chapter 9 history
Orville and Wilbur Wright
created the first airplane that could fly with people
John Dalton
developed modern atomic theory
Romanticism
19th century artistic movement that appealed to emotion rather than reason
Lord Byron
A British poet ; wrote about moody, isolated, and romantic heroes
Victor hugo
A French novelist ; recreated his country's past in novels. " Hunchback of Norte Dame"
Louis Pasteur
A french chemist ; showed the link between microbes and diseases
dynamo
A machine that generates electricity
Temperance Movement
A movement against alchohol
William Blake
A poet and writer; romantic movement
Vincent van gogh
A post impressionist painter ; experimented with sharp lines and bright colors
Ludwig van Beethoven
A romantic German composer ; music combined classical with a stirring range of sound
stock
A share of ownership in a corporation.
Charles dickens
An english novelist ; portrayed the lives of the lower class and factory workers in his books
Racism
Belief that one race is superior to another
Henry Bessemer
British engineer who invented a way to make steel from iron
Charles Darwin
British naturalist ; argued for the theory of evolution
coporation
Business owned by many people who invest in it by buying stocks
Michael Faraday
English; created the first simple electric motor and the first dynamo
Louis Daguerre
French inventor of the first practical photographic process, the daguerreotype. improved upon earlier technology
Gustave Courbet
French painter noted for his realistic depiction of everyday scenes
Alfred Nobel
He invented dynamite, used in both construction and for violence in war. created the Nobel Prize
Why do you think reformers pushed for free public education
I think reformers pushed for free public education because it helps the following generation be more successful than the present generation.
interchangeable parts
Identical components that can be used in place of one another; made it easier to repair products and for people who weren't skilled to get jobs
What artistic movements emerged in reaction to the industrial revolution?
In reaction to the industrial movement, artistic movements like romanticism formed.
How did industrialization change life of cities?
Industrialization changed lives because with the new industrialization came more jobs, urban renewal, better sanitation, and entertainment. Industrialization also created bad working conditions and bad areas of the cities with high crime.
Thomas Edison
Invented the light bulb
Guglielmo Marconi
Italian inventor ; created the radio
What are three subjects romantics favored?
Romantics favored the three subjects of history, legends, and folklore.
2. How did science, technology, and big business promote industrial growth?
Science, technology, and big business promoted industrial growth because the each allowed industries to increase their efficiency and production. It became easier to do mass productions of an item. This caused industrialization to spread.
How did technology help industry expand?
Technology helped industry expand because It allowed industries to work longer and more effectively.
How did the Industrial Revolution change the old social order and long-held traditions in the Western world?
The Industrial Revolution changed the old social order and long-held traditions in the Western world by making 3 social classes.
How did the Industrial Revolution spread in the 1800s?
The Industrial Revolution spread in the 1800s because first Britain, then Germany, and the United States became industrial powers. they had lots of coal, iron and other resources. Britain, who first had the industrial revolution, set an example of how to have power in industrial which then led to the USA and Germany borrowing Britain's experts and technology.
How did the need for capital lead to new business organizations?
The need for capital led to new business organizations because companies needed a lot of capital (money) so they would start to created stocks. many investors bought stock, so businesses formed corporations.
In what ways were the new artistic styles of the 1800s a reaction to changes in society?
The new artistic styles of the 1800s were a reaction to changes in society because romantics wanted to ignore the industries around them, realists wanted to expose the horribleness of the factories, and impressionists wanted to add on to the development of photography.
What laws helped workers in the late 1800s?
The new laws that were made helped workers in the late 1800s because they now allowed workers to unionize, they expanded the right to vote, regulated working conditions, limited child labor, and and now there is disability insurance.
Why did the rate of population growth increase in the late 1800s?
The rate of population growth increases in the late 1800s because people started eating healthier, becoming better at hygiene, and there was more sanitation around.
Why did the women's movement face strong opposition?
The women's movement faced strong opposition because men though women should stay at home and that they were too emotional to vote.
What are three ways that city life changed in the 1800s?
There was better transportation, now there were street lights, and there were new sewer systems through the city.
What are the three values associated with the middle class?
Three values associated with the middle class are strict etiquette, luxury, and respectability.
What did Courbet mean when he said "I cannot paint an angel because I have never seen one"?
When Courbet said "I cannot paint an angel because I have never seen one" he meant he only painted what he saw and what was real.
Cartel
When a group of corporations join together to fix prices
Women's Suffrage
Women's right to vote
Florence Nightingale
army nurse ; she showed that sanitariness can save many lives
Joseph Lister
english surgeon ; showed that washing and sterilizing tools makes a big differenece and saves lives
Sojourner Truth
former slave who became an abolitionist and women's rights activist
Elizabeth Cady Stanton
fough against slavery before starting a movement for women's rights
Robert Koch
german doctor ; found the bacteria that caused tuberculosis
Cult of Domesticity
idea that women should be at home and in the kitchen
Claude Monet
impressionist artist ; applied colors without combining them, relyied on the human eye to blend them
assembly line
labor where each part of the process is assigned to a different worker
Social Gospel
movement that urged christians to social service
William Wordsworth
poet; part of romantc movement
urban renewal
rebuilding of the poor areas of a city
mutual-aid society
self-help groups to aid sick or injured workers
standard of living
the quality and availability of necessary items and wants in a society.
Germ theory
the theory that certain microbes might cause specific infections
Realism
to represent the world as it was