-redundancy, and minimal maintenance.

D) Normalization

A computer operating system stores data in a ________, which is a named set of table rows stored in a contiguous section of secondary memory.

D) Physical file

In a relation, each row is unique and uniqueness is guaranteed because the relation has a non-empty ________ key value.

D) Primary

Each entity type in the E-R diagram becomes a relation. The identifier of the entity type becomes the ________ of the relation, and other attributes of the entity type become non-primary key attributes of the relation.

D) Primary key

Each ________ of a relation corresponds to a record that contains data values for an entity.

D) Row

In a hashed file organization, the address of each ________ is determined using an algorithm.

D) Row

In ________ normal form, each non-primary key attribute is identified by the whole key (what we call full functional dependency).

D) Second